酒石酸、酒石酸塩、酒石酸エステル
- 関
- sodium tartrate、tartaric acid
WordNet
- a salt or ester of tartaric acid
- an acid tartrate; a hydrogen tartrate
Wikipedia preview
出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)』「2016/06/18 16:00:23」(JST)
[Wiki en表示]
Not to be confused with tartaric acid.
Tartrate
|
|
Identifiers |
CAS Number
|
64672-61-3 N |
ChEBI |
CHEBI:30929 Y |
ChemSpider |
3033168 Y |
Jmol 3D model |
Interactive image |
PubChem |
3806114 |
InChI
-
InChI=1S/C4H6O6/c5-1(3(7)8)2(6)4(9)10/h1-2,5-6H,(H,7,8)(H,9,10)/p-2 Y
Key: FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Y
-
InChI=1/C4H6O6/c5-1(3(7)8)2(6)4(9)10/h1-2,5-6H,(H,7,8)(H,9,10)/p-2
Key: FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-NUQVWONBAJ
|
SMILES
-
O=C([O-])C(O)C(O)C([O-])=O
|
Properties |
Chemical formula
|
C4H4O62− |
Molar mass |
148.07 g/mol |
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
|
N verify (what is YN ?) |
Infobox references |
|
|
A tartrate is a salt or ester of the organic compound tartaric acid, a dicarboxylic acid. The formula of the tartrate dianion is O−OC-CH(OH)-CH(OH)-COO− or C4H4O62−.[1]
The main forms of tartrates used commercially are pure crystalline tartartic acid used as an acidulant in non-alcoholic drinks and foods, cream of tartar used in baking, and Rochelle Salt, commonly used in electroplating solutions.
As food additives
As food additives, tartrates are used as antioxidants, acidity regulators, and emulsifiers. Examples include
- sodium tartrates (E335)
- monosodium tartrate
- sodium tartrate
- sodium ammonium tartrate the compound through which Louis Pasteur discovered chirality
- potassium tartrates (E336)
- potassium bitartrate (monopotassium tartrate, cream of tartar)
- potassium tartrate
- potassium sodium tartrate (E337)
- calcium tartrate (E354, used as emulsifier)
- stearyl tartrate (E483, used as emulsifier)
In wine
In wine, tartrates are the harmless crystalline deposits that separate from wines during fermentation and aging. The principal component of this deposit is potassium bitartrate, a potassium salt of tartatic acid. Small amounts of pulp debris, dead yeast, and precipitated phenolic materials such as tannins make up the impurities contaminating the potassium acid tartrate.
The wine industry is the only source of commercial tartrates, and the crystalline encrustations left inside fermentation vessels are regularly scraped off and purified for commercial use.
Tartrates separate from new wines because they are less soluble in alcohol than in non-alcoholic grape juice. The exact figures vary according to variety and region, but approximately half of the tartrate soluble in grape juice is insoluble in wine. The problem is that the tartrate may remain in a supersaturated state after bottling, only to crystallize at some unpredictable later time.
Tartrates precipitated in red wine usually take on some red pigment and are commonly dismissed as mere sediment; in white wines they can look alarmingly like shards of glass. The modern wine industry has decided that tartrate stabilization is preferable to consumer education.[2]
References
- ^ "Tartaric Acid - Compound Summary". PubChem.
- ^ Robinson, Janis (2006). The Oxford Companion to Wine. Oxford University Press. pp. 681–682. ISBN 0198609906.
UpToDate Contents
全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.
English Journal
- Quantitative analysis of Bordeaux red wine precipitates by solid-state NMR: Role of tartrates and polyphenols.
- Prakash S1, Iturmendi N2, Grelard A1, Moine V2, Dufourc E3.
- Food chemistry.Food Chem.2016 May 15;199:229-37. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.12.013. Epub 2015 Dec 7.
- Stability of wines is of great importance in oenology matters. Quantitative estimation of dark red precipitates formed in Merlot and Cabernet Sauvignon wine from Bordeaux region for vintages 2012 and 2013 was performed during the oak barrel ageing process. Precipitates were obtained by placing wine
- PMID 26775965
- The roles of polycarboxylates in Cr(VI)/sulfite reaction system: Involvement of reactive oxygen species and intramolecular electron transfer.
