関: songbird、thrush

WordNet

large American thrush having a rust-red breast and abdomen (同)American robin, Turdus migratorius
small Old World songbird with a reddish breast (同)redbreast, robin_redbreast, Old World robin, Erithacus rubecola
candidiasis of the oral cavity; seen mostly in infants or debilitated adults
songbirds characteristically having brownish upper plumage with a spotted breast
a woman who sings popular songs
any bird having a musical call (同)songster
common perennial native to Europe and western Asia having usually pink flowers with ragged petals (同)cuckoo flower, Lychnis flos-cuculi, Lychins floscuculi
common perennial of eastern North America having flowers with usually violet-purple rays (同)Erigeron pulchellus
trillium of central United States having dark purple sessile flowers (同)prairie trillium, Trillium recurvatum
large searobin; found from Nova Scotia to Florida (同)Prionotus carolinus
a letter signed by a number of people
take something away by force or without the consent of the owner; "The burglars robbed him of all his money"

PrepTutorEJDIC

(またrobin redbreast)(ヨーロッパの)『ロビン』,『コマドリ』(胸が黄色がかって赤色;声がよくておとなしく,英国民に古くから愛されて数々の詩に歌われている小鳥で,英国の国鳥;キリストにまつわる伝説により神聖視されることも多い;アメリカのrobinはこれより大型の渡り鳥である) / (アメリカなどの)コマツグミ,ワタリツグミ(胸と腹がクリ色がかった赤色)
ツグミ(ヨーロッパ産は song thrush といい,鳴き鳥として有名)
鵞口瘡(乳児の口内炎) / 《話》膣炎
鳴き鳥(カナリアなど)
(金品を)〈人・銀行など〉‘から'『力ずくで奪う』,強奪する《+『名』〈人・銀行など〉+『of』+『名』〈金品〉》 / 〈人・銀行など〉‘から'金品を盗む;…‘の'中身を盗む / (人・銀行などから)〈金品〉‘を'『おどし取る』 / (事を)…‘から'むりやりに取ってしまう,無くしてしまう《+『名』+『of』+『名』〈事〉》 / 略奪する,強盗を働く

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/10/11 06:23:14」(JST)

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Look up robin or Robin in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

Birds[edit]

European Robin (Erithacus rubecula)
- Many members of the subfamily Saxicolinae (Old World chats) to which the robin belongs, including the two other members of the genus Erithacus, the bush-robins, white-throated robin, forest robins, Indian robin, and the magpie-robins
Some red-breasted New-World true thrushes (Turdus) of the family Turdidae, including:
- American Robin (T. migratorius) (so named by 1703) [1] - the state bird of Connecticut, Michigan and Wisconsin
- Rufous-collared Robin (T. rufitorques)
- Rufous-backed Robin (T. rufopalliatus)
- Formerly other American thrushes, such as the Clay-colored Thrush (T. grayi)

Other "robins" are unrelated red-breasted songbirds:

Australasian robins, of the family Petroicidae
Pekin Robin or Japanese Hill Robin, archaic names for the Red-billed Leiothrix (Leiothrix lutea)

In transportation[edit]

Avions Robin, French manufacturer of light airplanes
Curtiss Robin, monoplane introduced in 1928
Reliant Robin, three-wheeled car built by Reliant
HMS Robin, the name of two Royal Navy ships and a shore establishment
SS Robin, world's oldest complete steam coaster (a class of steamship)
USS Robin, the name of four U.S. Navy ships

Other[edit]

Robin (name), a common given name and a surname
Robin (answering machine), sales name of a 1985 answering machine
Robin (comics), "The Boy Wonder", Batman's crime-fighting partner
"Robin (The Hooded Man)", hit song by the Irish group Clannad
Robin (magazine), a British children's magazine published from 1953 to 1969
Robin, a layout engine computer software component used by The Bat! e-mail client
Robin (TV series), cartoon created by Magnus Carlsson
Robin (singer), Finnish teen pop singer (full name Robin Packalen)
Robin 2160, a New Zealand aircraft

