WordNet

a form of penicillin V (trade name Ledercillin VK) (同)Ledercillin VK
any of various antibiotics obtained from Penicillium molds (or produced synthetically) and used in the treatment of various infections and diseases
the 22nd letter of the Roman alphabet (同)v

PrepTutorEJDIC

ペニシリン(坑生物質の一種)
vanadium の化学記号
verb / verso / 《話》very / velocity / volt[s] / volume / vide

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2019/04/22 13:41:31」(JST)

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Phenoxymethylpenicillin, also known as penicillin V and penicillin VK, is an antibiotic useful for the treatment of a number of bacterial infections.^[2] Specifically it is used for the treatment of strep throat, otitis media, and cellulitis.^[2] It is also used to prevent rheumatic fever and to prevent infections following removal of the spleen.^[2] It is given by mouth.^[2]

Side effects include diarrhea, nausea, and allergic reactions including anaphylaxis.^[2] It is not recommended in those with a history of penicillin allergy.^[2] It is relatively safe for use during pregnancy.^[3] It is in the penicillin and beta lactam family of medications.^[4] It usually results in bacterial death.^[4]

Phenoxymethylpenicillin was first made in 1948.^[5] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, the most effective and safe medicines needed in a health system.^[6] It is available as a generic medication.^[4] The wholesale cost in the developing world is about US$0.05–0.96 per day.^[7] In the United States a course of treatment costs less than $25.^[3] In 2016 it was the 235th most prescribed medication in the United States with more than 2 million prescriptions.^[8]

Medical uses

Specific indications for phenoxymethylpenicillin include:^[9]^[10]

Infections caused by Streptococcus pyogenes
- Tonsillitis
- Pharyngitis
- Skin infections
Anthrax (mild uncomplicated infections)
Lyme disease (early stage in pregnant women or young children)
Rheumatic fever (primary and secondary prophylaxis)
Streptococcal skin infections
Spleen disorders (pneumococcal infection prophylaxis)
Initial treatment for dental abscesses
Moderate-to-severe gingivitis (with metronidazole)
Avulsion injuries of teeth (as an alternative to tetracycline)
Blood infection prophylaxis in children with sickle cell disease.

Penicillin V is sometimes used in the treatment of odontogenic infections.

It is less active than benzylpenicillin (penicillin G) against Gram-negative bacteria.^[11]^[12] Phenoxymethylpenicillin has a range of antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive bacteria that is similar to that of benzylpenicillin and a similar mode of action, but it is substantially less active than benzylpenicillin against Gram-negative bacteria.^[11]^[12]

Phenoxymethylpenicillin is more acid-stable than benzylpenicillin, which allows it to be given orally.

Phenoxymethylpenicillin is usually used only for the treatment of mild to moderate infections, and not for severe or deep-seated infections since absorption can be unpredictable. Except for the treatment or prevention of infection with Streptococcus pyogenes (which is uniformly sensitive to penicillin), therapy should be guided by bacteriological studies (including sensitivity tests) and by clinical response.^[13] People treated initially with parenteral benzylpenicillin may continue treatment with phenoxymethylpenicillin by mouth once a satisfactory response has been obtained.^[9]

It is not active against beta-lactamase-producing bacteria, which include many strains of Staphylococci.^[13]

Adverse effects

Phenoxymethylpenicillin is usually well tolerated but may occasionally cause transient nausea, vomiting, epigastric distress, diarrhea, constipation, acidic smell to urine and black hairy tongue. A previous hypersensitivity reaction to any penicillin is a contraindication.^[9]^[13]

Mechanism of action

It exerts a bactericidal action against penicillin-sensitive microorganisms during the stage of active multiplication. It acts by inhibiting the biosynthesis of cell-wall peptidoglycan.

Compendial status

British Pharmacopoeia ^[14]

