WordNet

(physiology) a shortening or tensing of a part or organ (especially of a muscle or muscle fiber) (同)muscular_contraction, muscle_contraction
the act of decreasing (something) in size or volume or quantity or scope
a word formed from two or more words by omitting or combining some sounds; "`wont is a contraction of `will not"; "`oclock is a contraction of `of the clock"
born after a gestation period of less than the normal time; "a premature infant"
uncommonly early or before the expected time; "illness led to his premature death"; "alcohol brought him to an untimely end" (同)untimely
of or relating to a cavity or chamber in the body (especially one of the upper chambers of the heart)

PrepTutorEJDIC

〈U〉〈C〉(…の)収縮,短縮《+『of』+『名』》 / 〈U〉(通貨・資金・支出などの)縮小,節減《+『of』+『名』》 / 〈U〉(いやなこと・よくないことを)身に負うこと,(悪習などが)身につくこと《+『of』+『名』》 / 〈C〉陣痛
時期尚早の,早すぎた / 早計の,早まった / 早産の

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/11/19 02:10:54」(JST)

wiki en

Premature atrial contractions (PACs), also known as atrial premature complexes (APC) or atrial premature beats (APB), are a common cardiac dysrhythmia characterized by premature heartbeats originating in the atria. While the sinoatrial node typically regulates the heartbeat during normal sinus rhythm, PACs occur when another region of the atria depolarizes before the sinoatrial node and thus triggers a premature heartbeat.The exact cause of PACs is unclear; while several predisposing conditions exist, PACs commonly occur in healthy young and elderly people without heart disease, and by themselves are not considered an abnormal finding.^[1]^[2] PACs are often completely asymptomatic and may be noted only with Holter monitoring, but occasionally they can be perceived as a skipped beat or a jolt in the chest. In most cases, no treatment other than reassurance is needed for PACs, although medications such as beta blockers can reduce the frequency of symptomatic PACs.

Diagnosis

Premature atrial contractions are typically diagnosed with an electrocardiogram, Holter monitor, or cardiac event monitor.

Prognosis

In otherwise healthy patients, occasional premature atrial contractions are a common and normal finding and do not indicate any particular health risk. Rarely, in patients with other underlying structural heart problems, PACs can trigger a more serious arrhythmia such as atrial flutter or atrial fibrillation.^{[citation needed]} In otherwise healthy people PACs usually disappear with adolescence.

Treatment

Premature atrial contractions are often benign, requiring no treatment. Occasionally, the patient having the PAC will find these symptoms bothersome, in which case the doctor may treat the PACs. Sometimes the PACs can indicate heart disease or an increased risk for other cardiac arrhythmias. In this case the underlying cause is treated. Often a beta blocker will be prescribed for symptomatic PACs. ^[3]

Electrocardiogram

On an electrocardiogram (ECG), PACs are characterized by an abnormally shaped P wave. Since the premature beat initiates outside the sinoatrial node, the associated P wave appears different from those seen in normal sinus rhythm. Typically, the atrial impulse propagates normally through the atrioventricular node and into the cardiac ventricles, resulting in a normal, narrow QRS complex. However, if the atrial beat is premature enough, it may reach the atrioventricular node during its refractory period, in which case it will not be conducted to the ventricle and there will be no QRS complex following the P wave.

References

^ Brodsky M, Wu D, Denes P, Kanakis C, Rosen KM (March 1977). "Arrhythmias documented by 24 hour continuous electrocardiographic monitoring in 50 male medical students without apparent heart disease". Am. J. Cardiol. 39 (3): 390–5. doi:10.1016/S0002-9149(77)80094-5. PMID 65912.
^ Folarin VA, Fitzsimmons PJ, Kruyer WB (September 2001). "Holter monitor findings in asymptomatic male military aviators without structural heart disease". Aviat Space Environ Med 72 (9): 836–8. PMID 11565820.
^ Premature Atrial Contraction

UpToDate Contents

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1. 上室性期外収縮 supraventricular premature beats
2. 心電図チュートリアル：心房性および房室結節性（上室性）不整脈 ecg tutorial atrial and atrioventricular nodal supraventricular arrhythmias
3. 小児における不規則な心拍（不整脈） irregular heart rate arrhythmias in children
4. Overview of the general approach to diagnosis and treatment of fetal arrhythmias
5. 癌免疫療法の原則 principles of cancer immunotherapy

English Journal

Arrhythmias during and after zoledronic acid infusion patients with bone metastasis.

Yazici O, Aksoy S, Ucar O, Ozdemir N, Demir M, Sendur MA, Arik Z, Yaman S, Eren T, Uncu D, Zengin N.SourceDepartment of Medical Oncology, Ankara Numune Education and Research Hospital, 06100 Sihhiye, Ankara, Turkey. drozanyazici@gmail.com
Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England).Med Oncol.2013 Sep;30(3):609. doi: 10.1007/s12032-013-0609-5. Epub 2013 May 21.
Zoledronic acid (ZA) is one of the important bisphosphonates which is widely used in bone metastatic cancer and osteoporotic patients. In a few studies, it has been reported that treatment with bisphosphonates was associated with an increased risk of atrial fibrillation. We aimed to evaluate the arr
PMID 23690271

Incidence of Supraventricular Arrhythmias during Autologous Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Transplantation.

