WordNet

situated nearest to point of attachment or origin; "the proximal end of a bone"
either of two bean-shaped excretory organs that filter wastes (especially urea) from the blood and excrete them and water in urine; "urine passes out of the kidney through ureters to the bladder"
a small tube

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1. 小児における、慢性腎臓病に伴う骨ミネラル代謝異常（CKD-MBD） pediatric chronic kidney disease mineral and bone disorder ckd mbd
2. 尿酸による腎疾患 uric acid renal diseases
3. 多発性骨髄腫における腎疾患の種類 types of renal disease in multiple myeloma
4. 鉛腎症および鉛関連腎毒性 lead nephropathy and lead related nephrotoxicity
5. 慢性腎臓病の二次的要因と進行 secondary factors and progression of chronic kidney disease

Severe renal tubulopathy in a newborn due to BCS1L gene mutation: Effects of different treatment modalities on the clinical course.

Ezgu F, Senaca S, Gunduz M, Tumer L, Hasanoglu A, Tiras U, Unsal R, Bakkaloglu SA.SourceDepartment of Pediatric Metabolism and Nutrition, Gazi University Hospital, Ankara, Turkey. Electronic address: fezgu@gazi.edu.tr.
Gene.Gene.2013 Oct 10;528(2):364-6. doi: 10.1016/j.gene.2013.07.007. Epub 2013 Jul 26.
Very early onset Toni-Debré-Fanconi Syndrome, a disorder of proximal renal tubules of the kidney which results in the increased urinary excretion of glucose, amino acids, uric acid, phosphate and bicarbonate, could be the manifestation of various inborn errors. Defects of oxidative phosphorylation
PMID 23892085

ERK-mediated suppression of cilia in cisplatin-induced tubular cell apoptosis and acute kidney injury.

Wang S, Wei Q, Dong G, Dong Z.SourceDepartment of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA.
Biochimica et biophysica acta.Biochim Biophys Acta.2013 Oct;1832(10):1582-90. doi: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2013.05.023. Epub 2013 May 29.
In kidneys, each tubular epithelial cell contains a primary cilium that protrudes from the apical surface. Ciliary dysfunction was recently linked to acute kidney injury (AKI) following renal ischemia-reperfusion. Whether ciliary regulation is a general pathogenic mechanism in AKI remains unclear. M
PMID 23727409

Aldosterone regulates Na(+), K(+) ATPase activity in human renal proximal tubule cells through mineralocorticoid receptor.

Salyer SA, Parks J, Barati MT, Lederer ED, Clark BJ, Klein JD, Khundmiri SJ.SourceDepartment of Medicine, Kidney Disease Program, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA; Department of Physiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.
Biochimica et biophysica acta.Biochim Biophys Acta.2013 Oct;1833(10):2143-52. doi: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2013.05.009. Epub 2013 May 16.
The mechanisms by which aldosterone increases Na(+), K(+) ATPase and sodium channel activity in cortical collecting duct and distal nephron have been extensively studied. Recent investigations demonstrate that aldosterone increases Na-H exchanger-3 (NHE-3) activity, bicarbonate transport, and H(+) A
PMID 23684706

Involvement of autophagy in the pharmacological effects of the mTOR inhibitor everolimus in acute kidney injury.

Nakagawa Shunsaku,Nishihara Kumiko,Inui Ken-Ichi,Masuda Satohiro
European journal of pharmacology 696(1-3), 143-154, 2012-12-05
… Inhibitors of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) have immunosuppressive and anti-cancer effects, but their effects on the progression of kidney disease are not fully understood. … Using cells from normal kidney epithelial cell lines, we found that the antiproliferative effects of mTOR inhibitor everolimus accompanied the accumulation of a marker for cellular autophagic activity, the phosphatidylethanolamine-conjugated form of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3-II) in cells. …
NAID 120004996384

徳本真紀,佐藤雅彦
日本衛生学雑誌 67(4), 472-477, 2012
… Cadmium (Cd), a harmful metal, exerts severe toxic effects on various tissues such as those in the kidney, liver, lung, and bone. … In particular, renal toxicity with damage to proximal tubule cells is caused by chronic exposure to Cd. … In vivo studies showed that chronic Cd exposure also suppressed Ube2d family gene expression and induced p53 accumulation and apoptosis in the renal tubules of the mouse kidney. …
NAID 130002117334

Transporter-centric view of urate metabolism: From genome-wide association study to pathophysiology

Sakurai Hiroyuki
The Journal of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine 1(3), 413-422, 2012
… In the kidney proximal tubule, the relatively urate-specific transporters, URAT1 and URATv1, serve as a urate reabsorptive path, while the broad specific transporters, OAT1/3 and NPT1/4, are utilized for urate secretion. …
NAID 130001930885