n.

定量化

関: quantification、quantify、quantitate

WordNet

use as a quantifier
express as a number or measure or quantity; "Can you quantify your results?" (同)measure
the act of discovering or expressing the quantity of something
a limitation imposed on the variables of a proposition (as by the quantifiers `some or `all or `no'

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…‘の'量を定める,‘を'定量化する

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2017/07/19 12:49:11」(JST)

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In mathematics and empirical science, quantification (or quantitation) is the act of counting and measuring that maps human sense observations and experiences into quantities. Quantification in this sense is fundamental to the scientific method.

Natural science

Some measure of the undisputed general importance of quantification in the natural sciences can be gleaned from the following comments:

"these are mere facts, but they are quantitative facts and the basis of science."^[1]
It seems to be held as universally true that "the foundation of quantification is measurement."^[2]
There is little doubt that "quantification provided a basis for the objectivity of science."^[3]
In ancient times, "musicians and artists ... rejected quantification, but merchants, by definition, quantified their affairs, in order to survive, made them visible on parchment and paper."^[4]
Any reasonable "comparison between Aristotle and Galileo shows clearly that there can be no unique lawfulness discovered without detailed quantification."^[5]
Even today, "universities use imperfect instruments called 'exams' to indirectly quantify something they call knowledge."^[6]

This meaning of quantification comes under the heading of pragmatics.

In some instances in the natural sciences a seemingly intangible concept may be quantified by creating a scale—for example, a pain scale in medical research, or a discomfort scale at the intersection of meteorology and human physiology such as the heat index measuring the combined perceived effect of heat and humidity, or the wind chill factor measuring the combined perceived effects of cold and wind.

Social sciences

In the social sciences, quantification is an integral part of economics and psychology. Both disciplines gather data—economics by empirical observation and psychology by experimentation, and both use statistical techniques such as regression analysis to draw conclusions from it.

In some instances a seemingly intangible property may be quantified by asking subjects to rate something on a scale—for example, a happiness scale or a quality of life scale—or by the construction of a scale by the researcher, as with the index of economic freedom. In other cases, an unobservable variable may be quantified by replacing it with a proxy variable with which it is highly correlated—for example, per capita gross domestic product is often used as a proxy for standard of living or quality of life.

Frequently in the use of regression, the presence or absence of a trait is quantified by employing a dummy variable, which takes on the value 1 in the presence of the trait or the value 0 in the absence of the trait.

Quantitative linguistics is an area of linguistics that relies on quantification. For example,^[7] indices of grammaticalization of morphemes, such as phonological shortness, dependence on surroundings, and fusion with the verb, have been developed and found to be significantly correlated across languages with stage of evolution of function of the morpheme.

Hard versus soft science

The ease of quantification is one of the features used to distinguish hard and soft sciences from each other. Scientists often consider hard sciences to be more scientific or rigorous, but this is disputed by social scientists who maintain that appropriate rigor includes the qualitative evaluation of the broader contexts of qualitative data. In some social sciences such as sociology, quantitative data are difficult to obtain, either because laboratory conditions are not present or because the issues involved are conceptual but not directly quantifiable. Thus in these cases qualitative methods are preferred.^{[citation needed]}

References

^ Cattell, James McKeen; and Farrand, Livingston (1896) "Physical and mental measurements of the students of Columbia University", The Psychological Review, Vol. 3, No. 6 (1896), pp. 618-648; p. 648 quoted in James McKeen Cattell (1860-1944) Psychologist, Publisher, and Editor.
^ Wilks, Samuel Stanley (1961) "Some Aspects of Quantification in Science", Isis, Vol. 52, No. 2 (1961), pp. 135-142; p. 135
^ Hong, Sungook (2004) "History of Science: Building Circuits of Trust", Science, Vol. 305, No. 5690 (10 September 2004), pp. 1569-1570
^ Crosby, Alfred W. (1996) The Measure of Reality: Quantification and Western Society, Cambridge University Press, 1996, p. 201
^ Langs, Robert J. (1987) "Psychoanalysis as an Aristotelian Science—Pathways to Copernicus and a Modern-Day Approach", Contemporary Psychoanalysis, Vol. 23 (1987), pp. 555-576
^ Lynch, Aaron (1999) "Misleading Mix of Religion and Science," Journal of Memetics: Evolutionary Models of Information Transmission, Vol. 3, No. 1 (1999)
^ Bybee, Joan; Perkins, Revere; and Pagliuca, William. (1994) The Evolution of Grammar, Univ. of Chicago Press: ch. 4.