- Jiang B1, Wang X2, Liu Y2, Wang Z3, Zheng J4, Wu M5.
- Journal of hazardous materials.J Hazard Mater.2016 Mar 5;304:457-66. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2015.11.011. Epub 2015 Nov 14.
- In this study, the effects of polycarboxylates on both Cr(VI) reduction and S(IV) consumption in Cr(VI)/S(IV) system was investigated in acidic solution. Under aerobic condition, the productions of reactive oxygen species (ROS), i.e., SO4(-) and OH, have been confirmed in S(IV) reducing Cr(VI) proce
- PMID 26610099
- Various instrumental approaches for determination of organic acids in wines.
- Zeravik J1, Fohlerova Z2, Milovanovic M3, Kubesa O3, Zeisbergerova M4, Lacina K4, Petrovic A5, Glatz Z6, Skladal P6.
- Food chemistry.Food Chem.2016 Mar 1;194:432-40. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.08.013. Epub 2015 Aug 4.
- Biosensors based on lactate oxidase, sarcosine oxidase and mixture of fumarase and sarcosine oxidase were used for monitoring of organic acids in wine samples. Additionally, tartaric acid was determined by modified colorimetric method based on formation of the vanadate-tartrate complex. The above me
- PMID 26471576
Japanese Journal
- 2型糖尿病合併透析患者における血中破骨細胞形成抑制因子(osteoprotegerin)濃度および骨代謝マーカーの変化
- 斎藤 修,谷仲 由季,斎藤 孝子,武田 真一,伊藤 千春,佐々木 信博,安藤 康宏,草野 英二
- 自治医科大学紀要 34, 1-10, 2012-03-01
- 【目的】2型糖尿病では骨密度の低下を伴わない骨の脆弱性が問題となっている。一方,2型糖尿病合併の透析患者では無形成骨が多いと報告されている。近年破骨細胞形成抑制因子(osteoprotegerin: OPG)が発見され,破骨細胞の分化を抑制するとされている。今回,我々は,透析患者において血中OPG濃度および各種骨代謝マーカーを測定し,2型糖尿病が透析患者の骨ミネラル代謝異常にどのような影響を及ぼし …
- NAID 110008922523
- Polypyrrole film on 55% Al–Zn-coated steel for corrosion prevention
- Ryu Haku,Sheng Nan,Ohtsuka Toshiaki,Fujita Sakae,Kajiyama Hiroshi
- Corrosion Science 56, 67-77, 2012-03
- … For corrosion protection of 55% Al–Zn-coated steel, a dense polypyrrole (PPy) film is electrochemically formed on 55% Al–Zn-coated steel in an acidic tartrate solution under constant current control. … The film potentially consists of an inner layer of aluminium and/or zinc oxide and an outer PPy layer doped with tartrate anions. … The doping of molybdate anions into the PPy–tartrate film greatly improved the film’s protective properties. …
- NAID 120003860285
Related Links
- It combines with acids, and forms salts acrid and pungent like itself; the phosphate, oxalate, and tartrate being crystallizable. A Dictionary of Arts, Manufactures and Mines Andrew Ure By precipitating acetate of lead, by tartrate ...
- tartrate [tahr´trāt] a salt of tartaric acid. tar·trate (tar'trāt), Avoid the misspelling/mispronunciation tartarate. A salt of tartaric acid. tartrate /tar·trate/ (tahr´trāt) a salt of tartaric acid. tar·trate (tär′trāt′) n. A salt or ester of tartaric acid.
Related Pictures







★リンクテーブル★
[★]
- 英
- tartrate
- 関
- 酒石酸、酒石酸ナトリウム、酒石酸エステル
[★]
酒石酸ナトリウム
- 関
- tartaric acid、tartrate
[★]
- 英
- tartrate
- 関
- 酒石酸、酒石酸塩
[★]
酒石酸
- 関
- sodium tartrate、tartrate
[★]
- 関
- dobutamine、dobutamine hydrochloride、dobutamine lactobionate、Dobutrex
[★]
エルゴタミン、酒石酸エルゴタミン
[★]
- 関
- protirelin
[★]
[★]
酒石酸メルアドリン