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sensitivity to the action of radiant energy (同)radiosensitivity

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感光性の

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/05/16 01:00:20」(JST)

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Photosensitivity is the amount to which an object reacts upon receiving photons, especially visible light. In medicine, the term is principally used for abnormal reactions of the skin, and two types are distinguished, photoallergy and phototoxicity.^[1]^[2] The photosensitive ganglion cells in the mammalian eye are a separate class of light-detecting cells from the photoreceptor cells that function in vision.

Skin reactions

Human medicine

Sensitivity of the skin to a light source can take various forms. People with particular skin types are more sensitive to sunburn. Particular medications make the skin more sensitive to sunlight; these include most of the tetracycline antibiotics, heart drugs amiodarone, and sulfonamides. Particular conditions lead to increased light sensitivity. Patients with systemic lupus erythematosus experience skin symptoms after sunlight exposure; some types of porphyria are aggravated by sunlight. A rare hereditary condition xeroderma pigmentosum (a defect in DNA repair) is thought to increase the risk of UV-light-exposure-related cancer by increasing photosensitivity.

Veterinary medicine

Photosensitivity occurs in multiple species including sheep, bovine, and horses.

Photosensitizations are classified as primary if an ingested plant contains a photosensitive substance, like hypericin in St John's wort poisoning in sheep, or buckwheat plants (green or dried) in horses.^[3]

In hepatogenous photosensitization, the photosensitzing substance is phylloerythrin, a normal end-product of chlorophyll metabolism. ^[4] It accumulates in the body because of liver damage, reacts with UV light on the skin, and leads to free radical formation. These free radicals damage the skin, leading to ulceration, necrosis, and sloughing. Non-pigmented skin is most commonly affected.

External links

FDA article - Chemical Photosensitivity: Another Reason to Be Careful in the Sun
Toxic, Phototoxic and Sensitizing Essential Oils
Sensor sensitivity (ISO) in digital cameras
How to avoid overxposure to sunlight for the photosensitive

Notes

^ Anderson, D.M.; Keith, J.; Novac, P.; Elliott, M.A., ed. (1994). Dorland's Illustrated Medical Dictionary, 28th Edition. translated by. W. B. Saunders Company. ISBN 0721655777.
^ JH Epstein (1999). "Phototoxicity and photoallergy". Seminars in cutaneous medicine and surgery 18 (4): 274–284. PMID 10604793.
^ Understanding Horse Nutrition.Com on buckwheat
^ D.C. Blood, J.A. Henderson, O.M. Radostits (1979). Veterinary Medicine (5th ed.). London: Baillière Tindall. pp. 841–847 (Lactation Tetany). ISBN 0-7020-0718-8.

UpToDate Contents

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1. 光線過敏症（光線皮膚症）：臨床症状、診断、および治療 photosensitivity disorders photodermatoses clinical manifestations diagnosis and treatment
2. 皮膚光線過敏症の概要：光生物学、患者評価、および光保護 overview of cutaneous photosensitivity photobiology patient evaluation and photoprotection
3. 顔面紅斑が認められる患者に対するアプローチ approach to the patient with facial erythema
4. 多形日光疹 polymorphous light eruption
5. 偽ポルフィリン症 pseudoporphyria

English Journal

AND logic-like pH- and light-dual controlled drug delivery by surface modified mesoporous silica nanoparticles.

Zhao J1, He Z1, Li B1, Cheng T2, Liu G1.
Materials science & engineering. C, Materials for biological applications.Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl.2017 Apr 1;73:1-7. doi: 10.1016/j.msec.2016.12.056. Epub 2016 Dec 14.
Recently, the controlled drug delivery system has become a potential platform for biomedical application. Herein, we developed a pH and light-dual controlled cargo release system exhibiting AND logic based on MCM-41 mesoporous silica nanoparticles, which was surface modified using β-cyclodextrin (�
PMID 28183586

Tuning the morphology of silver nanostructures photochemically coated on glass substrates: an effective approach to large-scale functional surfaces.

Zaier M1, Vidal L, Hajjar-Garreau S, Bubendorff JL, Balan L.
Nanotechnology.Nanotechnology.2017 Mar 10;28(10):105603. doi: 10.1088/1361-6528/28/10/105603. Epub 2017 Feb 3.
This paper reports on a simple and environmentally friendly photochemical process capable of generating nano-layers (8-22 nm) of silver nanostructures directly onto glass surfaces. This approach opens the way to large-scale functionalized surfaces with plasmonic properties through a single light-ind
PMID 28155842

C-terminal phosphorylation regulates the kinetics of a subset of melanopsin-mediated behaviors in mice.

Somasundaram P1, Wyrick GR2, Fernandez DC3, Ghahari A4, Pinhal CM2, Simmonds Richardson M3, Rupp AC3, Cui L5, Wu Z6, Brown RL2, Badea TC4, Hattar S7,8, Robinson PR9.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A.2017 Feb 21. pii: 201611893. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1611893114. [Epub ahead of print]
Intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs) express the photopigment melanopsin and mediate several non-image-forming visual functions, including circadian photoentrainment and the pupillary light reflex (PLR). ipRGCs act as autonomous photoreceptors via the intrinsic melanopsin-bas
PMID 28223508