心房性期外収縮
WordNet
- (physiology) a shortening or tensing of a part or organ (especially of a muscle or muscle fiber) (同)muscular_contraction, muscle_contraction
- the act of decreasing (something) in size or volume or quantity or scope
- a word formed from two or more words by omitting or combining some sounds; "`wont is a contraction of `will not"; "`oclock is a contraction of `of the clock"
- born after a gestation period of less than the normal time; "a premature infant"
- uncommonly early or before the expected time; "illness led to his premature death"; "alcohol brought him to an untimely end" (同)untimely
- of or relating to a cavity or chamber in the body (especially one of the upper chambers of the heart)
PrepTutorEJDIC
- 〈U〉〈C〉(…の)収縮,短縮《+『of』+『名』》 / 〈U〉(通貨・資金・支出などの)縮小,節減《+『of』+『名』》 / 〈U〉(いやなこと・よくないことを)身に負うこと,(悪習などが)身につくこと《+『of』+『名』》 / 〈C〉陣痛
- 時期尚早の,早すぎた / 早計の,早まった / 早産の
Wikipedia preview
出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/12/21 15:02:52」(JST)
[Wiki en表示]
| Premature atrial contraction |
| Classification and external resources |
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Two PACs as seen on a rhythm strip
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| ICD-10 |
I49.1 |
| ICD-9 |
427.61 |
| MeSH |
D018880 |
Premature atrial contractions (PACs), also known as atrial premature complexes (APC) or atrial premature beats (APB), are a common cardiac dysrhythmia characterized by premature heartbeats originating in the atria. While the sinoatrial node typically regulates the heartbeat during normal sinus rhythm, PACs occur when another region of the atria depolarizes before the sinoatrial node and thus triggers a premature heartbeat.The exact cause of PACs is unclear; while several predisposing conditions exist, PACs commonly occur in healthy young and elderly people without heart disease, and by themselves are not considered an abnormal finding.[1][2] PACs are often completely asymptomatic and may be noted only with Holter monitoring, but occasionally they can be perceived as a skipped beat or a jolt in the chest. In most cases, no treatment other than reassurance is needed for PACs, although medications such as beta blockers can reduce the frequency of symptomatic PACs.
Contents
- 1 Diagnosis
- 2 Prognosis
- 3 Treatment
- 4 Electrocardiogram
- 5 See also
- 6 References
Diagnosis
Premature atrial contractions are typically diagnosed with an electrocardiogram, Holter monitor, or cardiac event monitor.
Prognosis
In otherwise healthy patients, occasional premature atrial contractions are a common and normal finding and do not indicate any particular health risk. Rarely, in patients with other underlying structural heart problems, PACs can trigger a more serious arrhythmia such as atrial flutter or atrial fibrillation.[citation needed] In otherwise healthy people PACs usually disappear with adolescence.These are usually gone by the end of third decade.
Treatment
Premature atrial contractions are often benign, requiring no treatment. Occasionally, the patient having the PAC will find these symptoms bothersome, in which case the doctor may treat the PACs. Sometimes the PACs can indicate heart disease or an increased risk for other cardiac arrhythmias. In this case the underlying cause is treated. Often a beta blocker will be prescribed for symptomatic PACs. [3]
Electrocardiogram
On an electrocardiogram (EKG), PACs are characterized by an abnormally shaped P wave. Since the premature beat initiates outside the sinoatrial node, the associated P wave appears different from those seen in normal sinus rhythm. Typically, the atrial impulse propagates normally through the atrioventricular node and into the cardiac ventricles, resulting in a normal, narrow QRS complex. However, if the atrial beat is premature enough, it may reach the atrioventricular node during its refractory period, in which case it will not be conducted to the ventricle and there will be no QRS complex following the P wave.
See also
- Premature ventricular contraction
References
- ^ Brodsky M, Wu D, Denes P, Kanakis C, Rosen KM (March 1977). "Arrhythmias documented by 24 hour continuous electrocardiographic monitoring in 50 male medical students without apparent heart disease". Am. J. Cardiol. 39 (3): 390–5. doi:10.1016/S0002-9149(77)80094-5. PMID 65912.