UpToDate Contents

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1. 頭蓋顔面異常を伴う症候群 syndromes with craniofacial abnormalities
2. 下顎、口、口腔、および咽頭の先天異常 congenital anomalies of the jaw mouth oral cavity and pharynx
3. 小児における難聴の病因 etiology of hearing impairment in children
4. 幼児および小児における嚥下障害による誤嚥 aspiration due to swallowing dysfunction in infants and children
5. キアリ奇形 chiari malformations

English Journal

The PI3K/AKT pathway promotes gefitinib resistance in mutant KRAS lung adenocarcinoma by a deacetylase-dependent mechanism.

Jeannot V1, Busser B, Brambilla E, Wislez M, Robin B, Cadranel J, Coll JL, Hurbin A.Author information 1INSERM U823, Grenoble, France; University UJF Grenoble 1, Grenoble, France.AbstractTo select the appropriate patients for treatment with epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs), it is important to gain a better understanding of the intracellular pathways leading to EGFR-TKI resistance, which is a common problem in patients with lung cancer. We recently reported that mutant KRAS adenocarcinoma is resistant to gefitinib as a result of amphiregulin and insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor overexpression. This resistance leads to inhibition of Ku70 acetylation, thus enhancing the BAX/Ku70 interaction and preventing apoptosis. Here, we determined the intracellular pathways involved in gefitinib resistance in lung cancers and explored the impact of their inhibition. We analyzed the activation of the phosphatidyl inositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT pathway and the mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular-signal regulated kinase (MAPK/ERK) pathway in lung tumors. The activation of AKT was associated with disease progression in tumors with wild-type EGFR from patients treated with gefitinib (phase II clinical trial IFCT0401). The administration of IGF1R-TKI or amphiregulin-directed shRNA decreased AKT signaling and restored gefitinib sensitivity in mutant KRAS cells. The combination of PI3K/AKT inhibition with gefitinib restored apoptosis via Ku70 downregulation and BAX release from Ku70. Deacetylase inhibitors, which decreased the BAX/Ku70 interaction, inhibited AKT signaling and induced gefitinib-dependent apoptosis. The PI3K/AKT pathway is thus a major pathway contributing to gefitinib resistance in lung tumors with KRAS mutation, through the regulation of the BAX/Ku70 interaction. This finding suggests that combined treatments could improve the outcomes for this subset of lung cancer patients, who have a poor prognosis.
International journal of cancer. Journal international du cancer.Int J Cancer.2014 Jun 1;134(11):2560-71. doi: 10.1002/ijc.28594. Epub 2013 Dec 13.
To select the appropriate patients for treatment with epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs), it is important to gain a better understanding of the intracellular pathways leading to EGFR-TKI resistance, which is a common problem in patients with lung cancer. We recen
PMID 24374738

A review of survival in mycosis fungoides.

Vollmer RT.Author information Laboratory Medicine 113, VA Medical Center, 508 Fulton St, Durham, NC 27705; Robin. Vollmer@med.va.gov.AbstractObjectives The objectives of this study are to review prior publications of survival for patients with mycosis fungoides (MF), to perform some analyses on the consolidated data, and then to consider the implications of the results. Methods The data for this study comprise 18 survival curves derived from seven prior publications of long-term survival in relatively large series of patients with MF. Altogether, the study uses results from over 5,000 patients. To examine fatality, the study uses hazard functions derived from the survival curves. Results The analyses demonstrate significant variability in survival between different groups who have studied MF, and the results document that for most patients the diagnosis of MF has little impact on fatality. Conclusions Although MF is considered a cutaneous lymphoma, that is, a malignancy, it may be time to reconsider low stages of MF as precursors to malignancy analogous to the precursors to malignancies of other types or organs.
American journal of clinical pathology.Am J Clin Pathol.2014 May;141(5):706-11. doi: 10.1309/AJCPH2PHXFCX3BOX.
Objectives The objectives of this study are to review prior publications of survival for patients with mycosis fungoides (MF), to perform some analyses on the consolidated data, and then to consider the implications of the results. Methods The data for this study comprise 18 survival curves derived
PMID 24713743

Tc1 Clonal T Cell Expansion during Chronic Graft-versus-Host Disease-Associated Hypereosinophilia.

