WordNet
- the 1st letter of the Roman alphabet (同)a
- the blood group whose red cells carry the A antigen (同)type_A, group A
PrepTutorEJDIC
- answer / ampere
Wikipedia preview
出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)』「2017/01/24 23:11:30」(JST)
[Wiki en表示]
Thromboxane A2
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Identifiers |
CAS Number
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57576-52-0 Y |
3D model (Jmol) |
Interactive image |
ChEBI |
CHEBI:15627 |
ChemSpider |
4444137 |
IUPHAR/BPS
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4482 |
KEGG |
C02198 |
MeSH |
Thromboxane+A2 |
PubChem |
5280497 |
InChI
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InChI=1S/C20H32O5/c1-2-3-6-9-15(21)12-13-17-16(18-14-20(24-17)25-18)10-7-4-5-8-11-19(22)23/h4,7,12-13,15-18,20-21H,2-3,5-6,8-11,14H2,1H3,(H,22,23)/b7-4-,13-12+/t15-,16+,17+,18-,20+/m0/s1
Key: DSNBHJFQCNUKMA-SCKDECHMSA-N
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SMILES
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CCCCC[C@@H](/C=C/[C@@H]1[C@H]([C@@H]2C[C@@H](O2)O1)C/C=C\CCCC(=O)O)O
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Properties |
Chemical formula
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C20H32O5 |
Molar mass |
352.465 g/mol |
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Y verify (what is YN ?) |
Infobox references |
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Thromboxane A2 (TXA2) is a type of thromboxane that is produced by activated platelets and has prothrombotic properties: it stimulates activation of new platelets as well as increases platelet aggregation. This is achieved by increasing expression of the glycoprotein complex GPIIb/IIIa on the cell membrane of platelets. The same effect[improper synthesis?] is also achieved by ADP in platelet stimulation, which is blocked by clopidogrel. Circulating fibrinogen binds these receptors on adjacent platelets, further strengthening the clot. Thromboxane A2 is also a known vasoconstrictor and is especially important during tissue injury and inflammation. It is also regarded as responsible for Prinzmetal's angina.
Receptors that mediate TXA2 actions are thromboxane A2 receptors. The human TXA2 receptor (TP) is a typical G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) with seven transmembrane segments. In humans, two TP receptor splice variants - TPα and TPβ - have so far been cloned.
Synthesis and breakdown
TXA2 is generated from prostaglandin H2 by thromboxane-A synthase in a metabolic reaction which generates approximately equal amounts of 12-Hydroxyheptadecatrienoic acid (12-HHT). Aspirin irreversibly inhibits platelet cyclooxygenase 1 preventing the formation of prostaglandin H2, and therefore thromboxane A2.
TXA2 is very unstable in aqueous solution, since it is hydrolyzed within about 30 seconds to the biologically inactive thromboxane B2. 12-HHT, while once thought to be an inactive byproduct of TXA2 synthesis, has recently been shown to have a range of potentially important actions, some of which relate to the actions of TXA2 (see 12-Hydroxyheptadecatrienoic acid).[1] Due to its very short half life, TXA2 primarily functions as an autocrine or paracrine mediator in the nearby tissues surrounding its site of production. Most work in the field of TXA2 is done instead with synthetic analogs such as U46619 and I-BOP.[2] In human studies, 11-dehydrothromboxane B2 levels are used to indirectly measure TXA2 production.[3][4]
References
- ^ J Biochem. 2015 Feb;157(2):65-71. doi: 10.1093/jb/mvu078
- ^ Michael P. Walsh; et al. "Thromboxane A2-induced contraction of rat caudal arterial smooth muscle involves activation of Ca2+ entry and Ca2+sensitization: Rho-associated kinase-mediated phosphorylation of MYPT1 at Thr-855 but not Thr-697" (PDF).
- ^ Catella F, Healy D, Lawson JA, FitzGerald GA (1986). "11-Dehydrothromboxane B2: a quantitative index of thromboxane A2 formation in the human circulation". PNAS. 83 (16): 5861–5865. doi:10.1073/pnas.83.16.5861. PMC 386396. PMID 3461463.
- ^ Lordkipanidzé M, Pharand C, Schampaert E, Turgeon J, Palisaitis DA, Diodati JG (2007). "A comparison of six major platelet function tests to determine the prevalence of aspirin resistance in patients with stable coronary artery disease". Eur Heart J. 28 (14): 1702–1708. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehm226. PMID 17569678.
