WordNet

used up; "time is up"
raise; "up the ante"
extending or moving toward a higher place; "the up staircase"; "a general upward movement of fish" (同)upward
to a later time; "they moved the meeting date up"; "from childhood upward" (同)upwards, upward
spatially or metaphorically from a lower to a higher position; "look up!"; "the music surged up"; "the fragments flew upwards"; "prices soared upwards"; "upwardly mobile" (同)upwards, upward, upwardly
(used of computers) operating properly; "how soon will the computers be up?"
(usually followed by `on or `for'
being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level; "the anchor is up"; "the sun is up"; "he lay face up"; "he is up by a pawn"; "the market is up"; "the corn is up"
nearer to the speaker; "he walked up and grabbed my lapels"
open; "the windows are up"
to a higher intensity; "he turned up the volume"
to a more central or a more northerly place; "was transferred up to headquarters"; "up to Canada for a vacation"
cause to be in a certain state; cause to be in a certain relation; "That song put me in awful good humor"; "put your ideas in writing"
attribute or give; "She put too much emphasis on her the last statement"; "He put all his efforts into this job"; "The teacher put an interesting twist to the interpretation of the story" (同)assign
put into a certain place or abstract location; "Put your things here"; "Set the tray down"; "Set the dogs on the scent of the missing children"; "Place emphasis on a certain point" (同)set, place, pose, position, lay
adapt; "put these words to music"
cause (someone) to undergo something; "He put her to the torture"

PrepTutorEJDIC

(人が)いいように利用された;酷使された
《上への動作》『上へ』,上のほうへ / 《上の位置》『上に』,上のほうで / 『起こして』,立てて,直立して / (地図・紙面などの)『上へ(に)』,北のほうへ(に) / (遠くから)『近くへ,中心へ』;(周辺から)中心へ;(川下から)川上へ;(地方から)都会へ / (大きさ・量・価値・地位などが)『上のほうへ』,高く / (話者,話題の場所へ)『近づいて』,追いついて / 『活動して』,活動状態に / (物事・人が)現れて・起こって / 『すっかり』,完全に,終わって,…し尽くして / 保管(貯蔵)して;くるんだ(閉ざした)状態に / 《動詞を省略した命令文で》 / (野球・クリケットで)打席へ / (競技で)勝ち越して / (対抗の競技で)おのおの / 《移動・位置》『…の高いほうへ』,をのぼって;…の上のほうに / (川の)『上流へ』;(流れ・風)に逆らって;…の内陸(奥地)のほうへ / (自分が今いる所,またはある地点から前方へ)『…に沿って』 / 『上へ向かう』,(列車などが)上りの;上り坂の,(情勢などが)上向きの / 上り,上昇,上り坂 / 上昇気運,向上,幸運 / 上りの列車(バス・エレボーターなど) / 値上がり / …‘を'持ち上げる / …‘を'増大する,〈賃金・物価など〉‘を'引き上げる / 〈人〉‘を'昇進させる / 立ち上がる,起き上がる / 《and を伴って》急に(突然)…する
《副詞[句]を伴って》(ある場所・位置に)…‘を'『置く』,載せる,すえる,付ける / 《状態を表す副詞[句]を伴って》(ある状態に)…‘を'『置く』,する;〈人・動物〉‘に'(…)させる / (仕事・任務などに)〈人・動物〉‘を'『向ける』,つける;(用途・目的などに)〈物事〉‘を'向ける,用いる《+『名』+『to』+『名』》 / (苦痛・試練などを)〈人〉‘に'受けさせる《+『名』〈人〉+『to』+『名』》 / (人・物に)〈税・負担など〉‘を'課す,負わせる《+『名』+『on』+『名』(a person's do『inn』)》 / (人・事に)〈責任など〉‘を'かぶせる,負わせる《+『名』+『on』(『upon』)+『名』》;(責任などを)〈人・事〉‘に'かぶせる《+『名』+『to』+『名』》 / (物事に)〈解釈・価値など〉‘を'『与える』,(物に)〈価格など〉‘を'付ける《+『名』+『on』(『upon』)+『名』》 / …‘を'評価する,見積もる,みなす / (…に)〈考えなど〉‘を'『表現する』,述べる《+『名』+『into』+『名』》;〈文字・印など〉‘を'書き付ける,記入する《+『名』+『on』+『名』》 / (…に)…‘を'翻訳する《+『名』+『into』+『名』》 / (…に)〈問題・質問など〉‘を'提出する,提起する《+『名』+『to』(『before』)+『名』》 / (物事に)〈終止・制限など〉‘を'与える《+『名』+『to』+『名』》 / 〈船などが〉進む,行く,向かう / 《話》急いで立ち去る;逃げ出す / (砲丸などの)投げ,投てき;投てき距離 / 突き,押し / 落ち着いた,動かないで
『…の上に』

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English Journal

Bacterial community dynamics during industrial malting, with an emphasis on lactic acid bacteria.