- ^ Folarin VA, Fitzsimmons PJ, Kruyer WB (September 2001). "Holter monitor findings in asymptomatic male military aviators without structural heart disease". Aviat Space Environ Med 72 (9): 836–8. PMID 11565820.
- ^ Premature Atrial Contraction
- Cardiovascular disease: heart disease
- Circulatory system pathology
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| Ischaemic |
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Coronary disease
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- Coronary artery disease (CAD)
- Coronary artery aneurysm
- Coronary artery dissection
- Coronary thrombosis
- Coronary vasospasm
- Myocardial bridge
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Active ischemia
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- Angina pectoris
- Prinzmetal's angina
- Stable angina
- Acute coronary syndrome
- Myocardial infarction
- Unstable angina
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Sequelae
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- hours
- Hibernating myocardium
- Myocardial stunning
- days
- weeks
- Aneurysm of heart / Ventricular aneurysm
- Dressler's syndrome
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| Layers |
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Pericardium
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- Pericarditis
- Acute
- Chronic / Constrictive
- Pericardial effusion
- Cardiac tamponade
- Hemopericardium
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Myocardium
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- Myocarditis
- Cardiomyopathy: Dilated (Alcoholic), Hypertrophic, and Restrictive
- Loeffler endocarditis
- Cardiac amyloidosis
- Endocardial fibroelastosis
- Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia
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Endocardium /
valves
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Endocarditis
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- infective endocarditis
- Subacute bacterial endocarditis
- non-infective endocarditis
- Libman–Sacks endocarditis
- Nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis
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Valves
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- mitral
- regurgitation
- prolapse
- stenosis
- aortic
- tricuspid
- pulmonary
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Conduction /
arrhythmia |
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Bradycardia
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- Sinus bradycardia
- Sick sinus syndrome
- Heart block: Sinoatrial
- AV
- Intraventricular
- Bundle branch block
- Right
- Left
- Left anterior fascicle
- Left posterior fascicle
- Bifascicular
- Trifascicular
- Adams–Stokes syndrome
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Tachycardia
(paroxysmal and sinus)
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Supraventricular
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- Atrial
- Junctional
- AV nodal reentrant
- Junctional ectopic
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Ventricular
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- Accelerated idioventricular rhythm
- Catecholaminergic polymorphic
- Torsades de pointes
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Premature contraction
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Pre-excitation syndrome
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- Lown–Ganong–Levine
- Wolff–Parkinson–White
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Flutter / fibrillation
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- Atrial flutter
- Ventricular flutter
- Atrial fibrillation
- Ventricular fibrillation
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Pacemaker
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- Ectopic pacemaker / Ectopic beat
- Multifocal atrial tachycardia
- Pacemaker syndrome
- Parasystole
- Wandering pacemaker
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Long QT syndrome
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- Andersen–Tawil
- Jervell and Lange-Nielsen
- Romano–Ward
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Cardiac arrest
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- Sudden cardiac death
- Asystole
- Pulseless electrical activity
- Sinoatrial arrest
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Other / ungrouped
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- hexaxial reference system
- Right axis deviation
- Left axis deviation
- QT
- T
- ST
- Osborn wave
- ST elevation
- ST depression
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| Cardiomegaly |
- Ventricular hypertrophy
- Left
- Right / Cor pulmonale
- Atrial enlargement
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| Other |
- Cardiac fibrosis
- Heart failure
- Diastolic heart failure
- Cardiac asthma
- Rheumatic fever
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noco/cong/tumr, sysi/epon, injr
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proc, drug (C1A/1B/1C/1D), blte
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UpToDate Contents
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English Journal
- Coupled pacing controls rapid heart rates better than paired pacing during atrial fibrillation.
- Kardos A, Abraham P, Mihalcz A, Foldesi C, Szili-Torok T.Source1Department of Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology, National Institute of Cardiology, Haller u. 29, 1096 Budapest, Hungary.
