spinothalamic system

脊髄視床路系

WordNet

1. (physical chemistry) a sample of matter in which substances in different phases are in equilibrium; "in a static system oil cannot be replaced by water on a surface"; "a system generating hydrogen peroxide"
2. instrumentality that combines interrelated interacting artifacts designed to work as a coherent entity; "he bought a new stereo system"; "the system consists of a motor and a small computer"
3. a group of independent but interrelated elements comprising a unified whole; "a vast system of production and distribution and consumption keep the country going" (同)scheme
4. a complex of methods or rules governing behavior; "they have to operate under a system they oppose"; "that language has a complex system for indicating gender" (同)system of rules
5. a group of physiologically or anatomically related organs or parts; "the body has a system of organs for digestion"
6. a procedure or process for obtaining an objective; "they had to devise a system that did not depend on cooperation"
7. the living body considered as made up of interdependent components forming a unified whole; "exercise helped him get the alcohol out of his system"

PrepTutorEJDIC

1. 〈C〉(関連した部分から成る)『体系』,系統,組織[網],装置 / 〈C〉(教育・政治などの)『制度』,機構;《the~》体制 / 〈C〉(思想・学問などの)『体系』,学説 / 〈C〉(…の)『方法』,方式,やり方《+of doing》 / 〈U〉正しい方針(筋道,順序) / 〈U〉《the~》(身体の)組織,系統 / 〈U〉《the~,one's~》身体,全身

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/10/24 10:19:02」(JST)

wiki en

[Wiki en表示]

Spinothalamic tract
Spinothalamic tracts are grouped, in blue at bottom right.
Diagram of the principal fasciculi of the spinal cord. (Anterior and posterior spinothalamic fasciculus is labeled at bottom left.)
Details
Identifiers
Latin	Tractus spinothalamicus
NeuroNames	ancil-114
TA	A14.1.04.138
FMA	72644
Anatomical terms of neuroanatomy [edit on Wikidata]

The spinothalamic tract (also known as anterolateral system or the ventrolateral system) is a sensory pathway from the skin to the thalamus. From the ventral posterolateral nucleus in the thalamus, sensory information is relayed upward to the somatosensory cortex of the postcentral gyrus.

The spinothalamic tract consists of two adjacent pathways: anterior and lateral. The anterior spinothalamic tract carries information about crude touch. The lateral spinothalamic tract conveys pain and temperature.

In the spinal cord, the spinothalamic tract has somatotopic organization. This is the segmental organization of its cervical, thoracic, lumbar, and sacral components, which is arranged from most medial to most lateral respectively.

The pathway decussates at the level of the spinal cord, rather than in the brainstem like the posterior column-medial lemniscus pathway and lateral corticospinal tract.

Structure

There are two main parts of the spinothalamic tract (STT):

• The lateral spinothalamic tract transmits pain and temperature.
• The anterior spinothalamic tract (or ventral spinothalamic tract) transmits crude touch and firm pressure.

The spinothalamic tract, like the dorsal column-medial lemniscus tract, uses three neurons to convey sensory information from the periphery to conscious level at the cerebral cortex.

Pseudounipolar neurons in the dorsal root ganglion have axons that lead from the skin into the dorsal spinal cord where they ascend or descend one or two vertebral levels via Lissauer's tract and then synapse with secondary neurons in either the substantia gelatinosa of Rolando or the nucleus proprius. These secondary neurons are called tract cells.

The axons of the tract cells cross over (decussate) to the other side of the spinal cord via the anterior white commissure, and to the anterolateral corner of the spinal cord (hence the spinothalamic tract being part of the anterolateral system). Decussation usually occurs 1-2 spinal nerve segments above the point of entry. The axons travel up the length of the spinal cord into the brainstem, specifically the rostral ventromedial medulla.

Traveling up the brainstem, the tract moves dorsally. The neurons ultimately synapse with third-order neurons in several nuclei of the thalamus—including the medial dorsal, ventral posterior lateral, and ventral posterior medial nuclei. From there, signals go to the cingulate cortex, the primary somatosensory cortex, and insular cortex respectively.

Function

The types of sensory information transmitted via the spinothalamic tract are described as affective sensation. This means that the sensation is accompanied by a compulsion to act. For instance, an itch is accompanied by a need to scratch, and a painful stimulus makes us want to withdraw from the pain.

There are two sub-systems identified:

• Direct (for direct conscious appreciation of pain)
• Indirect (for affective and arousal impact of pain). Indirect projections include
  • Spino-Reticulo-Thalamo-Cortical (part of the ascending reticular arousal system, aka ARAS)
  • Spino-Mesencephalic-Limbic (for affective impact of pain).

Clinical significance

In contrast to the axons of second-order neurons in posterior column-medial lemniscus pathway, the axons of second-order neurons in the spinothalamic tracts cross at every segmental level in the spinal cord. This fact aids in determining whether a lesion is in the brain or the spinal cord. With lesions in the brain stem or higher, deficits of pain perception, touch sensation, and proprioception are all contralateral to the lesion. With spinal cord lesions, however, the deficit in pain perception is contralateral to the lesion, whereas the other deficits are ipsilateral. See Brown-Séquard syndrome.

Unilateral lesions usually cause contralateral anaesthesia (loss of pain and temperature). Anaesthesia will normally begin 1-2 segments below the level of lesion, affecting all caudal body areas. This is clinically tested by using pin pricks.