Singla A, Hogan WJ, Ansell SM, Buadi FK, Dingli D, Dispenzieri A, Gastineau DA, Gertz MA, Hayman SR, Inwards DJ, Johnston PB, Lacy MQ, Litzow MR, Micallef IN, Porrata LF, Kumar SK.SourceDepartment of Internal Medicine, Creighton University Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska.
Biology of blood and marrow transplantation : journal of the American Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation.Biol Blood Marrow Transplant.2013 Aug;19(8):1233-7. doi: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2013.05.019. Epub 2013 Jun 6.
Arrhythmias, especially supraventricular arrhythmias, often complicate the clinical course during autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation (AHCT). We wanted to determine the incidence and risk factors for cardiac arrhythmias during AHCT. The study included 983 patients (median age, 58 years [ra
PMID 23747600

Application of higher order cumulant features for cardiac health diagnosis using ecg signals.

Martis RJ, Acharya UR, Lim CM, Mandana KM, Ray AK, Chakraborty C.SourceDepartment of Electronics and Computer Engineering, Ngee Ann Polytechnic, Singapore 599489, Singapore.
International journal of neural systems.Int J Neural Syst.2013 Aug;23(4):1350014. doi: 10.1142/S0129065713500147. Epub 2013 May 31.
Electrocardiogram (ECG) is the electrical activity of the heart indicated by P, Q-R-S and T wave. The minute changes in the amplitude and duration of ECG depicts a particular type of cardiac abnormality. It is very difficult to decipher the hidden information present in this nonlinear and nonstation
PMID 23746287

Japanese Journal

期外収縮症例における冠動脈CTの検討 : 64列MDCTと320列ADCTの比較

佐野始也,松谷英幸,近藤武 [他],藤本進一郎,関根貴子,新井雄大,森山ひとみ,高瀬真一
日本放射線技術學會雜誌 68(8), 951-960, 2012-08-20
… Background: Because coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) by 320-area detector CT (320-ADCT) can be obtained in a short time, the probability of meeting up with premature contraction (PC) during scanning may be lower in 320-ADCT compared to 64-MDCT. … The 320-ADCT was performed in 2424 consecutive patients to include 70 atrial fibrillations (Afibs) and 64-MDCT in 1905 consecutive patients to include 51 Afibs. …
NAID 10030705294

周術期によく遭遇する不整脈と抗不整脈薬の使い方 : (1)期外収縮

尾前毅
日本臨床麻酔学会誌 = The Journal of Japan Society for Clinical Anesthesia 32(3), 461-467, 2012-05-15
NAID 10030763470

ガイドラインより見た心房細動・心室期外収縮の治療

奥村謙
日本内科学会雑誌 101(3), 712-718, 2012-03-10
NAID 10031123067

Related Pictures

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「心房性期外収縮」「supraventricular premature beat」「上室性期外収縮」「premature atrial complex」「premature supraventricular beat」
関連記事	「contraction」「premature」「atrial」

「心房性期外収縮」

Premature atrial contraction
	Two PACs as seen on a rhythm strip
Classification and external resources
Specialty	cardiology
ICD-10	I49.1
ICD-9-CM	427.61
MeSH	D018880

　　[★]

英: atrial premature contraction, APC, atrial premature complex, atrial premature beat APB, premature atrial contraction PAC premature atrial contractions PACs
同: 心房期外収縮
関: 上室性期外収縮　←　上位概念

[show details]

心房性期外収縮 : 約 2,720 件
心房期外収縮 : 約 4,220 件

心房内の異所性中枢からの期外収縮。

「supraventricular premature beat」

　　[★]

上室性期外収縮、心房期外収縮、心房性期外収縮

関: atrial premature beat、atrial premature complex、premature atrial complex、premature atrial contraction、premature supraventricular beat

「上室性期外収縮」

　　[★]

英: supraventricular premature contraction, SVPC, premature atrial contraction, supraventricular extrasystole
関: 心房性期外収縮、心房期外収縮。心室性期外収縮

「premature atrial complex」

　　[★] 心房性期外収縮

関: atrial premature beat、atrial premature complex、premature atrial contraction、premature supraventricular beat、supraventricular premature beat

「premature supraventricular beat」

　　[★] 上室性期外収縮

関: atrial premature complex、premature atrial complex、premature atrial contraction、supraventricular premature beat

「contraction」

　　[★]

n.

短縮、収縮。(筋肉の)収縮、攣縮。(医)(腎・肝・膀胱などの)萎縮
縮小。制限。(通貨・資金などの)制限、回収、縮小。不況
(数)縮小、縮約。省略算。(文法)縮約、短縮
負債を作ること、病気にかかること、癖のつくこと
交わり/約束を結ぶこと(of)

「premature」

　　[★]

adj.

早発、早発性の、早熟性の、成熟前の、未熟な、(遺伝子配列などで)中途での

関: early-onset、halfway、immature、immaturity、midway、precocious、precocity、prematurely、untrained

「atrial」

　　[★]

adj.

心房性の、心房の

関: atria、atrium、heart atria、heart atrium

[med-students-1] Brodsky M, Wu D, Denes P, Kanakis C, Rosen KM (March 1977). "Arrhythmias documented by 24 hour continuous electrocardiographic monitoring in 50 male medical students without apparent heart disease". Am. J. Cardiol. 39 (3): 390–5. doi:10.1016/S0002-9149(77)80094-5. PMID 65912.

[aviators-2] Folarin VA, Fitzsimmons PJ, Kruyer WB (September 2001). "Holter monitor findings in asymptomatic male military aviators without structural heart disease". Aviat Space Environ Med 72 (9): 836–8. PMID 11565820.

[3] Premature Atrial Contraction

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premature atrial contraction