- Europace : European pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac electrophysiology : journal of the working groups on cardiac pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac cellular electrophysiology of the European Society of Cardiology.Europace.2011 Sep 22. [Epub ahead of print]
- AimsDelivery of a ventricular extrastimulus shortly after the effective refractory period (ERP) of a sensed (coupled pacing; CP) or a paced (paired pacing; PP) ventricular event can instantly decrease the mechanical pulse rate (MPR) during rapidly conducting atrial fibrillation (AF). We compared the
- PMID 21946818
- Use of An Implantable Monitor to Detect Arrhythmia Recurrences and Select Patients for Early Repeat Catheter Ablation for Atrial Fibrillation: A Pilot Study.
- Pokushalov E, Romanov A, Corbucci G, Artyomenko S, Turov A, Shirokova N, Karaskov A.Source1 State Research Institute of Circulation Pathology, Novosibirsk, Russia;
- Circulation. Arrhythmia and electrophysiology.Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol.2011 Sep 19. [Epub ahead of print]
- BACKGROUND: -Catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation (AF) has proved effective in curing highly symptomatic patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF). Aim of this prospective randomized study was to identify the optimal management of patients with AF recurrences after the first ablation.ME
- PMID 21930653
Japanese Journal
- Anesthetic Management of a Patient with Deteriorated Cardiac Function Following Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
- NAGATA TAMAKI,MISHIMA YASUNORI,ITO TAKAHIKO,SAWADA MAIKO,HIRAKI TERUYUKI,HAMADA NOBUYA,MIYAWAKI NAO,ITO ASUKA,WATANABE SEIJI,USHIJIMA KAZUO
- The Kurume Medical Journal 57(3), 81-84, 2010
- … On arrival at the operating room, the patient showed serious hypotension, atrial fibrillation with multifocal ventricular premature contractions, and metabolic acidosis. …
- NAID 130000441796
- P Wave Morphology of an Arrhythmogenic Focus in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation Originating From a Pulmonary Vein or the Superior Vena Cava
- Ohkubo Kimie,Watanabe Ichiro,Yamada Takeshi,Okumura Yasuo,Hashimoto Kenichi,Ashino Sonoko,Kofune Masayoshi,Kofune Tatsuya,Shindo Atsushi,Sugimura Hidezou,Nakai Toshiko,Kunimoto Satoshi,Hirayama Atsushi
- Circulation journal : official journal of the Japanese Circulation Society 72(10), 1650-1657, 2008-09-20
- … Background It was hypothesized that atrial premature contractions (APCs) originating in the pulmonary veins (PVs) or superior vena cava (SVC) can be localized by evaluating characteristics of the P wave. … Methods and Results Thirty-eight patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation were studied. …
- NAID 110006935608
Related Links
- Premature atrial contractions (PACs), also known as atrial premature complexes ( APC) or atrial premature beats (APB), are a common cardiac arrhythmia characterized by premature heartbeats originating in the atria. While the sinoatrial node ...
★リンクテーブル★
[★]
- 英
- atrial premature contraction, APC, atrial premature complex, atrial premature beat APB, premature atrial contraction PAC premature atrial contractions PACs
- 同
- 心房期外収縮
- 関
- 上室性期外収縮 ← 上位概念
[show details]
[★]
[★]
- 短縮、収縮。(筋肉の)収縮、攣縮。(医)(腎・肝・膀胱などの)萎縮
- 縮小。制限。(通貨・資金などの)制限、回収、縮小。不況
- (数)縮小、縮約。省略算。(文法)縮約、短縮
- 負債を作ること、病気にかかること、癖のつくこと
- 交わり/約束を結ぶこと(of)
[★]
- 早発、早発性の、早熟性の、成熟前の、未熟な、(遺伝子配列などで)中途での
- 関
- early-onset、halfway、immature、immaturity、midway、precocious、precocity、prematurely、untrained
[★]
- 関
- atria、atrium、heart atria、heart atrium