Eicosanoids
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Precursor |
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Prostanoids |
Prostaglandins (PG) |
Precursor |
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Active |
D/J |
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E/F |
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I |
- I2 (Prostacyclin/Epoprostenol):
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Thromboxanes (TX) |
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Leukotrienes (LT) |
Precursor |
- Arachidonic acid 5-hydroperoxide
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Initial |
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SRS-A |
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Eoxins (EX) |
Precursor |
- Arachidonic acid 15-hydroperoxide
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Eoxins |
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Nonclassic |
- Lipoxins (LX) (A4, B4)
- Virodhamine
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By function |
- vasoconstriction
- vasodilation
- platelets: induce
- inhibit
- leukocytes: induce
- inhibit
- labor stimulation:
- PGE2 (Dinoprostone)
- PGF2α (Dinoprost)
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Prostanoid signaling modulators
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Receptor
(ligands) |
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Enzyme
(inhibitors) |
COX (PTGS) |
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PGD2 synthase |
- Retinoids
- Selenium (selenium tetrachloride, sodium selenite, selenium disulfide)
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PGE synthase |
HQL-79
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PGF synthase |
Bimatoprost
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PGI2 synthase |
Tranylcypromine
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TXA synthase |
- Camonagrel
- Dazmegrel
- Dazoxiben
- Furegrelate
- Isbogrel
- Midazogrel
- Nafagrel
- Nicogrelate
- Ozagrel
- Picotamide
- Pirmagrel
- Ridogrel
- Rolafagrel
- Samixogrel
- Terbogrel
- U63557A
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Others |
- Precursors: Linoleic acid
- γ-Linolenic acid (gamolenic acid)
- Dihomo-γ-linolenic acid
- Diacylglycerol
- Arachidonic acid
- Prostaglandin G2
- Prostaglandin H2
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See also: Leukotrienergics
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UpToDate Contents
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English Journal
- Endothelin-1 shifts the mediator of bradykinin-induced relaxation from NO to H2 O2 in resistance arteries from patients with cardiovascular disease.
- Leurgans TM1, Bloksgaard M1, Brewer JR2, Bagatolli LA2, Fredgart MH1, Rosenstand K1, Hansen ML3, Rasmussen LM3,4, Irmukhamedov A4,5, De Mey JG1,4,5,6.
- British journal of pharmacology.Br J Pharmacol.2016 Feb 23. doi: 10.1111/bph.13467. [Epub ahead of print]
- BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: We tested the hypothesis that in resistance arteries from cardiovascular disease patients, effects of an endothelium-dependent vasodilator depend on the contractile stimulus.EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH: Arteries dissected from parietal pericardium of cardiothoracic surgery patients
- PMID 26914408
- Endometriosis-Derived Stromal Cells Secrete Thrombin and Thromboxane A2, Inducing Platelet Activation.
- Guo SW1, Du Y2, Liu X3.
- Reproductive sciences (Thousand Oaks, Calif.).Reprod Sci.2016 Feb 22. pii: 1933719116630428. [Epub ahead of print]
- Platelets have been recently revealed to play important roles in the development of endometriosis. However, it is unclear whether endometriotic lesions can secrete any platelet inducers outside the menstruation window. Hence, this study was undertaken to see whether endometriosis-derived stromal cel
- PMID 26902428
- Apelin: an antithrombotic factor that inhibits platelet function.
- Adam F1, Khatib AM2, Lopez JJ1, Vatier C3, Turpin S1, Muscat A3, Soulet F2, Aries A1, Jardin I4, Bobe R1, Stepanian A5, de Prost D6, Dray C7, Rosado JA4, Valet P7, Feve B8, Siegfried G2.
- Blood.Blood.2016 Feb 18;127(7):908-20. doi: 10.1182/blood-2014-05-578781. Epub 2015 Dec 3.
- Apelin peptide and its receptor APJ are directly implicated in various physiological processes ranging from cardiovascular homeostasis to immune signaling. Here, we show that apelin is a key player in hemostasis with an ability to inhibit thrombin- and collagen-mediated platelet activation. Mice lac
- PMID 26634301
Japanese Journal
- ONO-1301, a Sustained-Release Prostacyclin Analog, Ameliorates the Renal Alterations in a Mouse Type 2 Diabetes Model Possibly Through Its Protective Effects on Mesangial Cells
- Salvia Miltiorrhiza Bge.f.alba Ameliorates the Progression of Monocrotaline-Induced Pulmonary Hypertension by Protecting Endothelial Injury in Rats
- Methods for Preclinical Assessment of Antipruritic Agents and Itch Mechanisms Independent of Mast-Cell Histamine
Related Links
- Thromboxane A2 (TXA2) is a thromboxane. It is produced by activated platelets and has prothrombotic properties: it stimulates activation of new platelets as well as increases platelet aggregation. This is achieved by mediating ...
- Buy Carbocyclic Thromboxane A2 (CAS 74034-56-3), a stable analog of TXA2 which inhibits platelet aggregation, from Santa Cruz. MF C22H36O3, MW 348.52 ... Carbocyclic Thromboxane A2(CTA2) is a stable analog of TXA2 which ...
Related Pictures
★リンクテーブル★
[★]
- 英
- thromboxane A2, TXA2
- 関
- プロスタグランジン、PGI2
代謝
プロスタグランジンH2-(TXA synthase)→トロンボキサンA2
生理作用
- 血管収縮 (SPC.108)
- 血小板凝集
- 気管支収縮
血栓形成・喘息発作
産生組織 (WINTROBE'S CLINICAL HEMATOLOGY. 628)
- 血小板 (synthesized almost exclusively by platelets (as opposed to endothelial or other cells)
[★]
トロンボキサンA2
- 同
- thromboxane A2
[★]
- 関
- prostaglandin H2 receptor、thromboxane A2 receptor
[★]
- 関
- prostaglandin H2 receptor、prostaglandin H2-thromboxane A2 receptor、TXA2 receptor
[★]