続発性パーキンソン症候群、二次性パーキンソン症候群

関: secondary Parkinson disease

WordNet

not of major importance; "played a secondary role in world events"
the defensive football players who line up behind the linemen
being of second rank or importance or value; not direct or immediate; "the stone will be hauled to a secondary crusher"; "a secondary source"; "a secondary issue"; "secondary streams"
belonging to a lower class or rank
depending on or incidental to what is original or primary; "a secondary infection"

PrepTutorEJDIC

『第2の』,2番目の;(…の)次の《+『to』+『名』》 / 派生的な,二次的な,あまり重要でない / 中等学校[教育]の / 二次電流の

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/04/26 00:53:43」(JST)

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[Wiki en表示]

Parkinsonism (also known as Parkinson's syndrome, atypical Parkinson's, or secondary Parkinson's) is a neurological syndrome (not the specific disease) characterized by tremor, hypokinesia, rigidity, and postural instability.^[1] The underlying causes of parkinsonism are numerous, and diagnosis can be complex.^[2]^[3] The neurodegenerative condition Parkinson's disease (PD) is the most common cause of parkinsonism. However, a wide range of other etiologies may lead to a similar set of symptoms, including some toxins, a few metabolic diseases, and a handful of non-PD neurological conditions.^[4]

The age of the person presenting with parkinsonism is significant. A 20 year old person might present with Parkinsonism. Younger patients should be checked for the many causes of parkinsonism listed in the differential etiology below, including Wilson disease and not immediately be given the diagnosis of Parkinson "disease".^[5] However, Juvenile Parkinson disease can cause parkinsonism in a child or young adult. In contrast a 60 year old person might present with Parkinsonism, at first be diagnosed with Parkinson Disease, then determined to have a Parkinson plus syndrome.^[6]

About 7% of people with parkinsonism have developed their symptoms following treatment with particular medications. Side effect of medications, mainly neuroleptic antipsychotics especially the phenothiazines (such as perphenazine and chlorpromazine), thioxanthenes (such as flupenthixol and zuclopenthixol) and butyrophenones (such as haloperidol (Haldol)), piperazines (such as ziprasidone), and, rarely, antidepressants. The incidence of drug-induced parkinsonism increases with age. Drug induced parkinsonism tends to remain at it's presenting level, i.e. does not progress like the parkinson disease.^[7]

Etiology

Before Parkinson's disease is diagnosed the differential diagnosis or list of potential causes for Parkinsonism must be investigated and includes:

AIDS can sometimes lead to the symptoms of secondary parkinsonism, due to commonly causing dopaminergic dysfunction. Indeed Parkinsonism can be a presenting feature of HIV infection.^[8]
Corticobasal degeneration^[1]
Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease^[9]
Dementia pugilistica or "boxer's dementia" is a condition that occurs in boxers due to chronic brain trauma
Diffuse Lewy body disease^[1]
Drug-induced parkinsonism ("pseudoparkinsonism") due to drugs such as antipsychotics, metoclopramide, MPTP^[1]^[10]
Encephalitis lethargica^[1]
Multiple system atrophy^[11]
Pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration (Hallervorden-Spatz syndrome)^[12]
Parkinson plus syndrome
Progressive supranuclear palsy^[1]
Toxicity due to substances such as carbon monoxide,^[13] carbon disulfide,^[13] manganese,^[13] paraquat,^[14] mercury,^[15] hexane, rotenone, and toluene^[16] (Inhalant abuse: "huffing")^[17]
Vascular parkinsonism^[18]^[19]
Wilson's disease is a genetic disorder in which there is an abnormal accumulation of copper. The excess copper can lead to the formation of a copper-dopamine complex, which leads to the oxidation of dopamine to aminochrome.^[20] The most common manifestations include: bradykinesia, cogwheel rigidity ^[21] and a lack of balance.^[22]
Paraneoplastic syndrome. Neurological symptoms caused by antibodies associated with various cancers
Neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation (NBIA), A.K.A. Hallervorden-Spatz disease^[23]
Genetic
- Rapid onset dystonia parkinsonism (DYT12)
- Parkin mutation
- X-linked dystonia parkinsonism (DYT3)
- Autosomal recessive juvenile parkinsonism (ARJP)

