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sensitivity to the action of radiant energy (同)radiosensitivity

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感光性の

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/05/22 19:38:12」(JST)

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Photosensitivity is the amount to which an object reacts upon receiving photons, especially visible light. In medicine, the term is principally used for abnormal reactions of the skin, and two types are distinguished, photoallergy and phototoxicity.^[1]^[2] The photosensitive ganglion cells in the mammalian eye are a separate class of light-detecting cells from the photoreceptor cells that function in vision.

Skin reactions

Human medicine

Sensitivity of the skin to a light source can take various forms. People with particular skin types are more sensitive to sunburn. Particular medications make the skin more sensitive to sunlight; these include most of the tetracycline antibiotics, heart drugs amiodarone, and sulfonamides. Particular conditions lead to increased light sensitivity. Patients with systemic lupus erythematosus experience skin symptoms after sunlight exposure; some types of porphyria are aggravated by sunlight. A rare hereditary condition xeroderma pigmentosum (a defect in DNA repair) is thought to increase the risk of UV-light-exposure-related cancer by increasing photosensitivity.

Veterinary medicine

Photosensitivity occurs in multiple species including sheep, bovine, and horses.

Photosensitizations are classified as primary if an ingested plant contains a photosensitive substance, like hypericin in St John's wort poisoning in sheep, or buckwheat plants (green or dried) in horses.^[3]

In hepatogenous photosensitization, the photosensitzing substance is phylloerythrin, a normal end-product of chlorophyll metabolism. ^[4] It accumulates in the body because of liver damage, reacts with UV light on the skin, and leads to free radical formation. These free radicals damage the skin, leading to ulceration, necrosis, and sloughing. Non-pigmented skin is most commonly affected.

Electronics

Certain electronic devices, such as photodiodes and charge-coupled devices, are designed to be sensitive to light. They are constructed to take advantage of the photoelectric effect, the emission of electrons from matter upon the absorption of electromagnetic radiation. When light (one form of electromagnetic radiation) impinges on the active surface of such a device, electrical current flowing through or electrical charge stored in the device will increase or decrease in proportion to the intensity and wavelength of the light, although there is an upper limit to the amount of electrons released vs the increased intensity of the light, this comes out of quantum mechanics. This trait allows the device to perform regulating and sensing functions of many kinds. For example, a photoresistor circuit may sense ambient light to turn on a street lamp at dusk. Digital cameras use an array of photodiodes whose extreme sensitivity to light allows them to convert incoming photons into varying electrical charges with great accuracy. The varying charges are then encoded in a binary file which can be stored and later viewed on a computer screen or other medium.

Interpretation in chemistry

Chemicals that are photosensitive may undergo chemical reactions when exposed to light. These chemicals, such as hydrogen peroxide and many prescription drugs, are stored in tinted or opaque containers until they are needed to prevent photodegradation. Devices that are photosensitive include the human retina and photographic film; their photosensitive materials undergo a chemical reaction when struck by light.

Typical substances that are photosensitive are alkali salts and silver halides.

External links

FDA article - Chemical Photosensitivity: Another Reason to Be Careful in the Sun
Toxic, Phototoxic and Sensitizing Essential Oils
Sensor sensitivity (ISO) in digital cameras
How to avoid overxposure to sunlight for the photosensitive

Notes

^ Anderson, D.M.; Keith, J.; Novac, P.; Elliott, M.A., ed. (1994). Dorland's Illustrated Medical Dictionary, 28th Edition. translated by. W. B. Saunders Company. ISBN 0721655777.
^ JH Epstein (1999). "Phototoxicity and photoallergy". Seminars in cutaneous medicine and surgery 18 (4): 274–284. PMID 10604793.
^ Understanding Horse Nutrition.Com on buckwheat
^ D.C. Blood, J.A. Henderson, O.M. Radostits (1979). Veterinary Medicine (5th ed.). London: Baillière Tindall. pp. 841–847 (Lactation Tetany). ISBN 0-7020-0718-8.

UpToDate Contents

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1. 光線過敏症（光線皮膚症）：臨床症状、診断、および治療 photosensitivity disorders photodermatoses clinical manifestations diagnosis and treatment
2. 皮膚光線過敏症の概要：光生物学、患者評価、および光保護 overview of cutaneous photosensitivity photobiology patient evaluation and photoprotection
3. 顔面紅斑が認められる患者に対するアプローチ approach to the patient with facial erythema
4. 多形日光疹 polymorphous light eruption
5. 偽ポルフィリン症 pseudoporphyria

English Journal

Voxel-based morphometry in epileptic baboons: Parallels to human juvenile myoclonic epilepsy.

