斜角筋
WordNet
- take by attacking with scaling ladders; "The troops scaled the walls of the fort"
- a specialized leaf or bract that protects a bud or catkin (同)scale leaf
- an ordered reference standard; "judging on a scale of 1 to 10" (同)scale of measurement, graduated table, ordered series
- relative magnitude; "they entertained on a grand scale"
- size or measure according to a scale; "This model must be scaled down"
- the ratio between the size of something and a representation of it; "the scale of the map"; "the scale of the model"
- a measuring instrument for weighing; shows amount of mass (同)weighing machine
- a flattened rigid plate forming part of the body covering of many animals
- an indicator having a graduated sequence of marks
- (music) a series of notes differing in pitch according to a specific scheme (usually within an octave) (同)musical scale
- a thin flake of dead epidermis shed from the surface of the skin (同)scurf, exfoliation
- remove the scales from; "scale fish" (同)descale
- reach the highest point of; "We scaled the Mont Blanc" (同)surmount
- climb up by means of a ladder
- measure by or as if by a scale; "This bike scales only 25 pounds"
- measure with or as if with scales; "scale the gold"
- pattern, make, regulate, set, measure, or estimate according to some rate or standard
- make ones way by force; "He muscled his way into the office"
- animal tissue consisting predominantly of contractile cells (同)muscular_tissue
- one of the contractile organs of the body (同)musculus
- authority or power or force (especially when used in a coercive way); "the senators used their muscle to get the party leader to resign"
- of or relating to any of the scalene muscles
- of a triangle having three sides of different lengths
PrepTutorEJDIC
- 《しばしば複数形で》『てんびん』,はかり / てんびんのさら / 《重量を表す副詞[句]を伴って》…の目方(体重)がある / …‘を'てんびんではかる
- (蛇・魚類などの)うろこ / うろこ状の物;(ペンキ・さび・ふけなどの)爆片 / 〈魚など〉‘の'うろこを取る;…‘の'皮をはぐ / (…から)〈ペンキなどの薄泰〉‘を'そぎ取る《+『名』+『off』(『from』)+『名』》 / (…から)〈ペンキなどが〉かげ落ちる《+『off』(『from』)+『名』》
- 『段階』,等級,階級 / 『比率』,縮尺 / (物差しなどの)『目盛り』 / (目盛りの付いた)『物差し』;温度計,(各種の)スケール / 『規模』,スケール / 音階 / 記数法,…進法 / …‘を'よじ登る / (…に合わせて)…‘を'調整する《+『名』+『to』+『名』》 / …‘を'縮尺で製図(設計)する
- 〈U〉(動物体の組織としての)『筋肉』,筋(きん);〈C〉(体の各部を動かす)筋肉 / 〈U〉力,(特に)筋力,腕力 / 《俗に》(…に)強引に割り込む《+『in on』(『into, through』)+『名』》
Wikipedia preview
出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/05/21 17:06:02」(JST)
[Wiki en表示]
| Scalene muscles |
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| The anterior vertebral muscles. |
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| Section of the neck at about the level of the sixth cervical vertebra. Showing the arrangement of the fascia coli. |
| Origin |
Cervical vertebrae (CII-CVII) |
| Insertion |
First and second ribs |
| Artery |
Ascending cervical artery
(branch of Inferior thyroid artery) |
| Nerve |
Cervical nerves (C3-C6) |
| Actions |
Elevation of first and second ribs |
The scalene muscles (from Greek σκαληνός, or skalenos, meaning uneven[1]) are a group of three pairs of muscles in the lateral neck, namely the scalenus anterior, scalenus medius, and scalenus posterior. They are innervated by the fourth, fifth, and sixth cervical spinal nerves (C4-C6).
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Contents
- 1 Origin and insertion
- 2 Function
- 3 Relations
- 4 Clinical relevance
- 5 See also
- 6 Additional images
- 7 References
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Origin and insertion [edit]
They originate from the transverse processes from the cervical vertebrae of C2 to C7 and insert onto the first and second ribs. Thus they are called the lateral vertebral muscles.[2]
Function [edit]
The action of the anterior and middle scalene muscles is to elevate the first rib and laterally flex (bend) the neck to the same side;[3] the action of the posterior scalene is to elevate the second rib and tilt the neck to the same side.