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Aminoff MJ, Greenberg DA, Simon RP (2005). Clinical Neurology (6th ed.). Lange: McGraw-Hill Medical. pp. 241–5. ISBN 0-07-142360-5.
^ Rao G, Fisch L, Srinivasan S, et al. Does this patient have Parkinson disease? JAMA. 2003;289(3):347-353. PMID: 12525236
^ Tuite PJ, Krawczewski K (2007). "Parkinsonism: a review-of-systems approach to diagnosis". Seminars in neurology 27 (2): 113–22. doi:10.1055/s-2007-971174. PMID 17390256.
^ Christine CW, Aminoff MJ (2004). "Clinical differentiation of parkinsonian syndromes: prognostic and therapeutic relevance". Am. J. Med. 117 (6): 412–9. doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2004.03.032. PMID 15380498.
^ http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1153622-overview
^ http://www.emedicinehealth.com/parkinson_disease/article_em.htm#parkinsons_disease_definition_and_overview
^ http://www.parkinsons.org.uk/PDF/FS38_druginducedparkinsonism.pdf
^ Tse W, Cersosimo MG, Gracies JM et al. (2004). "Movement disorders and AIDS: a review". Parkinsonism Relat. Disord. 10 (6): 323–34. doi:10.1016/j.parkreldis.2004.03.001. PMID 15261874.
^ Maltête D, Guyant-Maréchal L, Mihout B, Hannequin D (2006). "Movement disorders and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease: a review". Parkinsonism Relat. Disord. 12 (2): 65–71. doi:10.1016/j.parkreldis.2005.10.004. PMID 16364674.
^ Watanabe Y, Himeda T, Araki T (2005). "Mechanisms of MPTP toxicity and their implications for therapy of Parkinson's disease" (PDF). Med. Sci. Monit. 11 (1): RA17–23. PMID 15614202.
^ Wenning GK, Geser F (2003). "Multiple system atrophy". Rev. Neurol. (Paris) 159 (5 Pt 2): 3S31–8. PMID 12773886.
^ Uc EY, Rodnitzky RL (2003). "Childhood dystonia". Seminars in pediatric neurology 10 (1): 52–61. doi:10.1016/S1071-9091(02)00010-4. PMID 12785748.
^ ^a ^b ^c DeLong MR, Juncos JL (2004). Parkinson's Disease and Other Movement Disorders. In: Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine (16th ed.). McGraw-Hill Professional. p. 2414. ISBN 0-07-140235-7.
^ Dinis-Oliveira RJ, Remião F, Carmo H et al. (2006). "Paraquat exposure as an etiological factor of Parkinson's disease". Neurotoxicology 27 (6): 1110–22. doi:10.1016/j.neuro.2006.05.012. PMID 16815551.
^ Tremor/InvoluntaryMovements: Excerpt from Field Guide to Bedside Diagnosis
^ Weiss J. Chapter 151. Toluene and Xylene. In: Olson KR, ed. Poisoning & Drug Overdose. 6th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill; 2012. http://www.accessmedicine.com/content.aspx?aID=55982958. Accessed April 21, 2013.
^ http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ana.410350516/abstract
^ Thanvi B, Lo N, Robinson T (2005). "Vascular Parkinsonism--an important cause of parkinsonism in older people" (PDF). Age and ageing 34 (2): 114–9. doi:10.1093/ageing/afi025. PMID 15713855.
^ http://parkinsonsdiseasefoundation.blogspot.com/2012/08/vascular-parkinsonism.html
^ Członkowska A, Tarnacka B, Möller JC et al. (2007). "Unified Wilson's Disease Rating Scale — a proposal for the neurological scoring of Wilson's disease patients". Neurol. Neurochir. Pol. 41 (1): 1–12. PMID 17330175.
^ Ropper AH, Samuels MA. Chapter 4. Abnormalities of Movement and Posture Caused by Disease of the Basal Ganglia. In: Ropper AH, Samuels MA, eds. Adams and Victor's Principles of Neurology. 9th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill; 2009. http://www.accessmedicine.com/content.aspx?aID=3630437. Accessed April 21, 2013.
^ Lorincz MT (January 2010). "Neurologic Wilson's disease". Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 1184: 173–87. doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.05109.x. PMID 20146697.
^ Online 'Mendelian Inheritance in Man' (OMIM) NEURODEGENERATION WITH BRAIN IRON ACCUMULATION 1; NBIA1 -234200

External links

GeneReviews/NIH/NCBI/UW entry on Perry syndrome
GeneReviews/NCBI/NIH/UW entry on X-Linked Dystonia-Parkinsonism

UpToDate Contents

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1. パーキンソン病の診断 diagnosis of parkinson disease
2. 統合失調症に対する薬物療法：副作用マネージメント pharmacotherapy for schizophrenia side effect management
3. Functional movement disorders
4. Cognitive impairment and dementia in Parkinson disease
5. パーキンソン病の薬理学的治療 pharmacologic treatment of parkinson disease

English Journal

Proteomic profiling of lymphedema development in mouse model.

