WordNet

move over something with pressure; "rub my hands"; "rub oil into her skin"
the act of rubbing or wiping; "he gave the hood a quick rub" (同)wipe
cause friction; "my sweater scratches" (同)fray, fret, chafe, scratch
scrape or rub as if to relieve itching; "Dont scratch your insect bites!" (同)scratch, itch
located around the heart or relating to or affecting the pericardium; "pericardial space" (同)pericardiac

PrepTutorEJDIC

〈物の表面など〉‘を'『こする』,さする / (…に)…‘を'こすりつける《+名+『against(on, over)』+名》;(…に)…‘を'すりこむ《+『名』+『in』(『into, on』)+『名』》 / 〈二つの物〉‘を'こすり合わせる《+『名』+『together,』+『together』+『名』》 / ‥‘を'こすり落とす《+『名』+『away』(『off』)『,』+『away』(『off』)+『名』》 / …‘を'すりむく,ひりひりさせる / (…の表面を)『こする』,すれる《+『against』(『on』)+『名』》;〈二つの物が〉こすれ合う《+『together』》 / 《単数形で》こすること / 当てこすり / 《the rub》やっかいな事,困難
roentgen / recto

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/11/09 10:10:55」(JST)

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A pericardial friction rub, also pericardial rub, is an audible medical sign used in the diagnosis of pericarditis.^[1] Upon auscultation, this sign is an extra heart sound of to-and-fro character, typically with three components, one systolic and two diastolic. It resembles the sound of squeaky leather and often is described as grating, scratching, or rasping. The sound seems very close to the ear and may seem louder than or may even mask the other heart sounds. The sound usually is best heard between the apex and sternum but may be widespread.

Cause[edit]

The pericardium is a double-walled sac around the heart. The inner and outer (visceral and parietal, respectively) layers are normally lubricated by a small amount of pericardial fluid, but the inflammation of pericardium causes the walls to rub against each other with audible friction. In children, rheumatic fever is often the cause of pericardial friction rub.

Differential diagnosis[edit]

Pericardial friction rub is one of several, similar sounds. A differential diagnosis may be possible, or not, depending upon the number of components that are audible. Pericardial friction rub may have one, two, or three audible components, whereas the similar pleural friction rub ordinarily has two audible components. One- and two-component rubs are ambiguous. A three-component rub distinguishes a pericardial rub and indicates the presence of pericarditis. Also, a pleural rub can only be heard during inspiration and expiration, whereas, the pericardial rub can be heard even after cessation of breathing. Pleural rub creates pain mostly on the lateral part of the chest wall, whereas pain due to pericardial rub is always central in location. The intensity of pleural rub is increased on pressing the diaphragm of the stethoscope over the affected area, whereas there is no such change in case of a pericardial rub.

References[edit]

^ Tingle LE, Molina D, Calvert CW (November 2007). "Acute pericarditis". Am Fam Physician 76 (10): 1509–14. PMID 18052017.

UpToDate Contents

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1. 急性心膜炎の臨床症状および診断的評価 clinical presentation and diagnostic evaluation of acute pericarditis
2. 心音の聴診 auscultation of heart sounds
3. 心嚢液貯留の診断および治療 diagnosis and treatment of pericardial effusion
4. 成人における確定診断を得られていない低血圧やショックの評価および初期アプローチ evaluation of and initial approach to the adult patient with undifferentiated hypotension and shock
5. 心臓傷害後症候群 post cardiac injury syndromes

English Journal

Evaluation and Treatment of Pericarditis: A Systematic Review.

Imazio M1, Gaita F2, LeWinter M3.
JAMA.JAMA.2015 Oct 13;314(14):1498-506. doi: 10.1001/jama.2015.12763.
IMPORTANCE: Pericarditis is the most common form of pericardial disease and a relatively common cause of chest pain.OBJECTIVE: To summarize published evidence on the causes, diagnosis, therapy, prevention, and prognosis of pericarditis.EVIDENCE REVIEW: A literature search of BioMedCentral, Google Sc
PMID 26461998

A normal electrocardiogram and echocardiogram in a patient with a pericardial friction rub after delivery.

Ten Holder JT1, Schuuring MJ2.
International journal of cardiology.Int J Cardiol.2015 Oct 9;203:1-2. doi: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2015.10.038. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID 26485561

An Interesting Case of Viral Pericarditis.

van Diepen KM1, de Almeida CL, Kam AJ.
Pediatric emergency care.Pediatr Emerg Care.2015 Jul 14. [Epub ahead of print]
A previously healthy 14-year-old girl presented to the emergency department with a 3-day history of upper respiratory symptoms and 2 syncopal episodes. She was initially febrile, tachycardic, and tachypneic; the initial electrocardiogram showed diffuse T-wave inversions and right atrial enlargement.
PMID 26181497