関: oxidative or respiratory burst

WordNet

move suddenly, energetically, or violently; "He burst out of the house into the cool night"
break open or apart suddenly and forcefully; "The dam burst" (同)bust
come open suddenly and violently, as if from internal pressure; "The bubble burst" (同)split, break_open
a sudden flurry of activity (often for no obvious reason); "a burst of applause"; "a fit of housecleaning" (同)fit
emerge suddenly; "The sun burst into view"
remove the burrs from (同)burr
seed vessel having hooks or prickles (同)burr
small bit used in dentistry or surgery (同)burr
pertaining to respiration; "respiratory assistance"
a breathing device for administering long-term artificial respiration (同)inhalator

PrepTutorEJDIC

『破裂する』,爆発する / 〈つぼみが〉ほころびる / 《通例進行形で》(…で)はちきれそうにいっぱいである《+『with』+『名』》 / 『急に(…)する』 / …'を'破裂させる,爆発させる,破る / (…の)『破裂』,爆発《+『of』+『名』》 / (…の)『突発』《+『of』+『名』》
呼吸の,呼吸作用の,呼吸のための
《米》人工呼吸装置 / (一般に)マスク;防毒マスク

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/02/18 01:16:47」(JST)

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Respiratory burst (sometimes called oxidative burst) is the rapid release of reactive oxygen species (superoxide radical and hydrogen peroxide) from different types of cells.

Usually it denotes the release of these chemicals from immune cells, e.g., neutrophils and monocytes, as they come into contact with different bacteria or fungi. They are also released from the ovum of higher animals after the ovum has been fertilized. These substances can also be released from plant cells.

Respiratory burst plays an important role in the immune system. It is a crucial reaction that occurs in phagocytes to degrade internalized particles and bacteria.

NADPH oxidase, an enzyme family in the vasculature (in particular, in vascular disease), produces superoxide, which spontaneously recombines with other molecules to produce reactive free radicals. The superoxide reacts with NO, resulting in the formation of peroxynitrite, reducing the bioactive NO needed to dilate terminal arterioles and feed arteries and resistance arteries. Superoxide anion, peroxynitrite, and other reactive oxygen species also lead to pathology via peroxidation of proteins and lipids, and via activation of redox-sensitive signaling cascades and protein nitrosylation. NADPH oxidase activation has been suggested to depend on prior PKC activation.^[1] Myeloperoxidase uses the reactive oxygen species hydrogen peroxide to produce hypochlorous acid. Many vascular stimuli, including all those known to lead to insulin resistance, activate NADPH oxidase via both increased gene expression and complex activation mechanisms.

To combat infections, immune cells use NADPH oxidase to reduce O₂ to oxygen free radical and then H₂O₂. Neutrophils and monocytes utilize myeloperoxidase to further combine H₂O₂ with Cl⁻ to produce hypochlorite, which plays a role in destroying bacteria. Absence of NADPH oxidase will prevent the formation of reactive oxygen species and will result in chronic granulomatous disease.

References

^ Inoguchi T, Sonta T, Tsubouchi H, Etoh T, Kakimoto M, Sonoda N, Sato N, Sekiguchi N, Kobayashi K, Sumimoto H, Utsumi H, Nawata H (2003). "Protein kinase C-dependent increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in vascular tissues of diabetes: role of vascular NAD(P)H oxidase". J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 14 (8 Suppl 3): S227–32. doi:10.1097/01.ASN.0000077407.90309.65. PMID 12874436. Free full text

External links

Respiratory burst at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)

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1. 慢性肉芽腫性疾患：病因、臨床症状、および診断 chronic granulomatous disease pathogenesis clinical manifestations and diagnosis
2. 免疫系の臨床検査評価 laboratory evaluation of the immune system
3. 免疫不全症を引き起こすミエロペルオキシダーゼ欠損症および酵素白血球欠損症 myeloperoxidase deficiency and other enzymatic wbc defects causing immunodeficiency
4. 好中球機能異常症の検査での評価 laboratory evaluation of neutrophil disorders
5. 痛風性関節炎の病態生理 pathophysiology of gouty arthritis

English Journal

5-hydroxy-7-methoxyflavone inhibits N-formyl-l-methionyl-l-leucyl-l-phenylalanine-induced superoxide anion production by specific modulate membrane localization of Tec with a PI3K independent mechanism in human neutrophils.

Liao HR, Chen JJ, Chien YH, Lin SZ, Lin S, Tseng CP.SourceGraduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan.
Biochemical pharmacology.Biochem Pharmacol.2012 Jul 15;84(2):182-91. Epub 2012 Mar 29.
Respiratory burst mediates crucial bactericidal mechanism in neutrophils. However, undesirable respiratory burst leads to pathological inflammation and tissue damage. This study investigates the effect and the underlying mechanism of 5-hydroxy-7-methoxyflavone (MCL-1), a lignan extracted from the le
PMID 22484311

Poly d,l-lactide-co-glycolic acid-liposome encapsulated ODN on innate immunity in Epinephelus bruneus against Vibrio alginolyticus.

Harikrishnan R, Balasundaram C, Heo MS.SourceMarine Applied Microbes and Aquatic Organism Disease Control Lab, Department of Aquatic Biomedical Sciences, School of Marine Biomedical Sciences & Marine and Environmental Research Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, South Korea.
Veterinary immunology and immunopathology.Vet Immunol Immunopathol.2012 Jun 15;147(1-2):77-85. Epub 2012 Apr 11.
The efficacy of poly d,l-lactide-co-glycolic acid (PLGA)-liposome (L) encapsulated oligodeoxynucleotides with unmethylated deoxycytidyl-deoxyguanosine motifs (CpG-ODNs) on innate and adaptive immune response and disease resistance in kelp grouper (Epinephelus bruneus) against Vibrio alginolyticus at
PMID 22551979

Japanese Journal

78.イネの病原菌認識時に誘導される活性酸素発生のCa2+依存性プロテインキナーゼによる制御機構解析(口頭発表)

神村麻友,上坂有矢,笹木亮志,濱本訓行,蔡晃植
植物化学調節学会研究発表記録集 (45), 95, 2010-10-01
… One of the earliest plant immune responses is the oxidative burst, in which levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) rapidly increase. … The oxidative burst are regulated by Rboh (respiratory burst oxidase homolog) which classified in NADPH oxidase. … I try to reveal that CPK is involved in regulation on the oxidative burst. …
NAID 110007767178

Oxymetazoline Inhibits and Resolves Inflammatory Reactions in Human Neutrophils

BECK-SPEIER Ingrid,OSWALD Barbara,MAIER Konrad L.,KARG Erwin,RAMSEGER Rene
Journal of pharmacological sciences 110(3), 276-284, 2009-07-20
… The effect of OMZ on these parameters as well as on respiratory burst activity and oxidative stress marker 8-isprostane was analyzed in unstimulated and co-stimulated PMN by ultrafine carbon particles (UCP) or opsonized zymosan (OZ), respectively. … The levels of LTB4 and 8-isoprostane were not affected, whereas respiratory burst activity was drastically inhibited. …
NAID 10025737513