関: acquired aphasia、alogia、aphasia、dysphasia、global aphasia、semantic aphasia

WordNet

an impairment of language (especially speech production) that is usually due to brain damage
gradually advancing in extent
a tense of verbs used in describing action that is on-going (同)progressive tense, imperfect, imperfect tense, continuous tense
favoring or promoting reform (often by government action) (同)reformist, reform-minded
(of a card game or a dance) involving a series of sections for which the participants successively change place or relative position; "progressive euchre"; "progressive tournaments"
(of taxes) adjusted so that the rate increases as the amount of income increases
advancing in severity; "progressive paralysis"
favoring or promoting progress; "progressive schools"
inability to use or understand language (spoken or written) because of a brain lesion

PrepTutorEJDIC

(行列などが)『前進する』,進んで行く / (事態が)進展する,進行する / 『進歩的な』,革新的な / (病気・暴力などが)次第に悪くなる(広がる) / (課税が)累進的な / (文法で)進行[形]の / 進歩的な人,革新主義者
失語症

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/02/25 07:22:15」(JST)

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Primary progressive aphasia (PPA) is a type of neurological syndrome in which language capabilities slowly and progressively become impaired while other mental functions remain intact. ^[1] It was first described as a distinct syndrome by M.-Marsel Mesulam in 1982.^[2] Primary Progressive Aphasias have a clinical and pathological overlap with the Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration (FTLD) spectrum of disorders and Alzheimer's disease.

Classification

Three classifications of primary progressive aphasia have been described.^[3]^[4]^[5] In the classical Mesulam criteria for primary progressive aphasia, there are 2 variants: a non-fluent type Progressive Nonfluent Aphasia (PNFA) and a fluent type Semantic Dementia (SD).^[6]^[7] A third variant of primary progressive aphasia, Logopenic Progressive Aphasia (LPA)^[8] is an atypical form of Alzheimer's disease.

Diagnostic criteria

The following diagnosis criteria were defined by Mesulam ^[9]

Gradual impairment of object naming, syntax and word-processing
Premorbid language function is usually intact
Acalculia: inability to perform simple mathematical calculations

^ "Primary Progressive Aphasia - National Aphasia Association". National Aphasia Association. Retrieved 2015-11-12.
^ Mesulam M (1982). "Slowly progressive aphasia without generalized dementia". Annals of Neurology 11 (6): 592–8. doi:10.1002/ana.410110607. PMID 7114808.
^ Gorno-Tempini ML, Hillis AE, Weintraub S, et al. (March 2011). "Classification of primary progressive aphasia and its variants". Neurology 76 (11): 1006–14. doi:10.1212/WNL.0b013e31821103e6. PMC 3059138. PMID 21325651.
^ Bonner MF, Ash S, Grossman M (November 2010). "The new classification of primary progressive aphasia into semantic, logopenic, or nonfluent/agrammatic variants". Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep 10 (6): 484–90. doi:10.1007/s11910-010-0140-4. PMC 2963791. PMID 20809401.
^ Harciarek M, Kertesz A (September 2011). "Primary progressive aphasias and their contribution to the contemporary knowledge about the brain-language relationship". Neuropsychol Rev 21 (3): 271–87. doi:10.1007/s11065-011-9175-9. PMC 3158975. PMID 21809067.
^ Mesulam MM (April 2001). "Primary progressive aphasia". Annals of Neurology 49 (4): 425–32. doi:10.1002/ana.91. PMID 11310619.
^ Adlam AL, Patterson K, Rogers TT, et al. (Nov 2006). "Semantic dementia and fluent primary progressive aphasia: two sides of the same coin?". Brain 129 (Pt 11): 3066–80. doi:10.1093/brain/awl285. PMID 17071925.
^ Gorno-Tempini ML, Dronkers NF, Rankin KP, et al. (Mar 2004). "Cognition and anatomy in three variants of primary progressive aphasia". Annals of Neurology 55 (3): 335–46. doi:10.1002/ana.10825. PMC 2362399. PMID 14991811.
^ Mesulam MM: Primary progressive aphasia—a language-based dementia. N Engl J Med 2003, 349:1535–1542

Ideomotor Apraxia: loss of the ability to execute or carry out learned purposeful movements

Risk Factors

There are no known environmental risk factors for the progressive aphasias. However, one observational, retrospective study suggested that vasectomy could be a risk factor for PPA in men.^[1] These results have yet to be replicated or demonstrated by prospective studies.