They also act as accessory muscles of inspiration, along with the sternocleidomastoids.
Relations [edit]
The scalene muscles have an important relationship to other structures in the neck. The brachial plexus and subclavian artery pass between the anterior and middle scalenes.[4] The subclavian vein and phrenic nerve pass anteriorly to the anterior scalene as the muscle crosses over the first rib. The phrenic nerve is oriented vertically as it passes in front of the anterior scalene, while the subclavian vein is oriented horizontally as it passes in front of the anterior scalene muscle.[4]
The passing of the brachial plexus and the subclavian artery through the space of the anterior and middle scalene muscles constitute the scalene hiatus (the term "scalene fissure" is also used). The region in which this lies is referred to as the scaleotracheal fossa. It is bound by the clavicle inferior anteriorly, the trachea medially, posteriorly by the trapezius, and anteriorly by the platysma muscle.
Clinical relevance [edit]
Since the nerves of the brachial plexus pass through the space between the anterior and middle scalene muscles, that area is sometimes targeted with the administration of regional anesthesia by physicians. The nerve block, called an interscalene block, may be performed prior to arm or shoulder surgery.[5]
See also [edit]
- Muscles
- List of muscles of the human body
- Accessory muscles of respiration
Additional images [edit]
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Scalene muscles. Muscles of the neck. Lateral view.
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Scalene muscles. Muscles of the neck. Lateral view.
References [edit]
- ^ Mosby’s Medical, Nursing and Allied Health Dictionary, Fourth Edition, Mosby-Year Book Inc., 1994, p. 1395
- ^ Henry Gray (1913). "Anatomy: Descriptive and Applied".
- ^ Buford JA, Yoder SM, Heiss DG, Chidley JV (Oct 2002). "Actions of the scalene muscles for rotation of the cervical spine in macaque and human". J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 32 (10): 488–96. PMID 12403200.
- ^ a b Albertine, David A. Morton, K. Bo Foreman, Kurt H. (2011). "Chapter 25: Overview of the Neck, Muscles of the Neck". Gross anatomy: the big picture. New York: McGraw-Hill. ISBN 978-0071476720.
- ^ Graber, Raymound. "Interscalene Nerve Block". WebMD, LLC. Medscape. Retrieved 10 December 2012.
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List of muscles of head and neck: the neck (TA A04.2, GA 4.387)
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| Cervical |
CN VII (superficial, PC): platysma
CN XI (deep): sternocleidomastoid
C1–C6 (anterior): Prevertebral muscles: longus (capitis, colli)
C3–C8 (lateral): scalene (anterior, medius, posterior)
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| Suboccipital |
C1: rectus capitis posterior (major, minor) · obliquus capitis (inferior, superior)
C1–C6 (anterior): Prevertebral muscles: rectus capitis (anterior, lateralis)
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| Suprahyoid |
CN V3 (medial): mylohyoid · anterior belly of digastric
CN VII (lateral): stylohyoid · posterior belly of digastric
C1 (deep): geniohyoid
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| Infrahyoid/strap |
C1: thyrohyoid
C1–C3: sternohyoid · sternothyroid · omohyoid
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| Fasciae |
Deep cervical fascia (Pretracheal fascia, Prevertebral fascia, Investing layer) · Carotid sheath · Alar fascia
pharynx: Buccopharyngeal fascia · Pharyngobasilar fascia
Palatine aponeurosis
Pharyngeal raphe
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| Pharynx |
pharyngeal constrictor (superior, middle, inferior) · longitudinal (stylopharyngeus, salpingopharyngeus)
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| Larynx |
cricothyroid · cricoarytenoid (posterior, lateral) · arytenoid (oblique arytenoid/aryepiglottic, transverse arytenoid) · thyroarytenoid (vocal, thyroepiglottic)
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anat (h/n, u, t/d, a/p, l)/phys/devp/hist
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noco (m, s, c)/cong (d)/tumr, sysi/epon, injr
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UpToDate Contents
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English Journal
- Marked lateral deviation of the phrenic nerve due to variant origin and course of the thyrocervical trunk: a cadaveric study.
