WordNet

of or relating to a chorion; "a chorionic villus is a minute vascular projection on the fetal chorion"

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2012/11/03 08:16:09」(JST)

wiki en

In anatomy, serous membrane (or serosa) is a smooth membrane consisting of a thin layer of cells, which secrete serous fluid, and a thin connective tissue layer. Serous membranes line and enclose several body cavities, known as serous cavities, where they secrete a lubricating fluid which reduces friction from muscle movement. Serosa is not to be confused with adventitia, a connective tissue layer which binds together structures rather than reducing friction between them. The serous membrane covering the heart and lining the mediastinum is referred to as the pericardium, the serous membrane lining the thoracic cavity and surrounding the lungs is referred to as the pleura, and that lining the abdominopelvic cavity and the viscera is referred to as the peritoneum.

Structure

Each serous membrane is composed of a secretory epithelial layer and a connective tissue layer underneath.

The epithelial layer, known as mesothelium, consists of a single layer of avascular flat nucleated cells (simple squamous epithelium) which produce the lubricating serous fluid. This fluid has a consistency similar to thin mucus. These cells are bound tightly to the underlying connective tissue.
The connective tissue layer provides the blood vessels and nerves for the overlying secretory cells, and also serves as the binding layer which allows the whole serous membrane to adhere to organs and other structures.

For the heart, the surrounding serous membranes include:

Outer	Inner
Parietal pericardium	Visceral pericardium (epicardium)

Other parts of the body may also have specific names for these structures. For example, the serosa of the uterus is called the perimetrium.

Schematic diagram of an organ invaginating into a serous cavity

The pericardial cavity (surrounding the heart), pleural cavity (surrounding the lungs) and peritoneal cavity (surrounding most organs of the abdomen) are the three serous cavities within the human body. While serous membranes have a lubricative role to play in all three cavities, in the pleural cavity it has a greater role to play in the function of breathing.

The serous cavities are formed from the intraembryonic coelom and are basically an empty space within the body surrounded by serous membrane. Early in embryonic life visceral organs develop adjacent to a cavity and invaginate into the bag-like coelom. Therefore each organ becomes surrounded by serous membrane - they do not lie within the serous cavity. The layer in contact with the organ is known as the visceral layer, while the parietal layer is in contact with the body wall.

Embryological origins

All serous membranes found in the human body formed ultimately from the mesoderm of the trilaminar embryo. The trilaminar embryo consists of three relatively flat layers of ectoderm, endoderm (also known as "entoderm") and mesoderm.

As the embryo develops, the mesoderm starts to segment into three main regions: the paraxial mesoderm, the intermediate mesoderm and the lateral plate mesoderm.

The lateral plate mesoderm later splits in half to form two layers bounding a cavity known as the intraembryonic coelom. Individually, each layer is known as splanchnopleure and somatopleure.

The splanchnopleure is associated with the underlying endoderm which it is in contact with, and later becomes the serous membrane in contact with visceral organs within the body.
The somatopleure is associated with the overlying ectoderm and later becomes the serous membrane in contact with the body wall.

The intraembronic coelom can now be seen as a cavity within the body which is covered with serous membrane derived from the splanchnopleure. This cavity is divided and demarcated by the folding and development of the embryo, ultimately forming the serous cavities which house many different organs within the thorax and abdomen.

Additional images

Layers of stomach wall. 1. Serosa; 2. Tela subserosa; 3. Muscularis; 4. Oblique fibers of muscle wall; 5. Circular muscle layer; 6. Longitudinal muscle layer; 7. Submucosa; 8. Lamina muscularis mucosae; 9. Mucosa; 10. Lamina propria; 11. Epithelium; 12. Gastric glands; 13. Gastric pits; 14. Villous folds; 15. Gastric areas
Section of duodenum of cat. X 60.