Szabó CÁ1, Salinas FS2.
Epilepsy research.Epilepsy Res.2016 Aug;124:34-9. doi: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2016.05.009. Epub 2016 May 19.
The epileptic baboon represents a natural model for genetic generalized epilepsy (GGE), closely resembling juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME). Due to functional neuroimaging and pathological differences between epileptic (SZ+) and asymptomatic control (CTL) baboons, we expected structural differences
PMID 27259066

Efficient Ni(II)2Ln(III)2 Electrocyclization Catalysts for the Synthesis of trans-4,5-Diaminocyclopent-2-enones from 2-Furaldehyde and Primary or Secondary Amines.

Griffiths K1, Kumar P1, Mattock JD1, Abdul-Sada A1, Pitak MB2, Coles SJ2, Navarro O1, Vargas A1, Kostakis GE1.
Inorganic chemistry.Inorg Chem.2016 Jul 18;55(14):6988-94. doi: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.6b00720. Epub 2016 Jun 29.
A series of heterometallic coordination clusters (CCs) [Ni(II)2Ln(III)2(L1)4Cl2(CH3CN)2] 2CH3CN [Ln = Y (1Y), Sm (1Sm), Eu (1Eu), Gd (1Gd), or Tb (1Tb)] were synthesized by the reaction of (E)-2-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene-amino)phenol) (H2L1) with NiCl2·6(H2O) and LnCl3·x(H2O) in the presence
PMID 27355452

A Systematic Review of Patient-Reported Outcomes (PROs) in Patients with Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus (CLE).

Ogunsanya ME1, Kalb SJ2, Kabaria A3, Chen S2.
The British journal of dermatology.Br J Dermatol.2016 Jul 15. doi: 10.1111/bjd.14868. [Epub ahead of print]
BACKGROUND: Cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CLE) is a chronic, dermatologic autoimmune disease marked by photosensitive lesions that can lead to hyperpigmentation changes, scarring, and hair loss. Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in CLE patients is severely impaired. Given the heterogeneous nat
PMID 27416958

Japanese Journal

ドレスト光子による誘導放出を利用した1.3μm帯赤外Si受光素子(ナノフォトニクス・プラズモニクスおよびイメージセンサ一般)

川添忠
映像情報メディア学会技術報告 36(50), 33-38, 2012-11-14
シリコンp-n接合を用いた新しい受光素子を"dressed photon-phonon"援用アニーリングによって作製した。この受光素子は無バイアス時に波長1.16μmよりも長波長の光に対し市販のpin型シリコンフォトダイオードの3倍の受光感度を持っていた。その受光感度は順方向電流の印加により増加し、9A/cm^2の電流密度を与えた時波長1.32μmの光に対し0.1A/Wに達した。この値は0.1の量 …
NAID 110009562816

Dravet Syndrome : A Genetic Epileptic Disorder

Akiyama Mari,Kobayashi Katsuhiro,Ohtsuka Yoko
Acta Medica Okayama 66(5), 369-376, 2012-10-00
… The key feature that characterizes DS is fever sensitivity, although photosensitivity and pattern-sensitivity are also often seen. …
NAID 120004873434

硫酸ガリウム水溶液からの酸化ガリウムの電解析出(酸化物(成膜・評価).電子源,結晶成長,評価及びデバイス(化合物,Si,SiGe,電子・光材料))

ヴェッキーゾジュニジョン,市村正也
電子情報通信学会技術研究報告. SDM, シリコン材料・デバイス 112(34), 85-89, 2012-05-10
硫酸ガリウム水溶液に少量のNa_2S_2O_3とH_2O_2.を加えた水溶液から電解析出によって酸化ガリウム薄膜を堆積し、堆積電圧、溶液組成、堆積時間などの諸パラメータが堆積膜の性質に与える影響を調べた。オージェ電子分光により組成を評価した。堆積膜は酸素過剰組成であり、少量の硫黄を含むことがある。光電気化学測定により、堆積膜がn型の伝導性と光伝導性を持つことが示された。
NAID 110009569656

Related Pictures

Photosensitivity = التحسس الضيائي Polymorphic Light Eruption - Causes, Rash, Treatment Photosensitivity definition/meaning Photosensitivity diseases: a review of sun-exposed skin rashes - The Clinical Advisor Lupus: Symptoms, Diagnosis and Treatment - ppt video online download Photodermatoses | Primary Care Dermatology Society | UK File:Acute photosensitivity reaction in EPP.jpg - Wikimedia Commons Polymorphic Light Eruption - Causes, Rash, Treatment

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