- Ogami K1,2, Saiki K3, Okamoto K3, Wakebe T3, Manabe Y4, Imamura T3, Tsurumoto T3.
- Surgical and radiologic anatomy : SRA.Surg Radiol Anat.2015 Oct 5. [Epub ahead of print]
- Phrenic nerve impairment can often lead to serious respiratory disorders under various pathological conditions. During routine dissection of an 88-year-old Japanese male cadaver, a victim of heart failure, we recognized an extremely rare variation of the right thyrocervical trunk arising from the su
- PMID 26438272
- Cervical Muscle Strength and Muscle Coactivation During Isometric Contractions in Patients With Migraine: A Cross-Sectional Study.
- Florencio LL1, de Oliveira AS1, Carvalho GF1, Tolentino GA1, Dach F2, Bigal ME3, Fernández-de-Las-Peñas C4, Bevilaqua Grossi D1.
- Headache.Headache.2015 Sep 21. doi: 10.1111/head.12644. [Epub ahead of print]
- OBJECTIVES: This cross-sectional study investigated potential differences in cervical musculature in groups of migraine headaches vs. non-headache controls. Differences in cervical muscle strength and antagonist coactivation during maximal isometric voluntary contraction (MIVC) were analyzed between
- PMID 26388193
- TMS-evoked silent periods in scalene and parasternal intercostal muscles during voluntary breathing.
- Luu BL1, Saboisky JP1, Taylor JL1, Gandevia SC1, Butler JE2.
- Respiratory physiology & neurobiology.Respir Physiol Neurobiol.2015 Sep 15;216:15-22. doi: 10.1016/j.resp.2015.05.010. Epub 2015 May 27.
- Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) during voluntary muscle contraction causes a period of reduced electromyographic (EMG) activity (EMG). This is attributed to cortical inhibition and is known as the 'silent period'. Silent periods were compared in inspiratory muscles following TMS during volun
- PMID 26025647
Japanese Journal
- Marked lateral deviation of the phrenic nerve due to variant origin and course of the thyrocervical trunk: a cadaveric study
- 原発性鎖骨下静脈血栓症（Paget-Schroetter 症候群）の1 例
- バドミントン競技選手における肩関節周囲筋の疼痛に関する考察
Related Links
- The scalene muscles are lateral vertebral muscles that begin at the first and second ribs and pass up into the sides of the neck. There are three of these muscles. (1) The scalenus anterior muscle, which, when the neck is fixed ...
- The scalene muscles are three paired muscles of the neck, located in the front on either side of the throat, just lateral to the sternocleidomastoid. There is an anterior scalene (scalenus anterior), a medial scalene (scalenus medius ...
★リンクテーブル★
[★]
- 英
- carotid artery
- ラ
- arteria carotis
- 同
- 頸動脈
- 関
- 外頸動脈
頚動脈
止血点
The sixth cervical vertebra is a critical boundary of the root of the neck. To enter the neck from the chest, the vascular structures pass through a ringlike opening bounded by the scalene muscles laterally, the sternum and first ribs anteriorly, and the vertebrae(notably C6)
[★]
- 1. (魚・は虫類の)うろこ。(チョウ・ガの)鱗粉。(皮膚の)鱗屑。薄片。(植物)芽鱗、鱗片。(動物)カイガラムシ。(金属を熱したときにできる)薄い酸化膜、スケール。(ボイラーややかんの内側にできる)湯垢。歯石。
- 2. 目盛り、定規、物差し、尺度、基準。(地図などの)縮尺比、縮尺目盛り。階級、等級。規模、スケール
- 3. はかり、てんびん
[★]
- (三角形が)不等辺の、(円錐が)斜軸の。(解)斜角筋の
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