WordNet

a special situation; "this thing has got to end"; "it is a remarkable thing"
a separate and self-contained entity
an action; "how could you do such a thing?"
an artifact; "how does this thing work?"
an entity that is not named specifically; "I couldnt tell what the thing was"
any attribute or quality considered as having its own existence; "the thing I like about her is ..."
a persistent illogical feeling of desire or aversion; "he has a thing about seafood"; "she has a thing about him"
a special abstraction; "a thing of the spirit"; "things of the heart"
a special objective; "the thing is to stay in bounds"
a statement regarded as an object; "to say the same thing in other terms"; "how can you say such a thing?"
an event; "a funny thing happened on the way to the..."
located or occurring within or closer to a center; "an inner room"
located inward; "Beethovens manuscript looks like a bloody record of a tremendous inner battle"- Leonard Bernstein; "she thinks she has no soul, no interior life, but the truth is that she has no access to it"- David Denby; "an internal sense of rightousness"- A.R.Gurney,Jr. (同)interior, internal
innermost or essential; "the inner logic of Cubism"; "the internal contradictions of the theory"; "the intimate structure of matter" (同)internal, intimate
exclusive to a center; especially a center of influence; "inner regions of the organization"; "inner circles of government"
inside or closer to the inside of the body; "the inner ear"
fruiting spike of a cereal plant especially corn (同)spike, capitulum
attention to what is said; "he tried to get her ear"
good hearing; "he had a keen ear"; "a good ear for pitch"
the sense organ for hearing and equilibrium

PrepTutorEJDIC

〈C〉(形のある)『物』,物体;(生物に対しての)『無生物』 / 〈C〉(形のない)『もの』,事,事柄,でき事 / 《複数形で》事情,事態,状勢,状況 / 《複数形で》(すべての)事物,事柄 / 《通例 the~》(努力・活動などの)目的,目標 / 〈C〉衣服,衣類・《one's things》持ち物,所持品,身の回り品 / 《複数形で》道具,用具・〈C〉《親愛・哀れみ・軽べつなどの感情をこめて》人,者,やつ / 《the~》《話》(…の)流行《+in+名》
『内側の』,『内部の』,奥の / 『精神の』,心の / 親密な;内密の
《所有・所属》…『の』,…のものである,…に属する・《材料・要素》…『でできた』,から成る・《部分》…『の』[『中の』] ・《数量・単位・種類を表す名詞に付いて》…の・《原因・動機》…『で』,のために(because of) ・《主格関係》…『の』,による,によって・《目的格関係》…『を』,の・《同格関係》…『という』・《関係・関連》…『についての』[『の』],の点で・《抽象名詞などと共に》…の[性質をもつ] ・《『It is』+『形』+『of』+『名』+『to』 doの形で,ofの後の名詞を意味上の主語として》・《分離》…『から』・《起原・出所》…『から』[『の』](out of) ・《『名』+『of』+『a』(『an』)+『名』の形で》…のような・《『名』+『of』+『mine』(『yours, his』など独立所有格)の形で》…の…・《時》(1)《副詞句を作って》…に《形容詞句を作って》…の・《時刻》《米》…前(to,《米》before)
《前述の名詞または文脈でそれと分かる名詞に付けて》『その』,あの,名の / 《唯一の事物に付けて》 / 《方角・自然現象に付けて》 / 《用具・楽器・特定の病気などに付けて》 / 《修飾吾[句]を伴う名詞に付けて》 / 《単数普通名詞に付けて》(1)《種族全体》…『というもの』 / 《複数名詞または集合名詞に付けて》 / 《単位》『…につき;…単位[で]』 / 《身体の一部に付けて,所有格に代わる》 / 《形容詞に付けて》 / 《固有名詞に付けて》 / 《強意用法に》『随一の』,典型的な / 《「the+比較級,the+比較級」の形で》『…すればするほどそれだけ』 / 《比較級の前に》(…につれて,のために)『それだけ』,ますます
〈C〉『耳』 / 《単数形で》『聴覚』,聴力,音感 / 《単数形で》じっと聞くこと,傾聴 / 〈C〉耳の形をした物
(麦・とうもろこしなどの)穂

UpToDate Contents

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1. 中耳外傷の評価およびマネージメント evaluation and management of middle ear trauma
2. 小児における耳痛の評価 evaluation of earache in children
3. 耳圧外傷 ear barotrauma
4. 耳介（耳）裂傷の評価およびマネージメント assessment and management of auricle ear lacerations
5. 成人における難聴の病因 etiology of hearing loss in adults

English Journal

[Motion sickness in lower vertebrates: studies under conditions of weightlessness and under land conditions].

