関: sodium tartrate、tartaric acid

tartaric acid

WordNet

a salt or ester of tartaric acid
an acid tartrate; a hydrogen tartrate

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/06/18 16:00:23」(JST)

wiki en

A tartrate is a salt or ester of the organic compound tartaric acid, a dicarboxylic acid. The formula of the tartrate dianion is O⁻OC-CH(OH)-CH(OH)-COO⁻ or C₄H₄O₆²⁻.^[1]

The main forms of tartrates used commercially are pure crystalline tartartic acid used as an acidulant in non-alcoholic drinks and foods, cream of tartar used in baking, and Rochelle Salt, commonly used in electroplating solutions.

As food additives

As food additives, tartrates are used as antioxidants, acidity regulators, and emulsifiers. Examples include

sodium tartrates (E335)
- monosodium tartrate
- sodium tartrate
- sodium ammonium tartrate the compound through which Louis Pasteur discovered chirality
potassium tartrates (E336)
- potassium bitartrate (monopotassium tartrate, cream of tartar)
- potassium tartrate
potassium sodium tartrate (E337)
calcium tartrate (E354, used as emulsifier)
stearyl tartrate (E483, used as emulsifier)

In wine

In wine, tartrates are the harmless crystalline deposits that separate from wines during fermentation and aging. The principal component of this deposit is potassium bitartrate, a potassium salt of tartatic acid. Small amounts of pulp debris, dead yeast, and precipitated phenolic materials such as tannins make up the impurities contaminating the potassium acid tartrate.

The wine industry is the only source of commercial tartrates, and the crystalline encrustations left inside fermentation vessels are regularly scraped off and purified for commercial use.

Tartrates separate from new wines because they are less soluble in alcohol than in non-alcoholic grape juice. The exact figures vary according to variety and region, but approximately half of the tartrate soluble in grape juice is insoluble in wine. The problem is that the tartrate may remain in a supersaturated state after bottling, only to crystallize at some unpredictable later time.

Tartrates precipitated in red wine usually take on some red pigment and are commonly dismissed as mere sediment; in white wines they can look alarmingly like shards of glass. The modern wine industry has decided that tartrate stabilization is preferable to consumer education.^[2]

References

^ "Tartaric Acid - Compound Summary". PubChem.
^ Robinson, Janis (2006). The Oxford Companion to Wine. Oxford University Press. pp. 681–682. ISBN 0198609906.

UpToDate Contents

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English Journal

Quantitative analysis of Bordeaux red wine precipitates by solid-state NMR: Role of tartrates and polyphenols.

Prakash S1, Iturmendi N2, Grelard A1, Moine V2, Dufourc E3.
Food chemistry.Food Chem.2016 May 15;199:229-37. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.12.013. Epub 2015 Dec 7.
Stability of wines is of great importance in oenology matters. Quantitative estimation of dark red precipitates formed in Merlot and Cabernet Sauvignon wine from Bordeaux region for vintages 2012 and 2013 was performed during the oak barrel ageing process. Precipitates were obtained by placing wine
PMID 26775965

The roles of polycarboxylates in Cr(VI)/sulfite reaction system: Involvement of reactive oxygen species and intramolecular electron transfer.

Jiang B1, Wang X2, Liu Y2, Wang Z3, Zheng J4, Wu M5.
Journal of hazardous materials.J Hazard Mater.2016 Mar 5;304:457-66. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2015.11.011. Epub 2015 Nov 14.
In this study, the effects of polycarboxylates on both Cr(VI) reduction and S(IV) consumption in Cr(VI)/S(IV) system was investigated in acidic solution. Under aerobic condition, the productions of reactive oxygen species (ROS), i.e., SO4(-) and OH, have been confirmed in S(IV) reducing Cr(VI) proce
PMID 26610099

Various instrumental approaches for determination of organic acids in wines.