Crosby, Alfred W. (1996) The Measure of Reality: Quantification and Western Society, 1250-1600. Cambridge University Press.
Wiese, Heike, 2003. Numbers, language, and the human mind. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-83182-2.

UpToDate Contents

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2. HIV-1 RNA定量の技術および解釈 techniques and interpretation of hiv 1 rna quantitation
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English Journal

Quantitative accuracy of (177)Lu SPECT reconstruction using different compensation methods: phantom and patient studies.

Hippeläinen E1,2, Tenhunen M3, Mäenpää H3, Sohlberg A4,5.
EJNMMI research.EJNMMI Res.2016 Dec;6(1):16. doi: 10.1186/s13550-016-0172-0. Epub 2016 Feb 18.
BACKGROUND: In targeted radionuclide therapy (TRT), accurate quantification using SPECT/CT images is important for optimizing radiation dose delivered to both the tumour and healthy tissue. Quantitative SPECT images are regularly reconstructed using the ordered subset expectation maximization (OSEM)
PMID 26887986

Effects of grain species and cultivar, thermal processing, and enzymatic hydrolysis on gluten quantitation.

Pahlavan A1, Sharma GM2, Pereira M3, Williams KM3.
Food chemistry.Food Chem.2016 Oct 1;208:264-71. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.03.092. Epub 2016 Mar 30.
Gluten from wheat, rye, and barley can trigger IgE-mediated allergy or Celiac disease in sensitive individuals. Gluten-free labeled foods are available as a safe alternative. Immunoassays such as the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) are commonly used to quantify gluten in foods. However, va
PMID 27132849

Versatile SPR aptasensor for detection of lysozyme dimer in oligomeric and aggregated mixtures.

Vasilescu A1, Purcarea C2, Popa E2, Zamfir M2, Mihai I3, Litescu S4, David S5, Gaspar S5, Gheorghiu M5, Jean-Louis Marty6.
Biosensors & bioelectronics.Biosens Bioelectron.2016 Sep 15;83:353-60. doi: 10.1016/j.bios.2016.04.080. Epub 2016 Apr 23.
A Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) sensor for the quantitation of lysozyme dimer in monomer-dimer mixtures, reaching a detection limit of 1.4nM dimer, has been developed. The sensor is based on an aptamer which, although developed for the monomeric form, binds also the dimeric form but with a strikin
PMID 27135941

Japanese Journal

Development and Validation of a Simple and Rapid Liquid Chromatography Method for the Determination of Genistein in Skin Permeation Studies

Maione-Silva Lorena,Rocha Kamilla Amaral David,de Oliveira Lidiane Correia [他]
Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin 35(11), 1986-1990, 2012-11
NAID 40019460492

Quantitation and Human Monocyte Cytotoxicity of the Polymerization Agent 1-Hydroxycyclohexyl Phenyl Ketone (Irgacure 184) from Three Brands of Aqueous Injection Solution

Yamaji Kazuhiko,Kawasaki Yoichi,Yoshitome Kei [他]
Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin 35(10), 1821-1825, 2012-10
NAID 40019429265

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リンク元	「quantify」「quantitate」「quantification」「定量化」

「quantify」

　　[★]

v.

数量化する、定量化する

The main objective was to characterise and quantify the cardiovascular and gastrointestinal risks of particular NSAID regimens among different types of patients, particularly those at increased risk of vascular disease.

関: quantification、quantitate、quantitation

「quantitate」

　　[★]

vt.

(特に正確に)～の量を量る/見積もる。数量詞で表す

It is dificult to be sure of the degree of blood loss in hematoemesis because the patient will find it difficult to quantitate the volume of blood, and the amount of blood still in the gastrointestinal tract is unknown.