WordNet

to arrange for; "place a phone call"; "place a bet"
a particular situation; "If you were in my place what would you do?" (同)shoes
proper or designated social situation; "he overstepped his place"; "the responsibilities of a man in his station"; "married above her station" (同)station
proper or appropriate position or location; "a womans place is no longer in the kitchen"
an item on a list or in a sequence; "in the second place"; "moved from third to fifth position" (同)position
any area set aside for a particular purpose; "who owns this place?"; "the president was concerned about the property across from the White House" (同)property
a general vicinity; "He comes from a place near Chicago"
an abstract mental location; "he has a special place in my thoughts"; "a place in my heart"; "a political system with no place for the less prominent groups"
the passage that is being read; "he lost his place on the page"
take a place in a competition; often followed by an ordinal; "Jerry came in third in the Marathon" (同)come_in, come_out
identify the location or place of; "We localized the source of the infection" (同)localize, localise
estimate; "We put the time of arrival at 8 P.M." (同)put, set
assign to (a job or a home)
finish second or better in a horse or dog race; "he bet $2 on number six to place"
place somebody in a particular situation or location; "he was placed on probation"
sing a note with the correct pitch
a belief that can guide behavior; "the architect has a theory that more is less"; "they killed him on the theory that dead men tell no tales"
a well-substantiated explanation of some aspect of the natural world; an organized system of accepted knowledge that applies in a variety of circumstances to explain a specific set of phenomena; "theories can incorporate facts and laws and tested hypothes
put in position in relation to other things; "end tables placed conveniently"

PrepTutorEJDIC

〈C〉『場所』,『位置』;(物の占める)空間 / 〈C〉『地域』,地方,土地 / 〈C〉(特定の目的のための)『場所』,建物 / 〈C〉《話》住居,家 / 〈C〉(体や物などの表面の)箇所,局部 / 〈C〉(書物中の)読んでいる家所 / 〈C〉席,座席 / 〈C〉『地位』,立場,境遇 / 〈C〉『職』,勤め口;(職場・学校などの)席,定員 / 〈C〉任務,役目 / 〈C〉(説明などの)順序,段階 / 〈C〉《米》(競馬などで)第2着 / 《多く固有名詞に用いて,P-》通り,広小路;広場 / 〈C〉(数字の)けた,位(くらい) / 《場所を表す副詞[句]を伴って》…‘を'『置く』,配置する,据える / (職,地位に)〈人〉‘を'つかせる,任ずる,〈人〉‘に'(…の)職を見つけてやる《+『名』+『in』(『as, with』)+『名』》 / (人・物に)〈信頼・希望など〉‘を'置く,かける《+『名』+『on』(『in』)+『名』》 / (店などに)(…の)〈注文〉‘を'出す《+『名』〈注文〉+『for』+『名』〈品物〉+『with』+『名』〈店〉》 / (…だと)…‘を'見きわめる,思い出す《+『名』+『as』+『名』》 / 《順位を示す副詞を伴って》(競争などで)…位(着)になる
〈C〉(…の)(学問的な)『理論』,学説《+of+名》 / 〈C〉〈U〉(…の実地に対する)『理論』《+of+名》 / 〈C〉(…という)『推測』,憶測;見解,孝え《+that節》
《英》《補語のみに用いて》(競馬などで)3着までに入賞する

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/05/08 09:58:08」(JST)

wiki en

Place theory is a theory of hearing which states that our perception of sound depends on where each component frequency produces vibrations along the basilar membrane. By this theory, the pitch of a musical tone is determined by the places where the membrane vibrates, based on frequencies corresponding to the tonotopic organization of the primary auditory neurons.^[1]^[2]

More generally, schemes that base attributes of auditory perception on the neural firing rate as a function of place are known as rate–place schemes.^[3]

The main alternative to the place theory is the temporal theory,^[2] also known as timing theory.^[1] These theories are closely linked with the volley principle or volley theory,^[4] a mechanism by which groups of neurons can encode the timing of a sound waveform. In all cases, neural firing patterns in time determine the perception of pitch. The combination known as the place–volley theory uses both mechanisms in combination, primarily coding low pitches by temporal pattern and high pitches by rate–place patterns.^[4] It is now generally believed that there is good evidence for both mechanisms.^[5]

The place theory is usually attributed to Hermann Helmholtz, though it was widely believed much earlier.^[6]^[7]

Experiments to distinguish between place theory and rate theory are difficult to devise, because of the strong correlation: large vibrations with low rate are produced at the apical end of the [basilar membrane] while large vibrations with high rate are produced at the basal end. The two can be controlled independently using cochlear implants: pulses with a range of rates can be applied via electrodes distributed along the membrane. Experiments using implant recipients showed that, at low stimulation rates, ratings of pitch on a pitch scale were proportional to the log of stimulation rate, but also decreased with distance from the round window. At higher rates, the effect of rate was weaker, but the effect of place was strong.^[8]

References

^ ^a ^b George Mather (2006). Foundations of perception. Psychology Press. ISBN 0-86377-834-8.
^ ^a ^b Brian C. J. Moore (2003). An introduction to the psychology of hearing. Emeraldn Group Publishing. ISBN 0-12-505628-1.
^ Bertrand Delgutte (1999). "Auditory Neural Processing of Speech". In William J. Hardcastle and John Laver. The Handbook of Phonetic Sciences. Blackwell Publishing. ISBN 0-631-21478-X.
^ ^a ^b Stanley A. Gelfand (2001). Essentials of Audiology. Thieme. ISBN 1-58890-017-7.
^ Alain d'Cheveigné (2005). "Pitch Perception Models". In Christopher J. Plack, Andrew J. Oxenham, Richard R. Fay, and Arthur N. Popper. Pitch. Birkhäuser. ISBN 0-387-23472-1.
^ Charles Lightfoot Barnes (1897). Practical Acoustics. Macmillan. p. 160.
^ Benjamin Martin (1781). The Young Gentleman and Lady's Philosophy: In a Continued Survey of the Works of Nature and Art by Way of Dialogue. W. Owen.
^ Fearn R, Carter P, Wolfe J (1999). "The perception of pitch by users of cochlear implants: possible significance for rate and place theories of pitch". Acoustics Australia 27 (2): 41–43.

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