術語、専門用語

WordNet

resulting from or dependent on market factors rather than fundamental economic considerations; "analysts content that the stock market is due for a technical rally"; "the fall is only a technical correction"
a pickup truck with a gun mounted on it
of or relating to or requiring special knowledge to be understood; "technical terminology"; "a technical report"; "technical language" (同)expert
of or relating to technique or proficiency in a practical skill; "his technical innovation was his brushwork"; "the technical dazzle of her dancing" (同)proficient
of or relating to a practical subject that is organized according to scientific principles; "technical college"; "technological development" (同)technological
characterizing or showing skill in or specialized knowledge of applied arts and sciences; "a technical problem"; "highly technical matters hardly suitable for the general public"; "a technical report"; "producing the A-bomb was a challenge to the technical people of this country"; "technical training"; "technical language"
name formally or designate with a term
the end of gestation or point at which birth is imminent; "a healthy baby born at full term" (同)full term
a limited period of time; "a prison term"; "he left school before the end of term"
a word or expression used for some particular thing; "he learned many medical terms"
any distinct quantity contained in a polynomial; "the general term of an algebraic equation of the n-th degree"
one of the substantive phrases in a logical proposition; "the major term of a syllogism must occur twice"

PrepTutorEJDIC

『専門の』,専門的な / 『工業の』,工芸の / 技術の,技術上の
〈C〉『専門用語』,術語 / 〈C〉(一般に)語[句],言葉 / 《複数形で》言い道,言飯遣い / 〈C〉『期間』 / 〈C〉〈U〉『学期』 / 《複数形で》(人との)間柄,仲《+with+名》 / 《複数形で》(協定などの)『条件』;要求額,値段 / 〈C〉(数式で)項 / 《term+名〈目〉+名(形)〈補〉》(…と)…‘を'名づける,呼ぶ
=technique

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/05/01 20:55:18」(JST)

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For Wikipedia jargon, see Wikipedia:Glossary. For the gemstone, see Jargoon. For prelinguistic children's speech (jargon stage), see babbling.

Jargon, technical terminology, or term of art,^[1] is "the technical terminology or characteristic idiom of a special activity or group."^[2] An industry term is a type of technical terminology that has a particular meaning within a specific industry.

The philosopher Étienne Bonnot de Condillac observed in 1782 that "every science requires a special language because every science has its own ideas." As a rationalist member of the Enlightenment he continued, "It seems that one ought to begin by composing this language, but people begin by speaking and writing, and the language remains to be composed."^[3] Within each field, terms have one or more specific meanings that are not necessarily the same as those in common use. In earlier times, the term jargon would refer to trade languages used by people who spoke different native tongues to communicate, such as the Chinook Jargon.

In other words, the term covers the language used by people who work in a particular area or who have a common interest. Much like slang,^[4] it can develop as a kind of shorthand, to express ideas that are frequently discussed between members of a group, though it can also be developed deliberately using chosen terms. A standard term may be given a more precise or unique usage among practitioners of a field. In many cases this causes a barrier to communication with those not familiar with the language of the field. In this way, jargon can be argot and can provide an ingroup with shibboleths. On the other hand, jargon that once was obscure outside a small ingroup can become generally known over time. For example, the terms bit, byte, and hexadecimal (which are terms from computing jargon^[4]) are now recognized by many people outside computer science.

Etymology

The word comes from Old French jargon meaning "chatter of birds".^[5]

Industry term

An industry term is a type of technical terminology that has a particular meaning within a specific industry. The phrase implies that a word or phrase is a typical one within a particular industry or business and people within the industry or business will be familiar with and use the term.

Precise technical terms and their definitions are formally recognised, documented, and taught by educators in the field. Other terms are more colloquial, coined and used by practitioners in the field, and are similar to slang. The boundaries between formal and slang jargon, as in general English, are quite fluid. This is especially true in the rapidly developing world of computers and networking. For instance, the term firewall (in the sense of a device used to filter network traffic) was at first technical slang. As these devices became more widespread and the term became widely understood, the word was adopted as formal terminology.

Technical terminology evolves due to the need for experts in a field to communicate with precision and brevity, but often has the effect of excluding those who are unfamiliar with the particular specialized language of the group. This can cause difficulties as, for example, when a patient is unable to follow the discussions of medical practitioners, and thus cannot understand his own condition and treatment. Differences in jargon also cause difficulties where professionals in related fields use different terms for the same phenomena.

Accessibility issues

With the rise of self-advocacy movement within the disability movement, jargonised language has been much objected to by advocates and self-advocates. Jargon is largely present in every day language, in newspapers, government documents and official forms. Several advocacy organisations work on influencing public agents to offer accessible information in different formats.^[4] One accessible format that offers an alternative to jargonised language is Easy Read, which consists of a combination of plain English and images. Another alternative is a jargon buster, incorporated to certain technical documents.^[4] There is a balance to be struck - excessive removal of technical terminology from a document leads to an equally undesirable outcome - dumbing down.

