出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/06/12 08:21:55」(JST)
| Sternocleidomastoid | |
|---|---|
|
Muscles of the neck. Lateral view.
|
|
|
The sternocleidomastoid muscle with nearby structures labeled, such as the triangles of the neck.
|
|
| Latin | Musculus sternocleidomastoideus |
| Gray's | p.390 |
| Origin | Manubrium sterni and medial portion of the clavicle |
| Insertion | Mastoid process of the temporal bone, superior nuchal line |
| Artery | Occipital artery and the superior thyroid artery |
| Nerve | Motor: accessory nerve sensory: cervical plexus |
| Actions |
Unilaterally; cervical rotation to opposite side, cervical lateral flexion to same side Bilaterally; cervical flexion, raises the sternum and assists in forced inspiration. |
| Anatomical terms of muscle | |
In human anatomy, the sternocleidomastoid muscle /ˌstɜrnɵˌkliːdɵˈmæstɔɪd/, also known as sternomastoid and commonly abbreviated as SCM, is a paired muscle in the superficial layers of the anterior portion of the neck; it is one of the largest and most superficial cervical muscles.
The sternocleidomastoid passes obliquely across the side of the neck.
It is thick and narrow at its central part, but broader and thinner at either end.
The two heads are separated from one another at their origins by a triangular interval (supraclavicular fossa) but gradually blend, below the middle of the neck, into a thick, rounded muscle which is inserted, by a strong tendon, into the lateral surface of the mastoid process, from its apex to its superior border, and by a thin aponeurosis into the lateral half of the superior nuchal line of the occipital bone.
The sternocleidomastoid is innervated by the ipsilateral accessory nerve. It supplies only motor fibres. The cervical plexus supplies sensation, including proprioception, via the ventral primary rami of C2 and C3.
The sternocleidomastoid varies much in the extent of its origin from the clavicle: in some cases the clavicular head may be as narrow as the sternal; in others it may be as much as 7.5 centimetres (3.0 in) in breadth.
When the clavicular origin is broad, it is occasionally subdivided into several slips, separated by narrow intervals. More rarely, the adjoining margins of the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius are in contact. This would leave no posterior triangle.
The supraclavicularis muscle arises from the manubrium behind the sternocleidomastoid and passes behind the sternocleidomastoid to the upper surface of the clavicle.
The sternocleidomastoid is within the investing fascia of the neck, along with the trapezius muscle, with which it shares its nerve supply (the accessory nerve). It is thick and thus serves as a primary muscular landmark of the neck during an extraoral examination of a patient since it divides the neck region into anterior and posterior cervical triangles which helps define the location of structures, such as the lymph nodes for the head and neck.[1] Anterior to sternocleidomastoid is the anterior triangle. Posterior to it is the posterior triangle.
Many important structures relate to the sternocleidomastoid, including the common carotid artery, accessory nerve, and brachial plexus.
The function of this muscle is to rotate the head to the opposite side or obliquely rotate the head. It also flexes the neck. When acting together it flexes the neck and extends the head. When acting alone it rotates to the opposite side (contralaterally) and slightly (laterally) flexes to the same side.
It also acts as an accessory muscle of inspiration, along with the scalene muscles of the neck.
It is given the name sternocleidomastoid because it originates at the manubrium of the sternum (sterno-) and the clavicle (cleido-), and has an insertion at the mastoid process of the temporal bone of the skull.
The SCM is effectively palpated on each side of the neck when the patient moves the head to the contralateral side.[1]
Muscles connecting the upper extremity to the vertebral column. The posterior surface of the sternocleidomastoid muscle is labeled.
Position of sternocleidomastoid muscle. Animation.
Anterior surface of sternum and costal cartilages
Occipital bone, outer surface
Left temporal bone, outer surface
Base of skull, inferior surface
Left clavicle, superior surface
Section of the neck at about the level of the sixth cervical vertebra
Superficial dissection of the right side of the neck, showing the carotid and subclavian arteries
Veins of the head and neck
The veins of the neck, viewed from in front
The nerves of the scalp, face, and side of neck
Anterolateral view of head and neck
Front view of neck
surface anatomy
Sternocleidomastoid muscle
Sternocleidomastoid muscle, lateral view
SCM
SCM – right view
This article incorporates text from a public domain edition of Gray's Anatomy.
This article uses anatomical terminology; for an overview, see anatomical terminology.
| Wikimedia Commons has media related to Sternocleidomastoid muscles. |
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.
| リンク元 | 「胸鎖乳突筋」 |
| 関連記事 | 「sternomastoid」「muscle」 |
Henry Gray (1825-1861). Anatomy of the Human Body. 1918.
Henry Gray (1825-1861). Anatomy of the Human Body. 1918.