PPA is not considered a hereditary disease. However, relatives of a person with any form of frontotemporal lobar degeneration, including PPA, are at slightly greater risk of developing PPA or another form of the condition.^[2]

Treatment

There is no approved treatment. But speech therapy can assist an individual with strategies to overcome difficulties. ″There are three very broad categories of therapy interventions for aphasia: restorative therapy approaches, compensatory therapy approaches, and social therapy approaches.^[3] Rapid and sustained improvement in speech and dementia in a patient with primary progressive aphasia utilizing off-label perispinal etanercept, an anti-TNF treatment strategy also used for Alzheimer's, has been reported.^[4] A video depicting the patient's improvement was published in conjunction with the print article. These findings have not been independently replicated and remain controversial.

References

^ Weintraub S, Fahey C, Johnson N, et al. (December 2006). "Vasectomy in men with primary progressive aphasia". Cogn Behav Neurol 19 (4): 190–3. doi:10.1097/01.wnn.0000213923.48632.ab. PMID 17159614.
^ Goldman JS, Farmer JM, Wood EM, et al. (Dec 2005). "Comparison of family histories in FTLD subtypes and related tauopathies". Neurology 65 (11): 1817–9. doi:10.1212/01.wnl.0000187068.92184.63. PMID 16344531.
^ Manasco, H. (2014). The Aphasias. In Introduction to Neurogenic Communication Disorders (Vol. 1, p. 91). Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.
^ Tobinick E (2008). "Perispinal etanercept produces rapid improvement in primary progressive aphasia: identification of a novel, rapidly reversible TNF-mediated pathophysiologic mechanism". Medscape Journal of Medicine 10 (6): 135. PMC 2491668. PMID 18679537.

External links

FAQ on PPA from IMPPACT, the International PPA Connection
PPA information from the UCSF Memory and Aging Center
Northwestern Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease Center

UpToDate Contents

全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.

1. 前頭側頭型認知症：臨床的特徴および診断 frontotemporal dementia clinical features and diagnosis
2. 失語症患者へのアプローチ approach to the patient with aphasia
3. 失語症：予後および治療 aphasia prognosis and treatment
4. アルツハイマー病の臨床的特徴および診断 clinical features and diagnosis of alzheimer disease
5. 大脳皮質基底核変性症 corticobasal degeneration

English Journal

Analysis of abstract and concrete word processing in persons with aphasia and age-matched neurologically healthy adults using fMRI.

Sandberg C1, Kiran S.
Neurocase.Neurocase.2014 Aug;20(4):361-88. doi: 10.1080/13554794.2013.770881. Epub 2013 Apr 3.
The concreteness effect occurs in both normal and language-disordered populations. Research suggests that abstract and concrete concepts elicit differing neural activation patterns in healthy young adults, but this is undocumented in persons with aphasia (PWA). Three PWA and three age-matched contro
PMID 23548150

Subjective dysphagia in older care home residents: A cross-sectional, multi-centre point prevalence measurement.

van der Maarel-Wierink CD1, Meijers JM2, De Visschere LM3, de Baat C4, Halfens RJ2, Schols JM5.
International journal of nursing studies.Int J Nurs Stud.2014 Jun;51(6):875-81. doi: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2013.10.016. Epub 2013 Oct 27.
BACKGROUND: Dysphagia has been found to be strongly associated with aspiration pneumonia in frail older people. Aspiration pneumonia is causing high hospitalization rates, morbidity, and often death. Better insight in the prevalence of (subjective) dysphagia in frail older people may improve its ear
PMID 24238894

Hemicraniectomy for malignant middle cerebral artery infarction: Current status and future directions.

Neugebauer H1, Jüttler E.
International journal of stroke : official journal of the International Stroke Society.Int J Stroke.2014 Jun;9(4):460-7. doi: 10.1111/ijs.12211. Epub 2014 Apr 11.
Malignant middle cerebral artery infarction is a life-threatening sub-type of ischemic stroke that may only be survived at the expense of permanent disability. Decompressive hemicraniectomy is an effective surgical therapy to reduce mortality and improve functional outcome without promoting most sev
PMID 24725828

Japanese Journal

大正天皇(1879-1926)の御病気に関する文献的考察

杉下守弘
認知神経科学 14(1), 51-67, 2012-06
NAID 40019382858

シンポジウム変性疾患に伴う失語症の臨床像 (第16回認知神経科学会(平成23年10月22日・23日開催)(その2))

小森憲治郎
認知神経科学 14(1), 15-25, 2012-06
NAID 40019382807

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★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「進行性失語」「alogia」「semantic aphasia」「acquired aphasia」「進行性失語症」
拡張検索	「primary progressive aphasia」
関連記事	「progressive」