Lychakov DV.AbstractThe review presents literature data and results of the author's studies with the goal to find out whether lower animals are susceptible to motion sickness. In our studies, fish and amphibians were tested for 2 h and more by using a rotating device (f = 0.24Nz, a(centrifugal) = 0.144 g) and a parallel swing (f = 0.2 Nz, a(horizontal) = 0.059 g). The performed studies did not reveal in 4 fish species and in toads any characteristic reactions of motion sickness (sopite syndrome, prodromal preparatory behavior, vomiting). At the same time, in toads characteristic stress reactions appeared (escape response, an increase in the number of urinations, inhibition of appetite), as well as some other reactions not associated with motion sickness (regular head movements, eye retraction). In trout fry this stimulation promoted dividing individuals into groups different by locomotor reaction to stress, as well as revealing individuals with a well-expressed compensatory reaction that we called the otolithotropic reaction. Analysis of results obtained by other authors confirms our conclusion. Thus, lower vertebrates, unlike mammals, are immune to motion sickness either under land conditions or under conditions of weightlessness. On the basis of available experimental data and theoretical concepts of mechanisms of motion sickness development formulated in several hypotheses (mismatch hypothesis, Traisman's hypothesis, resonance hypothesis) a synthetic hypothesis of motion sickness is presented that has the conceptual significance. According to the hypothesis, unusual stimulation producing sensomotor or senso-sensory conflict or action of vestibular and visual stimuli of about 0.2 Hz frequency is perceived by CNS as poisoning and causes corresponding reactions. The motion sickness actually is a byproduct of technical evolution. It is suggested that lower vertebrates, unlike mammals, lack a hypothetical center of subjective "nauseating" sensations; therefore they are immune to motion sickness.
Zhurnal evoliutsionnoĭ biokhimii i fiziologii.Zh Evol Biokhim Fiziol.2012 Nov-Dec;48(6):613-31.
The review presents literature data and results of the author's studies with the goal to find out whether lower animals are susceptible to motion sickness. In our studies, fish and amphibians were tested for 2 h and more by using a rotating device (f = 0.24Nz, a(centrifugal) = 0.144 g) and a paralle
PMID 23401973

Assessment of lateral line function: a potential technique for studies in ototoxicity.

Brack CL, Ramcharitar J.SourceDepartment of Biology, St. Mary's College of Maryland, 18952 E. Fisher Drive, St. Mary's City, MD 20686, USA.
Journal of clinical neuroscience : official journal of the Neurosurgical Society of Australasia.J Clin Neurosci.2012 Feb;19(2):333-5. doi: 10.1016/j.jocn.2011.06.008. Epub 2011 Nov 2.
In zebrafish neuromast hair cells, the process of programmed cell death ototoxic damage is strikingly similar to that of degenerating hair cells of the mammalian organ of Corti. Therefore, in vivo zebrafish assays involving the lateral line have been developed for drug ototoxicity screening. This is
PMID 22051025

Impact of long-term serum platinum concentrations on neuro- and ototoxicity in Cisplatin-treated survivors of testicular cancer.

Sprauten M, Darrah TH, Peterson DR, Campbell ME, Hannigan RE, Cvancarova M, Beard C, Haugnes HS, Fosså SD, Oldenburg J, Travis LB.SourceNorwegian Radium Hospital-Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.J Clin Oncol.2012 Jan 20;30(3):300-7. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2011.37.4025. Epub 2011 Dec 19.
PURPOSE: Cisplatin-induced neurotoxicity and ototoxicity (NTX) are important adverse effects after chemotherapy for testicular cancer (TC). Although serum platinum is measurable years after therapy, its impact on NTX has not been evaluated.PATIENTS AND METHODS: In all, 169 cisplatin-treated survivor
PMID 22184390

Japanese Journal

:第1報Control, Anoxia負荷及び炭酸ガス負荷

鈴木浩二
日本耳鼻咽喉科学会会報 83(7), 806-815, 1980
… Oxygen transport to the inner ear is carried out by the inner ear blood flow and diffusion, and oxygen is necessary to maintain the inner earfunction. …
NAID 130000810226

有機水銀中毒の聴力障害

藤崎隆三,大野吉昭,大竹欣哉
AUDIOLOGY JAPAN 14(5), 484-491, 1971
… In 1965, a mysterious illness, diagnosed chronic organic mercury poisoning, began to affect the inhabitants, especially fishermen, farmers and their families, who lived in around the mouth area of river AGANO, situated in suburbs of Niigata city, Japan. …
NAID 130003710785

神経難聴に対するVitamin E療法

森満保,菅文朗,中島雅子,中島恒彦
耳鼻と臨床 10(1), 52-62, 1964
… Seventy-five ears of sensory-neural deafness such as acoustic trauma, Streptomycin poisoning, presbycusis, cochlear vascular disorder and non-classified deafness were treated with α-tocopherol acetate, 150-450 mg per day by oral administration for several weeks.<BR>Recently, many biochemical actions of vitamin E were found in addition to antisteril action. …
NAID 130004401418