Anterolateral system

In the nervous system, the anterolateral system (ALS) is an ascending pathway that conveys pain, temperature (protopathic sensation), and crude touch from the periphery to the brain. It comprises three main pathways:

Name	Destination	Function
spinothalamic tract (lateral and anterior)	thalamus	important in the localization of painful or thermal stimuli
spinoreticular tract	reticular formation	causes alertness and arousal in response to painful stimuli
spinotectal tract	tectum	orients the eyes and head towards the stimuli

See also

This article uses anatomical terminology; for an overview, see Anatomical terminology.

• Rostral ventromedial medulla
• Periaqueductal gray
• Neothalamus

References

External links

UpToDate Contents

全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.

• 1. 二次性中枢神経系リンパ腫の臨床症状および診断 clinical presentation and diagnosis of secondary central nervous system lymphoma
• 2. 中枢神経系病変を有するHIV感染患者に対するアプローチ approach to hiv infected patients with central nervous system lesions
• 3. 成人における中枢神経系の原発性血管炎 primary angiitis of the central nervous system in adults
• 4. 心不全におけるアンギオテンシン変換酵素阻害剤およびアンギオテンシン受容体拮抗剤：作用機序 angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors and receptor blockers in heart failure mechanisms of action
• 5. 高血圧治療におけるレニン・アンギオテンシン系阻害 renin angiotensin system inhibition in the treatment of hypertension

English Journal

• Normal laser-evoked cortical responses in patients with chronic hemibody pain.

• Kirveskari E1,2,3, Vartiainen NV1, Kallio-Laine K4, Kalso E4,5, Forss N1,3,6.
• European journal of pain (London, England).Eur J Pain.2015 Sep;19(8):1168-76. doi: 10.1002/ejp.642. Epub 2014 Dec 18.
• BACKGROUND: Patients with widespread unilateral chronic pain associated with recurrent herpes simplex virus (HSV) infections show functional and/or structural changes in the insula, anterior cingulate cortex, frontal and prefrontal cortices, as well as the thalamus, suggesting central dysfunction of
• PMID 25523148

• Modulating the pain network--neurostimulation for central poststroke pain.

• Hosomi K1, Seymour B2, Saitoh Y1.
• Nature reviews. Neurology.Nat Rev Neurol.2015 May;11(5):290-9. doi: 10.1038/nrneurol.2015.58. Epub 2015 Apr 21.
• Central poststroke pain (CPSP) is one of the most under-recognized consequences of stroke, occurring in up to 10% of patients, and is also one of the most difficult to treat. The condition characteristically develops after selective lesions to the spinothalamic system, most often to the ventral post
• PMID 25896085

• Preserved sensory-motor function despite large-scale morphological alterations in a series of patients with holocord syringomyelia.

• Awai L1, Curt A.
• Journal of neurotrauma.J Neurotrauma.2015 Mar 15;32(6):403-10. doi: 10.1089/neu.2014.3536. Epub 2015 Jan 22.
• Although the central nervous system has a limited capacity for regeneration after acute brain and spinal cord injuries, it can reveal extensive morphological changes. Occasionally, the formation of an extensive syrinx in the spinal cord can be observed that causes no or only limited signs of functio
• PMID 25219978

Japanese Journal

• 脳腸相関とストレス

• 福土 審
• ストレス科学研究 28(0), 16-19, 2013
• … The axon of the lamina I neuron ascends the spinothalamic and spinoreticular tract. … Further research is warranted to solve the processing of normal visceral perception as well as pathophysiology in the central nervous system in IBS. …
• NAID 130004726008

• 生体機能のモデリングとフィジオーム : 痛覚伝導機構のモデリングと痛覚発現の数理解析

• 南谷 晴之
• 電気学会論文誌. C, 電子・情報・システム部門誌 = The transactions of the Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. C, A publication of Electronics, Information and System
• … The functional activities of spinothalamic and thalamocortical cells show a good agreement with the physiological and psychophysical functions of somatosensory system that are very instructive for covering the gap between physiologically and psychophysically aspects of pain and tactile sensation. …
• NAID 10019958044

• Central nervous control of micturition and urine storage

• , , ,
• 日本平滑筋学会機関誌 41(3), 117-132, 2005-06
• … One is the dorsal system and the other is the spinothalamic tract. …
• NAID 110002950124

Related Links

• Central Pain Pathways: The Spinothalamic Tract ...

Figure 10.3 Major pathways for pain (and temperature) sensation. (A) The spinothalamic system. (B) The trigeminal pain and temperature system, which ... Like the other sensory neurons in dorsal root ganglia, the central ...

• Spinothalamic Tract - Best Video Tutorial - Made Easy

The spinothalamic tract is a sensory pathway originating in the spinal cord. It is one component of the anterolateral system. It transmits information... ... Spinothalamic tract: The spinothalamic tract is a sensory pathway originating in ...

Related Pictures

---

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「脊髄視床路系」「脊髄視床系」
関連記事	「system」

「脊髄視床路系」

　　[★]

英

spinothalamic system

関

感覚系伝導路

「脊髄視床系」

　　[★]

関

脊髄視床路系 spinothalamic system

「system」

　　[★]

• n.

• 系、システム、体系、体制、方式

関

method、series、strain