WordNet

(physical chemistry) a fourth state of matter distinct from solid or liquid or gas and present in stars and fusion reactors; a gas becomes a plasma when it is heated until the atoms lose all their electrons, leaving a highly electrified collection of nuclei and free electrons; "particles in space exist in the form of a plasma"
a green slightly translucent variety of chalcedony used as a gemstone
the colorless watery fluid of the blood and lymph that contains no cells, but in which the blood cells (erythrocytes, leukocytes, and thrombocytes) are suspended (同)plasm, blood_plasma
any of a large group of nitrogenous organic compounds that are essential constituents of living cells; consist of polymers of amino acids; essential in the diet of animals for growth and for repair of tissues; can be obtained from meat and eggs and milk and legumes; "a diet high in protein"

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(また『blood plasma』)血漿,リンパ漿 / 原形質
蛋白(たんばく)質

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/05/14 20:44:32」(JST)

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Plasma proteins, also termed serum proteins or blood proteins, are proteins present in blood plasma. They serve many different functions, including transport of lipids, hormones, vitamins and metals in the circulatory system and the regulation of acellular activity and functioning and in the immune system. Other blood proteins act as enzymes, complement components, protease inhibitors or kinin precursors. Contrary to popular belief, hemoglobin is not a blood protein, as it is carried within red blood cells, rather than in the blood serum.

Serum albumin accounts for 55% of blood proteins, and is a major contributor to maintaining the osmotic pressure of plasma to assist in the transport of lipids and steroid hormones. Globulins make up 38% of blood proteins and transport ions, hormones and lipids assisting in immune function. Fibrinogen comprise 7% of blood proteins; conversion of fibrinogen to insoluble fibrin is essential for blood clotting. The remainder of plasma proteins (1%) is made up of regulatory proteins such as enzymes, proenzymes and hormones. All blood proteins are synthesized in liver except for the gamma globulins.

Separating serum proteins by electrophoresis is a valuable diagnostic tool as well as a way to monitor clinical progress. Current research regarding blood plasma proteins is centered on performing proteomics analyses of serum/plasma in the search for biomarkers. These efforts started with two-dimensional gel electrophoresis^[1] efforts in the 1970s and in more recent times this research has been performed using LC-tandem MS^[2]^[3] based proteomics. The normal laboratory value of serum total protein is around 7 g/dL.

Families of blood proteins [edit]

Blood protein	Normal level	%	Function
Albumins	3.5-5.0 g/dl	55%	maintains colloid osmotic pressure; create oncotic pressure and transport insoluble molecules
Globulins	2.0-2.5 g/dl	38%	participate in immune system
Fibrinogen	0.2-0.45 g/dl	7%	Blood coagulation
Regulatory proteins		<1%	Regulation of gene expression
Clotting factors		<1%	Conversion of fibrinogen into Fibrin

Examples of specific blood proteins [edit]

Prealbumin
Alpha 1 antitrypsin (neutralizes trypsin that has leaked from the digestive system)
Alpha 1 acid glycoprotein
Alpha 1 fetoprotein
alpha2-macroglobulin
Gamma globulins
Beta 2 microglobulin
Haptoglobin
Ceruloplasmin
Complement component 3
Complement component 4
Lipoproteins
C-reactive protein (CRP)
Lipoproteins (chylomicrons, VLDL, LDL, HDL)
Transferrin
Prothrombin
MBL or MBP

References [edit]

^ Anderson NL and Anderson NG (1977). "High Resolution Two-Dimensional Electrophoresis of Human Plasma Proteins". Proceeding of the National Academy of Sciences 74 (12): 5421–5425. doi:10.1073/pnas.74.12.5421. PMC 431746. PMID 271964.
^ Adkins JN et al. (2002). "Toward a human blood serum proteome: analysis by multidimensional separation coupled with mass spectrometry". Molecular and Cellular Proteomics 1 (12): 947–955. doi:10.1074/mcp.M200066-MCP200. PMID 12543931.
^ Jacobs JM et al. (2005). "Utilizing human blood plasma for proteomic biomarker discovery". Journal of Proteome Research 4 (4): 1073–1085. doi:10.1021/pr0500657. PMID 16083256.

Clinical Chemistry : a laboratory perspective / [edited by] Wendy Arneson, Jean Brickell.

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King W1, van der Weegen W2, Van Drumpt R3, Soons H4, Toler K5, Woodell-May J6.
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PLOS ONE 10(3), e0120434, 2015-03-20
… To address whether polymorphisms in the accessory HIV-1 protein Vpu are associated with EC status we functionally analyzed a panel of plasma-derived vpu alleles from 15 EC and 16 chronic progressor (CP) patients. …
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Wang Xi,Cai Hua,Li Yong [他]
Journal of plant research 128(1), 103-113, 2015-01
NAID 40020349883

「血漿タンパク質」

　　[★]

英: plasma protein
同: 血漿蛋白質、血漿蛋白
関: 総蛋白

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血漿タンパク質 : 約 25,600 件
血漿タンパク : 約 24,200 件
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「serum protein」

　　[★]

血清蛋白、血清蛋白質、血清タンパク質

関: blood protein、plasma protein

「blood protein」

　　[★]

血液タンパク質

関: hemoprotein、plasma protein、serum protein

「pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A」

　　[★]

(胎盤で生成される妊娠の生化学的マーカー)妊娠関連血漿タンパク質A

関: PAPP-A

「plasma protein fraction」

　　[★]

血漿タンパク質分画、血漿蛋白質分画

[Anderson_1977-1] Anderson NL and Anderson NG (1977). "High Resolution Two-Dimensional Electrophoresis of Human Plasma Proteins". Proceeding of the National Academy of Sciences 74 (12): 5421–5425. doi:10.1073/pnas.74.12.5421. PMC 431746. PMID 271964.

[Adkins_2002-2] Adkins JN et al. (2002). "Toward a human blood serum proteome: analysis by multidimensional separation coupled with mass spectrometry". Molecular and Cellular Proteomics 1 (12): 947–955. doi:10.1074/mcp.M200066-MCP200. PMID 12543931.

[Jacobs_2005-3] Jacobs JM et al. (2005). "Utilizing human blood plasma for proteomic biomarker discovery". Journal of Proteome Research 4 (4): 1073–1085. doi:10.1021/pr0500657. PMID 16083256.

リンク元	「血漿タンパク質」「serum protein」「blood protein」
拡張検索	「pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A」「plasma protein fraction」

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plasma protein