Justé A1, Malfliet S2, Waud M1, Crauwels S1, De Cooman L2, Aerts G2, Marsh TL3, Ruyters S1, Willems K1, Busschaert P1, Lievens B4.Author information 1Laboratory for Process Microbial Ecology and Bioinspirational Management (PME&BIM), Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems (M(2)S), KU Leuven, Campus De Nayer, B-2860 Sint-Katelijne-Waver, Belgium; Scientia Terrae Research Institute, B-2860 Sint-Katelijne-Waver, Belgium; Leuven Food Science and Nutrition Research Centre (LFoRCe), KU Leuven, Belgium; Leuven Institute for Beer Research (LIBR), KU Leuven, Belgium.2Leuven Food Science and Nutrition Research Centre (LFoRCe), KU Leuven, Belgium; Leuven Institute for Beer Research (LIBR), KU Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Enzyme, Fermentation, and Brewing Technology (EFBT), M(2)S, KU Leuven, KAHO Sint-Lieven Technology Campus, B-9000 Gent, Belgium.3Center for Microbial Ecology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.4Laboratory for Process Microbial Ecology and Bioinspirational Management (PME&BIM), Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems (M(2)S), KU Leuven, Campus De Nayer, B-2860 Sint-Katelijne-Waver, Belgium; Scientia Terrae Research Institute, B-2860 Sint-Katelijne-Waver, Belgium; Leuven Food Science and Nutrition Research Centre (LFoRCe), KU Leuven, Belgium; Leuven Institute for Beer Research (LIBR), KU Leuven, Belgium. Electronic address: bart.lievens@kuleuven.be.AbstractCharacterization of the microflora during malting is an essential step towards process management and optimization. Up till now, however, microbial characterization in the malting process has mostly been done using culture-dependent methods, probably leading to biased estimates of microbial diversity. The aim of this study was to characterize the bacterial communities using two culture-independent methods, including Terminal Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (T-RFLP) and 454 pyrosequencing, targeting the 16S rRNA gene. Studied samples originated from two harvest years and two malting houses malting the same batch of barley. Besides targeting the entire bacterial community (T-RFLP), emphasis was put on lactic acid bacteria (LAB) (T-RFLP and 454 pyrosequencing). The overall bacterial community richness was limited, but the community structure changed during the process. Zooming in on the LAB community using 454 pyrosequencing revealed a total of 47 species-level operational taxonomic units (OTUs). LAB diversity appeared relatively limited since 88% of the sequences were covered by the same five OTUs (representing members of Weissella, Lactobacillus and Leuconostoc) present in all samples investigated. Fluctuations in the relative abundances of the dominant LAB were observed with the process conditions. In addition, both the year of harvest and malting house influenced the LAB community structure.
Food microbiology.Food Microbiol.2014 May;39:39-46. doi: 10.1016/j.fm.2013.10.010. Epub 2013 Nov 7.
Characterization of the microflora during malting is an essential step towards process management and optimization. Up till now, however, microbial characterization in the malting process has mostly been done using culture-dependent methods, probably leading to biased estimates of microbial diversit
PMID 24387850

Landscape structure and diseases profile: associating land use type composition with disease distribution.

Votsi NE, Mazaris AD, Kallimanis AS, Drakou EG, Pantis JD.Author information a Department of Biology , Aristotle University of Thessaloniki , Thessaloniki , Greece.AbstractHuman health and well-being presuppose environmental quality. Several studies have documented the indicative role of land use types in environmental quality. However, the exact role of land use composition on disease distribution has remained scientifically vague. We assessed the congruence of diseases' distribution with land use composition, focusing on high environmental quality areas, defined as tranquil areas with view to indicating places offering well-being. Landscape composition is linked to the presence of diseases across 51 prefectures of Greece. Agricultural and natural land use types proved to be the main drivers of disease distribution. Tranquility demonstrated a strong negative correlation with population density, thus could be considered as a quantitative spatial index of life-quality. We concluded that the landscape context affects the dominance of diseases' patterns. Special emphasis should be put on the role of tranquil areas in human health and the relative environmental health policies.
International journal of environmental health research.Int J Environ Health Res.2014 Apr;24(2):176-87. doi: 10.1080/09603123.2013.800965. Epub 2013 Jun 26.
Human health and well-being presuppose environmental quality. Several studies have documented the indicative role of land use types in environmental quality. However, the exact role of land use composition on disease distribution has remained scientifically vague. We assessed the congruence of disea
PMID 23802561

What do Spaniards read about the prudent use of anti-microbial agents and what do they really do?

Mira JJ, Navarro I, Huttner B, Ortiz L, Pérez-Jover V, Ramón-Pardo P, Rodríguez-Marín J.Author information a Health Psychology Department , Universidad Miguel Hernández , Elche , Spain .AbstractObjectives: The prudent use of antibiotics (PUA) is promoted not only by public information campaigns, but also in the printed media and on websites. This study assesses the correspondence between PUA information in the Spanish printed media and on websites and the messages put out by national campaigns. Spaniards' use of antibiotics following the campaigns was also analysed. Methods: A two-phase descriptive study was carried out. First, antibiotics-related news in the Spanish printed media (January 2007-May 2009) and institutional and news media websites (March-May 2009) were systematically reviewed using a data collection tool. In addition, a telephone survey on antibiotics-related knowledge and behaviours was carried out with a random sample of 1526 people living in Spain who had recently received medical care. Results: In total, 29 news items containing nine different messages were identified. All the messages were similar to those promoted by the campaigns. The survey showed that even after the campaigns, relevant gaps in knowledge about the PUA persist, particularly among men (p = .005), those living in rural areas (p = .02) and the elderly (p < .001). Keeping left-over antibiotics was associated with ignorance about the association between antibiotic use and resistance (OR 3.1, 95% CI 2.3-4.2). Also, patients who ask their doctor about drug interactions are less likely to self-medicate (p = .04). Conclusions: The information reaching the Spanish public via the media seems to be similar to the messages transmitted by public information campaigns. Nevertheless, there appears to be considerable room for improvement. Promoting an active role in patients might reduce self-medication.
Psychology, health & medicine.Psychol Health Med.2014 Apr;19(2):201-10. doi: 10.1080/13548506.2013.793370. Epub 2013 May 10.
Objectives: The prudent use of antibiotics (PUA) is promoted not only by public information campaigns, but also in the printed media and on websites. This study assesses the correspondence between PUA information in the Spanish printed media and on websites and the messages put out by national campa
PMID 23659654