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1. 二酸化炭素のモニタリング（カプノグラフィ） carbon dioxide monitoring capnography
2. 静脈血ガスおよび動脈血液ガスの代替 venous blood gases and other alternatives to arterial blood gases
3. 成人における処置時の鎮静 procedural sedation in adults
4. 神経筋障害および胸壁障害のある患者における睡眠時障害呼吸の評価 evaluation of sleep disordered breathing in patients with neuromuscular and chest wall disease
5. 成人における閉塞性睡眠時無呼吸の睡眠ポリソムノグラフィー polysomnography in obstructive sleep apnea in adults

English Journal

Cardiovascular responses to water immersion in humans: Impact on cerebral perfusion.

Carter HH1, Spence AL, Pugh CJ, Ainslie PN, Naylor LH, Green DJ.Author information 1University of Western Australia.AbstractEpisodic increases in cerebrovascular perfusion and shear stress may have beneficial impacts on endothelial function that improve brain health. We hypothesised that water immersion to the level of the right atrium in humans would increase cerebral perfusion. We continuously measured, in 9 young (mean±SD, 24.6 ± 2.0 yrs) healthy men, systemic hemodynamic variables along with blood flows in the common carotid and middle and posterior cerebral arteries during controlled filling and emptying of a water tank to the level of the right atrium. Mean arterial pressure (80 ± 9 vs 91 ± 12 mmHg, P<0.05), cardiac output (4.8 ± 0.7 vs 5.1±0.6 L/min, P<0.05) and end-tidal carbon dioxide (PetCO2, 39.5 ± 2.0 vs 44.4 ± 3.5 mmHg, P<0.05) increased with water immersion, along with middle (59 ± 6 vs 64 ± 6 cm/s, P<0.05) and posterior cerebral artery blood flow velocities (41 ± 9 vs 44 ± 10 cm/s, P<0.05). These changes were reversed when the tank was emptied. Water immersion is associated with haemodynamic and PetCO2 changes, which increase cerebral blood velocities in humans. This study provides an evidence base for future studies to examine the potential addictive effect of exercise in water on improving cerebrovascular health.
American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology.Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol.2014 Feb 19. [Epub ahead of print]
Episodic increases in cerebrovascular perfusion and shear stress may have beneficial impacts on endothelial function that improve brain health. We hypothesised that water immersion to the level of the right atrium in humans would increase cerebral perfusion. We continuously measured, in 9 young (mea
PMID 24553298

Tetraplegia is a risk factor for central sleep apnea.

Sankari A1, Bascom AT, Chowdhuri S, Badr MS.Author information 1Sleep Research Laboratory, John D. Dingell Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan.AbstractSleep-disordered breathing (SDB) is highly prevalent in patients with spinal cord injury (SCI); the exact mechanism(s) or the predictors of disease are unknown. We hypothesized that patients with cervical SCI (C-SCI) are more susceptible to central apnea than patients with thoracic SCI (T-SCI) or able-bodied controls. Sixteen patients with chronic SCI, level T6 or above (8 C-SCI, 8 T-SCI; age 42.5 ± 15.5 years; body mass index 25.9 ± 4.9 kg/m(2)) and 16 matched controls were studied. The hypocapnic apneic threshold and CO2 reserve were determined using noninvasive ventilation. For participants with spontaneous central apnea, CO2 was administered until central apnea was abolished, and CO2 reserve was measured as the difference in end-tidal CO2 (PetCO2) before and after. Steady-state plant gain (PG) was calculated from PetCO2 and VE ratio during stable sleep. Controller gain (CG) was defined as the ratio of change in VE between control and hypopnea or apnea to the ΔPetCO2. Central SDB was more common in C-SCI than T-SCI (63% vs. 13%, respectively; P < 0.05). Mean CO2 reserve for all participants was narrower in C-SCI than in T-SCI or control group (-0.4 ± 2.9 vs.-2.9 ± 3.3 vs. -3.0 ± 1.2 l·min(-1)·mmHg(-1), respectively; P < 0.05). PG was higher in C-SCI than in T-SCI or control groups (10.5 ± 2.4 vs. 5.9 ± 2.4 vs. 6.3 ± 1.6 mmHg·l(-1)·min(-1), respectively; P < 0.05) and CG was not significantly different. The CO2 reserve was an independent predictor of apnea-hypopnea index. In conclusion, C-SCI had higher rates of central SDB, indicating that tetraplegia is a risk factor for central sleep apnea. Sleep-related hypoventilation may play a significant role in the mechanism of SDB in higher SCI levels.
Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985).J Appl Physiol (1985).2014 Feb;116(3):345-53. doi: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00731.2013. Epub 2013 Oct 10.
Sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) is highly prevalent in patients with spinal cord injury (SCI); the exact mechanism(s) or the predictors of disease are unknown. We hypothesized that patients with cervical SCI (C-SCI) are more susceptible to central apnea than patients with thoracic SCI (T-SCI) or ab
PMID 24114704

Bench test assessment of mainstream capnography during high frequency oscillatory ventilation.

Hartdorff CM1, van Heerde M, Markhorst DG.Author information 1Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, VU University Medical Center, PO BOX 7057, 1007 MB, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.AbstractTo assess the feasibility, stability and predictability of pCO2 measurement (PETCO2) using a main stream capnograph in a high frequency oscillatory ventilation circuit. A commercially available capnograph was mounted into a high frequency oscillatory ventilator patient circuit, adjustable CO2 flow was introduced into an artificial lung and the output of the CO2 sensor assessed under varying ventilator settings. Influence of oxygen content, pressures, heat and moisture were recorded. A linear relationship between CO2 flow rate and PETCO2 was found. Varying ventilator settings influenced the measurements, but the results for PETCO2 remained within a range of 1.5 mmHg above or under then mean measurement value. Measurements remained stable despite humidification, heat, pressure amplitudes or mean airway pressure changes. From this bench test, we conclude it is feasible to measure PETCO2 using a main stream capnograph during high frequency oscillatory conditions, these measurements were stable during the experiment. Changes in CO2 production or output can be detected. The system may prove to be of clinical value, but further in vivo measurements are warranted.
Journal of clinical monitoring and computing.J Clin Monit Comput.2014 Feb;28(1):63-6. doi: 10.1007/s10877-013-9495-9. Epub 2013 Aug 23.
To assess the feasibility, stability and predictability of pCO2 measurement (PETCO2) using a main stream capnograph in a high frequency oscillatory ventilation circuit. A commercially available capnograph was mounted into a high frequency oscillatory ventilator patient circuit, adjustable CO2 flow w
PMID 23974630

Japanese Journal

Effect of Work Intensity on Time Delay in Mediation of Ventilation by Arterial Carbon Dioxide During Recovery From Impulse Exercise

Physiological Research 63(4), 457-463, 2014-09
NAID 120005510951

Response of end tidal CO2 pressure to impulse exercise

Acta Physiologica Hungarica 101(1), 103-111, 2014-03
NAID 120005427746

炭酸ガス濃度測定検査 (特集睡眠医療周辺の検査UPDATE : 最新の技術と評価法)

睡眠医療 : 睡眠医学・医療専門誌 8(4), 591-600, 2014
NAID 40020319994

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