人里植物

WordNet

place something or someone in a certain position in order to secretly observe or deceive; "Plant a spy in Moscow"; "plant bugs in the dissidents apartment"
(botany) a living organism lacking the power of locomotion (同)flora, plant life
buildings for carrying on industrial labor; "they built a large plant to manufacture automobiles" (同)works, industrial plant
an actor situated in the audience whose acting is rehearsed but seems spontaneous to the audience
something planted secretly for discovery by another; "the police used a plant to trick the thieves"; "he claimed that the evidence against him was a plant"
put firmly in the mind; "Plant a thought in the students minds" (同)implant
put or set (seeds, seedlings, or plants) into the ground; "Lets plant flowers in the garden" (同)set
place into a river; "plant fish"
make plans for something; "He is planning a trip with his family"
scale drawing of a structure; "the plans for City Hall were on file" (同)architectural plan
a series of steps to be carried out or goals to be accomplished; "they drew up a six-step plan"; "they discussed plans for a new bond issue" (同)program, programme
have the will and intention to carry out some action; "He plans to be in graduate school next year"; "The rebels had planned turmoil and confusion" (同)be after
make or work out a plan for; devise; "They contrived to murder their boss"; "design a new sales strategy"; "plan an attack" (同)project, contrive, design
putting seeds or young plants in the ground to grow; "the planting of corn is hard work"
the act of fixing firmly in place; "he ordered the planting of policemen outside every doorway"
a collection of plants (trees or shrubs or flowers) in a particular area; "the landscape architect suggested a small planting in the northwest corner"
set in the soil for growth

PrepTutorEJDIC

(動物に対して)『植物』,草木・(樹木に対して)『草』,草本(そうほん)( 木部があまり発達せず地上部が一年で枯れる植物)・苗,苗木・生産設備,工場,プラント設備,装置・《俗》(人をおとしいれる)わな,おとり / 〈苗など〉‘を'『植える』,〈種〉‘を'まく・(植物を) ‘に'植える《+『名』+『with』+『名』》 / (…に)〈思想など〉‘を'植えつける《+『名』+『in』+『名』》・《場所の副詞[句]を伴って》(ある場所)…‘を'しっかりと置く(すえる,立てる) / ・〈工場・生産設備など〉‘を'建設する・《俗》〈スパイ〉‘を'送りこむ,〈わな〉‘を'仕掛ける・（嫌疑がかかるように）こっそり置く
『計画』,『案』,プラン,設計 / 『設計図』,『図面』;(小区域の)地図,市街図 / …‘を'『計画する』,‘の'案を立てる / …の設計図をかく,‘を'設計する / 計画を立てる

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2019/06/28 01:36:59」(JST)

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A single-species ruderal community of Dittrichia viscosa on gravel near Petah Tikva-Sgula railway station, Israel. (Compare with mixed-species image below.)

A ruderal species is a plant species that is first to colonize disturbed lands. The disturbance may be natural – for example, wildfires or avalanches – or a consequence of human activity, such as construction (of roads, of buildings, mining, etc.) or agriculture (abandoned fields, irrigation, etc.).

The word ruderal comes from the Latin rudus rubble.

Ruderal species typically dominate the disturbed area for a few years, gradually losing the competition to other native species. However, in extreme disturbance circumstances, such as when the natural topsoil is covered with a foreign substance, a single-species ruderal community may become permanently established. In addition, some ruderal invasive species may have such a competitive advantage over the native species that they, too, may permanently prevent a disturbed area from returning to its original state despite natural topsoil.

Features

Features contributing to a species' success as ruderal are:

Massive seed production
Seedlings whose nutritional requirements are modest
Fast-growing roots^{[citation needed]}
Independence of mycorrhizae^{[citation needed]}
Polyploidy

Quantification

Ecologists have proposed various scales for quantifying ruderality, which can be defined as the "ability to thrive where there is disturbance through partial or total destruction of plant biomass" (Grime, Hodgson & Hunt, 1988).^[1] The ruderality scale of Grime presents values that are readily available, and it takes into account disturbance factors as well as other indicators such as the annual or perennial character of the plants.

References

^ Hill, M.O.; Roy, D.B.; Thompson, K. (2002). "Hemeroby, urbanity and ruderality: bioindicators of disturbance and human impact". Journal of Applied Ecology. 39 (5): 708–720. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2664.2002.00746.x.

External links

Media related to Ruderal species at Wikimedia Commons
St. John TV. 1987. SOIL DISTURBANCE AND THE MINERAL NUTRITION OF NATIVE PLANTS in Proceedings of the 2nd Native Plant Revegetation Symposium
Chapin. FS. III. 1980. The mineral nutrition of wild plants. Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst., 11:233-260.
"Ruderal" . Encyclopædia Britannica. 23 (11th ed.). 1911. p. 814.

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English Journal

Floristic and vegetation successional processes within landslides in a Mediterranean environment.

Neto C1, Cardigos P1, Oliveira SC2, Zêzere JL1.
The Science of the total environment.Sci Total Environ.2016 Sep 23;574:969-981. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.09.119. [Epub ahead of print]
Floristic and vegetation analysis in seven Mediterranean landslides led to the understanding of the successional processes occurring in different landslide disturbed sectors. Our study showed that in landslides that occurred between 1996 and 2010 there is a clear differentiation between the three ma
PMID 27668849

Riparian plants on mine runoff in Zimapan, Hidalgo, Mexico: Useful for phytoremediation?

Carmona-Chit E1, Carrillo-González R1, González-Chávez Mdel C1, Vibrans H1, Yáñez-Espinosa L2, Delgado-Alvarado A3.
International journal of phytoremediation.Int J Phytoremediation.2016 Sep;18(9):861-8. doi: 10.1080/15226514.2016.1156639.
Dispersion and runoff of mine tailings have serious implications for human and ecosystem health in the surroundings of mines. Water, soils and plants were sampled in transects perpendicular to the Santiago stream in Zimapan, Hidalgo, which receives runoff sediments from two acidic and one alkaline m
PMID 26939994

Investigating past range dynamics for a weed of cultivation, Silene vulgaris.

Sebasky ME1, Keller SR2, Taylor DR1.
Ecology and evolution.Ecol Evol.2016 Jun 16;6(14):4800-11. doi: 10.1002/ece3.2250. eCollection 2016.
Since the last glacial maximum (LGM), many plant and animal taxa have expanded their ranges by migration from glacial refugia. Weeds of cultivation may have followed this trend or spread globally following the expansion of agriculture or ruderal habitats associated with human-mediated disturbance. W
PMID 27547314