Lee J1, Song H2,3, Roh K4, Cho S4, Lee S4, Yeom CH3, Park S2.
Cell biochemistry and function.Cell Biochem Funct.2016 Jul;34(5):317-25. doi: 10.1002/cbf.3192. Epub 2016 May 5.
The lymphatic vascular system plays an important role in tissue fluid homeostasis. Lymphedema is a chronic, progressive, and incurable condition that leads to lymphatic fluid retention; it may be primary (heritable) or secondary (acquired) in nature. Although there is a growing understanding of lymp
PMID 27151289

A Randomized Controlled Exploratory Pilot Study to Evaluate the Effect of Rotigotine Transdermal Patch on Parkinson's Disease-Associated Chronic Pain.

Rascol O1, Zesiewicz T2, Chaudhuri KR3, Asgharnejad M4, Surmann E5, Dohin E6, Nilius S5, Bauer L5.
Journal of clinical pharmacology.J Clin Pharmacol.2016 Jul;56(7):852-61. doi: 10.1002/jcph.678. Epub 2015 Dec 31.
Pain is a troublesome nonmotor symptom of Parkinson's disease (PD). This double-blind exploratory pilot study (NCT01744496) was the first to specifically investigate the effect of a dopamine agonist on PD-associated pain as primary outcome. Patients with advanced PD (ie, receiving levodopa) and at l
PMID 26626320

Rotigotine transdermal patch in Chinese patients with early Parkinson's disease: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pivotal study.

Zhang ZX1, Shang HF2, Hu X3, Chen S4, Zhao Z5, Du X6, Surmann E7, Bauer L8, Asgharnejad M9.
Parkinsonism & related disorders.Parkinsonism Relat Disord.2016 Jul;28:49-55. doi: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2016.04.022. Epub 2016 Apr 27.
INTRODUCTION: Two phase3 studies (SP512; SP513) involving mostly Caucasian patients showed that rotigotine (≤8 mg/24 h) was efficacious and welltolerated in early-stage Parkinson's disease (PD). We report results from a phase 3 study (SP0914/NCT01646268) investigating rotigotine in Chinese patien
PMID 27172830

Japanese Journal

Severe Parkinsonism Following Endoscopic Third Ventriculostomy for Non-communicating Hydrocephalus : Case Report

AKIYAMA Takenori,TANIZAKI Yoshio,AKAJI Kazunori,HIRAGA Kenji,AKIYAMA Takekazu,TAKAO Masaki,OHIRA Takayuki
Neurologia medico-chirurgica = 神経外科 51(1), 60-63, 2011-01-15
… Postoperatively, the patient developed robust rigidity and akinesia with mutism, suggesting secondary parkinsonism. …
NAID 10028104661

松果体 yolk sac tumor の治療経過中にパーキンソン症候群を発症した男児例

大坪慶輔,金兼弘和,野村恵子,浜田秀雄,栗本昌紀,道具伸浩,田中耕太郎,宮脇利男
日本小児血液学会雑誌 24(3), 150-154, 2010-06-30
NAID 10029311616

中脳出血の後,対側上下肢にパーキンソン病様症候を呈した1例

井上治久,宇高不可思,高橋牧郎,西中和人,亀山正邦
臨床神経学 37(3), 266-269, 1997-03-01
NAID 10008319116

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リンク元	「二次性パーキンソン症候群」「secondary Parkinson disease」「続発性パーキンソン症候群」
関連記事	「secondary」「parkinsonism」

「二次性パーキンソン症候群」

Parkinsonism
	Classification and external resources
ICD-10	G20-G21
ICD-9	332
DiseasesDB	24212
MedlinePlus	000759
MeSH	D020734

　　[★]

英: secondary parkinsonism
関: 続発性パーキンソン症候群、続発性パーキンソン病

「secondary Parkinson disease」

　　[★]

続発性パーキンソン病、二次性パーキンソン病

関: secondary parkinsonism

「続発性パーキンソン症候群」

　　[★]

英: secondary parkinsonism
関: 二次性パーキンソン症候群

「secondary」

　　[★]

adj.

(地位・価値・重要性などが)第2の、2番目の、(～の)次の(to)。二次的な、従位の

Postmortem examination of patients with such obstructions without a history of clinical manifestations of myocardial ischemia often shows macroscopic scars secondary to MI in regions supplied by diseased coronary arteries, with or without collateral circulation.

in the past the commonest cause of death has been venous thrombosis followed by infection secondary to severe neutropenia and hemorrhage secondary to severe thrombocytopenia.(HIM.661)(重度の好中球減少に次ぐ感染と血小板減少に次ぐ出血に続発する静脈血栓症が昔の最も一般的な死因であった)

副次的な(発生などが)派生的な

「parkinsonism」

　　[★] パーキンソン症候群

[Aminoff_2005-1] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Aminoff MJ, Greenberg DA, Simon RP (2005). Clinical Neurology (6th ed.). Lange: McGraw-Hill Medical. pp. 241–5. ISBN 0-07-142360-5.