Clave E1, Xhaard A2, Douay C1, Adès L3, Cayuela JM4, Peffault de Latour R2, Robin M2, Toubert A5, Socié G6.Author information 1Departement d'Immunologie, INSERM UMRS-940, Paris, France; Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.2Service d'Hématologie-Greffe, AP-HP Hôpital Saint Louis, Paris, France.3Service d'Hématologie, AP-HP Hôpital Avicenne, Paris, France.4Service d'Hématologie Biologique, AP-HP Hôpital Saint Louis, Paris, France.5Departement d'Immunologie, INSERM UMRS-940, Paris, France; Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; Service d'Immunologie, AP-HP Hôpital Saint Louis, Paris, France.6Departement d'Immunologie, INSERM UMRS-940, Paris, France; Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; Service d'Hématologie-Greffe, AP-HP Hôpital Saint Louis, Paris, France. Electronic address: gerard.socie@sls.aphp.fr.AbstractAlthough hypereosinophilia (HE) associated with chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) has long been recognized, biological data on this phenomenon are scarce. Here we compare patients with chronic GVHD with HE together with a clonal T cell expansion and control patients with acute or chronic GVHD but without HE. These clonal expansions share a CD8(+) TC1 phenotype rather than a CD4(+) Th2 profile. In contrast to the drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) syndrome, these allogeneic CD8(+) clones do not recognize the epitopes of herpesviruses. Furthermore, these TC1 clones do not produce IL-17 as described in the DRESS syndrome.
Biology of blood and marrow transplantation : journal of the American Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation.Biol Blood Marrow Transplant.2014 May;20(5):739-42. doi: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2014.01.023. Epub 2014 Jan 24.
Although hypereosinophilia (HE) associated with chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) has long been recognized, biological data on this phenomenon are scarce. Here we compare patients with chronic GVHD with HE together with a clonal T cell expansion and control patients with acute or chronic GVH
PMID 24468638

Antithymocyte Globulin before Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation for Progressive Myelodysplastic Syndrome: A Study from the French Society of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy.