Zeravik J1, Fohlerova Z2, Milovanovic M3, Kubesa O3, Zeisbergerova M4, Lacina K4, Petrovic A5, Glatz Z6, Skladal P6.
Food chemistry.Food Chem.2016 Mar 1;194:432-40. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.08.013. Epub 2015 Aug 4.
Biosensors based on lactate oxidase, sarcosine oxidase and mixture of fumarase and sarcosine oxidase were used for monitoring of organic acids in wine samples. Additionally, tartaric acid was determined by modified colorimetric method based on formation of the vanadate-tartrate complex. The above me
PMID 26471576

Japanese Journal

2型糖尿病合併透析患者における血中破骨細胞形成抑制因子(osteoprotegerin)濃度および骨代謝マーカーの変化

斎藤修,谷仲由季,斎藤孝子,武田真一,伊藤千春,佐々木信博,安藤康宏,草野英二
自治医科大学紀要 34, 1-10, 2012-03-01
【目的】2型糖尿病では骨密度の低下を伴わない骨の脆弱性が問題となっている。一方,2型糖尿病合併の透析患者では無形成骨が多いと報告されている。近年破骨細胞形成抑制因子(osteoprotegerin: OPG)が発見され,破骨細胞の分化を抑制するとされている。今回,我々は,透析患者において血中OPG濃度および各種骨代謝マーカーを測定し,2型糖尿病が透析患者の骨ミネラル代謝異常にどのような影響を及ぼし …
NAID 110008922523

Polypyrrole film on 55% Al–Zn-coated steel for corrosion prevention

Ryu Haku,Sheng Nan,Ohtsuka Toshiaki,Fujita Sakae,Kajiyama Hiroshi
Corrosion Science 56, 67-77, 2012-03
… For corrosion protection of 55% Al–Zn-coated steel, a dense polypyrrole (PPy) film is electrochemically formed on 55% Al–Zn-coated steel in an acidic tartrate solution under constant current control. … The film potentially consists of an inner layer of aluminium and/or zinc oxide and an outer PPy layer doped with tartrate anions. … The doping of molybdate anions into the PPy–tartrate film greatly improved the film’s protective properties. …
NAID 120003860285

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★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「酒石酸塩」「sodium tartrate」「酒石酸エステル」「tartaric acid」
拡張検索	「dobutamine tartrate」「ergotamine tartrate」「protirelin tartrate」「antimony potassium tartrate」「meluadrine tartrate」

「酒石酸塩」

Tartrate
Identifiers
CAS Number	64672-61-3
ChEBI	CHEBI:30929
ChemSpider	3033168
Jmol 3D model	Interactive image
PubChem	3806114
	InChI InChI=1S/C4H6O6/c5-1(3(7)8)2(6)4(9)10/h1-2,5-6H,(H,7,8)(H,9,10)/p-2 Key: FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-UHFFFAOYSA-L ; InChI=1/C4H6O6/c5-1(3(7)8)2(6)4(9)10/h1-2,5-6H,(H,7,8)(H,9,10)/p-2 Key: FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-NUQVWONBAJ ;
	SMILES O=C([O-])C(O)C(O)C([O-])=O ;
Properties
Chemical formula	C4H4O62−
Molar mass	148.07 g/mol
	Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
	verify (what is ?)
	Infobox references

　　[★]

英: tartrate
関: 酒石酸、酒石酸ナトリウム、酒石酸エステル

「sodium tartrate」

　　[★]

酒石酸ナトリウム

関: tartaric acid、tartrate

「酒石酸エステル」

　　[★]

英: tartrate
関: 酒石酸、酒石酸塩

「tartaric acid」

　　[★]

酒石酸

関: sodium tartrate、tartrate

「dobutamine tartrate」

　　[★]

酒石酸ドブタミン

関: dobutamine、dobutamine hydrochloride、dobutamine lactobionate、Dobutrex

「ergotamine tartrate」

　　[★] エルゴタミン、酒石酸エルゴタミン

「protirelin tartrate」

　　[★]

酒石酸プロチレリン

関: protirelin

「antimony potassium tartrate」

　　[★]

酒石酸アンチモンカリウム

「meluadrine tartrate」

　　[★]

酒石酸メルアドリン

[1] "Tartaric Acid - Compound Summary". PubChem.

[Oxford-2] Robinson, Janis (2006). The Oxford Companion to Wine. Oxford University Press. pp. 681–682. ISBN 0198609906.

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tartrate