References

External links

serosa at eMedicine Dictionary
BU Histology Learning System: 00102loa - "Tissues, Layers, and Organs: transverse section of rat gut"
Histology at OU 21_02 - "Uterus"
Histology at OU 54_07 - "Jejunum"
UIUC Histology Subject 844

UpToDate Contents

全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.

1. 癒着胎盤、嵌入胎盤、および穿通胎盤の臨床的特徴および診断 clinical features and diagnosis of the morbidly adherent placenta placenta accreta increta and percreta
2. 卵管内膜症 endosalpingiosis
3. ポリープ切除後の電気凝固症候群 postpolypectomy electrocoagulation syndrome
4. 帝王切開後の子宮離開および子宮破裂 uterine dehiscence and rupture after previous cesarean delivery
5. 超音波内視鏡検査：正常な食道の解剖学 endoscopic ultrasound anatomy of the normal esophagus

English Journal

Survival Analysis of Cancer Patients With FIGO Stage IIIA Endometrial Cancer.

Lum MM1, Belnap TW, Frandsen J, Brown AP, Sause WT, Soisson AP, Dodson MK, Werner T, Gaffney DK.
American journal of clinical oncology.Am J Clin Oncol.2015 Jun;38(3):283-8. doi: 10.1097/COC.0b013e31829c12be.
OBJECTIVE: Endometrial cancer patients with positive serosa and/or adnexae (FIGO stage IIIA) have a variable prognosis and are at a significant risk for recurrence. We investigated how tumor characteristics and adjuvant treatments influence the overall survival (OS) and recurrence patterns in these
PMID 23774072

Significance of trophoblastic infiltration into the tubal wall in ampullary pregnancy.

Erol O1, Suren D2, Unal B3, Ozel D3, Kumru S2, Sezer C2.
International journal of surgical pathology.Int J Surg Pathol.2015 Jun;23(4):271-6. doi: 10.1177/1066896915572682. Epub 2015 Feb 20.
A total of 81patients with an ampullary ectopic pregnancy undergoing salpingectomy were enrolled in the study. The ampullary pregnancies were classified according to the depth of trophoblastic infiltration into tubal wall as follows: Stage I, limited to mucosa; Stage II, extension to the tubal muscu
PMID 25710937

US-based Real-time Elastography for the Detection of Fibrotic Gut Tissue in Patients with Stricturing Crohn Disease.

Baumgart DC1, Müller HP, Grittner U, Metzke D, Fischer A, Guckelberger O, Pascher A, Sack I, Vieth M, Rudolph B.
Radiology.Radiology.2015 Jun;275(3):889-99. doi: 10.1148/radiol.14141929. Epub 2015 Feb 6.
Purpose To assess whether ultrasonography (US)-based real-time elastography (RTE) can be used to detect gut fibrosis. Materials and Methods In this institutional review board-approved, prospective, proof-of-concept study, unaffected and affected gut segments in 10 patients with Crohn disease (four w
PMID 25668520

Japanese Journal

症例漿膜側脂肪組織の内翻によりMeckel憩室が先進部となって発症した成人腸重積症の腹腔鏡下手術の1例

外科 = Surgey : 臨床雑誌 77(2), 206-209, 2015-02
NAID 40020336346

鼻前庭に発生したsolitary fibrous tumor例

耳鼻咽喉科臨床 108(12), 919-923, 2015
NAID 130005112247

Primary diffuse malignant peritoneal mesothelioma in a striped skunk (Mephitis mephitis)

Journal of Veterinary Medical Science advpub(0), 2015
NAID 130005108493

Related Pictures

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「chorionic」「漿膜」
拡張検索	「serosal」
関連記事	「sero」

「chorionic」

Serous Membrane
	Layers of the enteric nervous system. (Serosa at the bottom)
	Stomach. (Serosa is labeled at far right, and is colored yellow.)
Latin	tunica serosa
System	Micah Goodson
Precursor	mesoderm
MeSH	Serous+membrane