Duléry R1, Mohty M2, Duhamel A3, Robin M4, Beguin Y5, Michallet M6, Vigouroux S7, Lioure B8, Garnier A9, El Cheikh J10, Bulabois CE11, Huynh A12, Bay JO13, Daguindau E14, Ceballos P15, Clément L16, Dauriac C17, Maillard N18, Legrand F19, Cornillon J20, Guillerm G21, François S22, Lapusan S23, Chevallier P24, Damaj G25, Yakoub-Agha I26.Author information 1Department of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, CHRU Lille, Lille, France.2Department of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Saint Antoine Hospital, Paris, France; Division of Hematology, University Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France; INSERM, UMRs 938, Paris, France.3Department of Biostatistics, CRHU Lille, Lille, France.4Department of Hematology-Transplantation, Saint-Louis Hospital, Paris, France.5Department of Hematology, CHU of Liège and University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.6Department of Hematology, University Hospital, Lyon, France.7Department of Hematology, University Hospital, Bordeaux, France.8Department of Hematology, University Hospital, Strasbourg, France.9Department of Hematology, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France.10Department of Hematology, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France.11Department of Hematology, University Hospital, Grenoble, France.12Department of Hematology, University Hospital Purpan, Toulouse, France.13Department of Hematology, University Hospital, Clermont Ferrand, France.14Department of Hematology, University Hospital, Besançon, France.15Department of Hematology, University Hospital Montpellier, Montpellier, France.16Department of Hematology, University Hospital, Nancy, France.17Department of Hematology, University Hospital, Rennes, France.18Department of Hematology, University Hospital, Poitiers, France.19Department of Hematology, University Hospital, Nice, France.20Department of Hematology, Institut de Cancérologie de la Loire, Saint Priest en Jarez, France.21Department of Hematology, University Hospital, Brest, France.22Department of Hematology, University Hospital, Angers, France.23Department of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Saint Antoine Hospital, Paris, France.24Department of Hematology, University Hospital, Nantes, France.25Department of Hematology, University Hospital-CHU Sud, Amiens, France.26Department of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, CHRU Lille, Lille, France. Electronic address: ibrahim.yakoubagha@chru-lille.fr.AbstractWe investigated the impact of rabbit antithymocyte globulins (ATG) on patient outcomes after allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo-SCT) for progressive myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). Of the 242 consecutive patients who underwent allo-SCT for progressive MDS between October 1999 and December 2009, 93 received ATG (ATG group) at the median dose of 5 mg/kg, whereas 149 patients did not (no-ATG group). Donors were sibling (n = 153) or HLA-matched unrelated (n = 89). Patients received blood (n = 90) or marrow (n = 152) grafts after either myeloablative (n = 109) or reduced-intensity (n = 133) conditioning. Three-year overall and event-free survival, nonrelapse mortality, relapse, and chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) development were not significantly different between the 2 groups. In contrast, acute grade II to IV GVHD occurred more often in the no-ATG group (55% of the patients) than in the ATG group (27%, P < .0001). Similar results were observed with acute grade III to IV GVHD (28% and 14% in the no-ATG group and ATG group, respectively; P = .009). In multivariate analysis, after adjustment with propensity score, the absence of ATG was the strongest parameter associated with an increased risk of acute grade II to IV GVHD (hazard ratio, 2.13; 95% confidence interval, 1.35 to 3.37; P = .001]. ATG had no impact on overall and event-free survival or cumulative incidence of the relapse. In conclusion, the addition of ATG to allo-SCT conditioning did not increase the incidence of relapse of patients with progressive MDS. The incidence of acute GVHD was decreased without compromising outcomes.
Biology of blood and marrow transplantation : journal of the American Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation.Biol Blood Marrow Transplant.2014 May;20(5):646-54. doi: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2014.01.016. Epub 2014 Jan 22.
We investigated the impact of rabbit antithymocyte globulins (ATG) on patient outcomes after allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo-SCT) for progressive myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). Of the 242 consecutive patients who underwent allo-SCT for progressive MDS between October 1999 and December 20
PMID 24462982

Japanese Journal

Child Development and the English Language Classroom : Age as a Factor in Learning with Songs and Chants

Kimber Larry,Apple Derrick
福岡大學人文論叢 46(3), 583-607, 2014-12
NAID 110009865303

The Specification and Global Reprogramming of Histone Epigenetic Marks during Gamete Formation and Early Embryo Development in C. elegans

Samson Mark,Jow Margaret M.,Wong Catherine C. L.,Fitzpatrick Colin,Aslanian Aaron,Saucedo Israel,Estrada Rodrigo,Ito Takashi,Park Sung-kyu Robin,Yates John R.,Chu Diana S.
PLoS Genetics 10(10), e1004588, 2014-10-09
In addition to the DNA contributed by sperm and oocytes, embryos receive parent-specific epigenetic information that can include histone variants, histone post-translational modifications (PTMs), and …
NAID 120005517846

Age-appropriateness in Learning English Through Music : Insights from Grade 1-6 Teachers at Language Schools in Japan

Kimber Larry,Apple Derrick
福岡大學人文論叢 46(2), 245-261, 2014-09
NAID 110009831929

COMPROに追加するAES標準スペクトル : ZnO, Pb, Al₂O₃(Sapphire), TiO₂(110 on Si), GaAs(p), MoS2, Mica, Fe(R.Robin), SiO₂(Quartz), Ga(liquid), Diamond(天然) (表面分析研究会第42回研究会講演資料)