[2] Rao G, Fisch L, Srinivasan S, et al. Does this patient have Parkinson disease? JAMA. 2003;289(3):347-353. PMID: 12525236

[3] Tuite PJ, Krawczewski K (2007). "Parkinsonism: a review-of-systems approach to diagnosis". Seminars in neurology 27 (2): 113–22. doi:10.1055/s-2007-971174. PMID 17390256.

[4] Christine CW, Aminoff MJ (2004). "Clinical differentiation of parkinsonian syndromes: prognostic and therapeutic relevance". Am. J. Med. 117 (6): 412–9. doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2004.03.032. PMID 15380498.

[5] ttp://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1153622-overview

[6] ttp://www.emedicinehealth.com/parkinson_disease/article_em.htm#parkinsons_disease_definition_and_overview

[7] ttp://www.parkinsons.org.uk/PDF/FS38_druginducedparkinsonism.pdf

[8] Tse W, Cersosimo MG, Gracies JM et al. (2004). "Movement disorders and AIDS: a review". Parkinsonism Relat. Disord. 10 (6): 323–34. doi:10.1016/j.parkreldis.2004.03.001. PMID 15261874.

[9] Maltête D, Guyant-Maréchal L, Mihout B, Hannequin D (2006). "Movement disorders and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease: a review". Parkinsonism Relat. Disord. 12 (2): 65–71. doi:10.1016/j.parkreldis.2005.10.004. PMID 16364674.

[Watanabe_2005-10] Watanabe Y, Himeda T, Araki T (2005). "Mechanisms of MPTP toxicity and their implications for therapy of Parkinson's disease" (PDF). Med. Sci. Monit. 11 (1): RA17–23. PMID 15614202.

[11] Wenning GK, Geser F (2003). "Multiple system atrophy". Rev. Neurol. (Paris) 159 (5 Pt 2): 3S31–8. PMID 12773886.

[Uc_2003-12] Uc EY, Rodnitzky RL (2003). "Childhood dystonia". Seminars in pediatric neurology 10 (1): 52–61. doi:10.1016/S1071-9091(02)00010-4. PMID 12785748.

[Harrison-13] DeLong MR, Juncos JL (2004). Parkinson's Disease and Other Movement Disorders. In: Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine (16th ed.). McGraw-Hill Professional. p. 2414. ISBN 0-07-140235-7.

[14] Dinis-Oliveira RJ, Remião F, Carmo H et al. (2006). "Paraquat exposure as an etiological factor of Parkinson's disease". Neurotoxicology 27 (6): 1110–22. doi:10.1016/j.neuro.2006.05.012. PMID 16815551.

[15] Tremor/InvoluntaryMovements: Excerpt from Field Guide to Bedside Diagnosis

[16] Weiss J. Chapter 151. Toluene and Xylene. In: Olson KR, ed. Poisoning & Drug Overdose. 6th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill; 2012. http://www.accessmedicine.com/content.aspx?aID=55982958. Accessed April 21, 2013.

[17] ttp://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ana.410350516/abstract

[18] Thanvi B, Lo N, Robinson T (2005). "Vascular Parkinsonism--an important cause of parkinsonism in older people" (PDF). Age and ageing 34 (2): 114–9. doi:10.1093/ageing/afi025. PMID 15713855.

[19] ttp://parkinsonsdiseasefoundation.blogspot.com/2012/08/vascular-parkinsonism.html

[20] Członkowska A, Tarnacka B, Möller JC et al. (2007). "Unified Wilson's Disease Rating Scale — a proposal for the neurological scoring of Wilson's disease patients". Neurol. Neurochir. Pol. 41 (1): 1–12. PMID 17330175.

[21] Ropper AH, Samuels MA. Chapter 4. Abnormalities of Movement and Posture Caused by Disease of the Basal Ganglia. In: Ropper AH, Samuels MA, eds. Adams and Victor's Principles of Neurology. 9th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill; 2009. http://www.accessmedicine.com/content.aspx?aID=3630437. Accessed April 21, 2013.

[22] Lorincz MT (January 2010). "Neurologic Wilson's disease". Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 1184: 173–87. doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.05109.x. PMID 20146697.

[23] Online 'Mendelian Inheritance in Man' (OMIM) NEURODEGENERATION WITH BRAIN IRON ACCUMULATION 1; NBIA1 -234200

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secondary parkinsonism