Modern vs. postmodern opinions on the use of jargon

The summary below discusses two differing viewpoints of the use of jargon, as described by Stephen K. Roney in "Postmodernist Prose and George Orwell." In his article, Roney discusses modern vs. postmodern styles of language using the contrasting views of George Orwell and Judith Butler.^[6]

George Orwell, a socialist, leftist, and Marxist, believes in the modern style of language, deeming that good writing is clear and simple. In his essay, “Politics and the English Language,” he states the following arguments: technical language is nothing but an oratorical trick, simple language is required to clarify difficult concepts, while complex language is needed to explain simple concepts, and lastly, political language is structured to make lies seem like the truth. In short, Orwell is articulating that specialized language is not essential.^[6]

Butler presents several postmodernist rebuttals to Orwell’s arguments. She states that difficult concepts need to be expressed with specialized vocabulary, or jargon. She quotes Marcuse, who believes that if people could use plain language to describe something, they would. She is attempting to prove that jargon is natural and necessary. Butler also says “language conditions thought,” meaning that the words we use shape the way we think.^[6] Roney responds to that by saying that if language fully conditioned thought, we would not be able to think about language.^[6] The last argument that Butler states is “if you’re talking about something obscure, your language should be obscure to reflect this accurately."^[6]

Butler believes that specialized vocabulary is essential in writing and oratory because language should mirror reality. Orwell opposes most of her arguments with his modern style of language by saying that simplicity is the key to good writing and dialect because language should be easy for the audience to comprehend.

Examples

Architectural terminology
Ballet terminology
Binomial nomenclature
Chemical nomenclature
Computing jargon
Corporate jargon
Economics terminology that differs from common usage
Fencing terminology
Legal terms
Language of mathematics
- Mathematical jargon
Medical terminology
Musical terminology
Nautical terms
Padonkaffsky jargon
Poker terminology
Scientific terminology
- International scientific vocabulary
Wine tasting descriptors

Notes

^ Merriam-Webster's Dictionary of Law
^ "Jargon". Merriam Webster. Merriam-Webster, Inc. Archived from the original on 29 March 2013. Retrieved 29 March 2013.
^ Quoted by Fernand Braudel, in discussing the origins of capital, capitalism, in The Wheels of Commerce, vol. II of Civilization and Capitalism, 15th-18th Century, 1979:234. Originally found in Condillac's work Le Commerce et le gouvernement considérés relativement l'un à l'autre (1776).
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Lundin, Leigh (2009-12-31). "Buzzwords– bang * splat !". Don Martin School of Software. Criminal Brief.
^ "jargon". Online Etymology Dictionary.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Roney, Stephen (2002). "Postmodernist Prose and George Orwell". Academic Questions 15 (2): 13. doi:10.1007/s12129-002-1071-6. Retrieved 18 September 2013.

External links

Look up jargon in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

The Jargon Wiki - A wiki based on The Jargon File.
Business Jargon - Business Jargon and terminology.
Easy Read by Mencap

UpToDate Contents

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English Journal

Clinical features and electrodiagnosis of ulnar neuropathies.

Landau ME, Campbell WW.SourceDepartment of Neurology, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, 8900 Wisconsin Ave, Bethesda, MD 20815, USA. Electronic address: Mark.Landau@med.navy.mil.
Physical medicine and rehabilitation clinics of North America.Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am.2013 Feb;24(1):49-66. doi: 10.1016/j.pmr.2012.08.019. Epub 2012 Oct 25.
In this review, we delineate clinical, electrodiagnostic, and radiographic features of ulnar mononeuropathies. Ulnar neuropathy at the elbow (UNE) is most commonly due to lesions at the level of the retroepicondylar groove (RTC), with approximately 25% at the humeroulnar arcade (HUA). The term 'cubi
PMID 23177030

The trend-renewal process: a useful model for medical recurrence data.

Pietzner D, Wienke A.SourceInstitute of Medical Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Informatics, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, D-06097, Halle (Saale), Germany. diana.pietzner@medizin.uni-halle.de.
Statistics in medicine.Stat Med.2013 Jan 15;32(1):142-52. doi: 10.1002/sim.5503. Epub 2012 Jul 16.
Time-to-event data analysis has a long tradition in applied statistics. Many models have been developed for data where each subject or observation unit experiences at most one event during its life. In contrast, in some applications, the subjects may experience more than one event. Recurrent events
PMID 22807089

Triple click reaction strategy for macromolecular diversity.

Tunca U.SourceDepartment of Chemistry, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, Istanbul 34469, Turkey. tuncau@itu.edu.tr.
Macromolecular rapid communications.Macromol Rapid Commun.2013 Jan 11;34(1):38-46. doi: 10.1002/marc.201200656. Epub 2012 Nov 22.
This Feature Article focuses on the rapidly emerging concept of the "triple click reactions" towards the design and synthesis of macromolecules with well-defined topology and chemical composition, and also precise molecular weight and narrow molecular weight distribution. The term "triple click reac
PMID 23172638

Japanese Journal

システム理論は社会学的でありうるか

赤堀三郎(1971-)
東京女子大学社会学年報 2, 31-42, 20140310-00-00
… To answer this question, the paper begins with a review of the technical definition of "social system" within the domain of sociology. … First, I argue that "society" and "the social" must be distinguished from each other to understand that the term social system refers to systems of "the social" rather than to the system of society. …
NAID 120005486360