References

^ "Apocillin". Felleskatalogen (in Norwegian). LMI (Legemiddelindustrien). Archived from the original on 2017-03-16. Retrieved 2018-06-23. fenoksymetylpenicillin
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f WHO Model Formulary 2008 (PDF). World Health Organization. 2009. p. X. ISBN 9789241547659. Archived (PDF) from the original on 13 December 2016. Retrieved 8 December 2016.
^ ^a ^b Hamilton, Richart (2015). Tarascon Pocket Pharmacopoeia 2015 Deluxe Lab-Coat Edition. Jones & Bartlett Learning. p. 95. ISBN 9781284057560.
^ ^a ^b ^c "Penicillin V". The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. Archived from the original on 20 December 2016. Retrieved 8 December 2016.
^ Greenwood, David (2008). Antimicrobial Drugs: Chronicle of a Twentieth Century Medical Triumph. OUP Oxford. p. 121. ISBN 9780199534845. Archived from the original on 2016-12-20.
^ "WHO Model List of Essential Medicines (19th List)" (PDF). World Health Organization. April 2015. Archived (PDF) from the original on 13 December 2016. Retrieved 8 December 2016.
^ "Penicillin, Phenoxymethyl". International Drug Price Indicator Guide. Retrieved 8 December 2016.
^ "The Top 300 of 2019". clincalc.com. Retrieved 22 December 2018.
^ ^a ^b ^c Sweetman S., ed. (2002). Martindale: The complete drug reference (Electronic version ed.). London: Royal Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain and the Pharmaceutical Press.
^ Rossi S., ed. (2006). Australian Medicines Handbook. Adelaide: Australian Medicines Handbook Pty Ltd. ISBN 0-9757919-2-3.
^ ^a ^b Garrod, L. P. (1960). "Relative Antibacterial Activity of Three Penicillins". British Medical Journal (5172): 527–29.
^ ^a ^b Garrod, L. P. (1960). "The Relative Antibacterial Activity of Four Penicillins". British Medical Journal (5214): 1695–6.
^ ^a ^b ^c "Penicillin V Potassium tablet: Drug Label Sections". U.S. National Library of Medicine, Daily Med: Current Medication Information. December 2006. Archived from the original on 2009-07-27. Retrieved 2009-08-02.
^ British Pharmacopoeia Commission Secretariat. "Index (BP 2009)" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 11 April 2009. Retrieved 26 March 2010.

UpToDate Contents

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1. 連鎖球菌性咽頭炎の治療および予防 treatment and prevention of streptococcal pharyngitis
2. 急性リウマチ熱：治療および予防 acute rheumatic fever treatment and prevention
3. ペニシリンアレルギーのある入院患者への抗菌薬の選択 choice of antibiotics in penicillin allergic hospitalized patients
4. エリジペロスリックス感染 erysipelothrix infection
5. ペニシリンアレルギー：即時型過敏反応 penicillin allergy immediate reactions

English Journal

Simultaneous determination of most prescribed antibiotics in multiple urban wastewater by SPE-LC-MS/MS.

Rossmann J1, Schubert S2, Gurke R3, Oertel R2, Kirch W3.
Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences.J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci.2014 Oct 15;969:162-70. doi: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2014.08.008. Epub 2014 Aug 12.
A rapid analytical method was developed for the application of a long-term monitoring (>one year) of the most prescribed and often in hospitals used antibiotics in diverse wastewaters of an urban sewage treatment plant (STP). Additionally to the selected multi-class antibiotics amoxicillin, penic
PMID 25171505

Azithromycin and the risk of cardiovascular complications.

Maisch NM, Kochupurackal JG, Sin J.
Journal of pharmacy practice.J Pharm Pract.2014 Oct;27(5):496-500.
The purpose of this review was to evaluate the literature to assess the incidence and true clinical relevance of recent Food and Drug Administration warnings regarding QT prolongation with azithromycin, given its widespread use, with over 40 million US outpatient prescriptions written in 2011. A lit
PMID 25374989

Antibiotic treatment failure in four common infections in UK primary care 1991-2012: longitudinal analysis.

Currie CJ1, Berni E2, Jenkins-Jones S2, Poole CD3, Ouwens M4, Driessen S4, de Voogd H4, Butler CC5, Morgan CL2.
BMJ (Clinical research ed.).BMJ.2014 Sep 23;349:g5493. doi: 10.1136/bmj.g5493.
OBJECTIVE: To characterise failure of antibiotic treatment in primary care in the United Kingdom in four common infection classes from 1991 to 2012.DESIGN: Longitudinal analysis of failure rates for first line antibiotic monotherapies associated with diagnoses for upper and lower respiratory tract i
PMID 25249162

Japanese Journal

Effects of Enterobacteria (Burkholderia sp.) on Development of Riptortus pedestris

Kil Young Jong,Seo Mi Ja,Kang Dong Kyun,Oh San Na,Cho Hyun Suk,Youn Young Nam,Yasunaga Chisa,Aoki Chisa,Yu Yong Man
Journal of the Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University 59(1), 77-84, 2014-02-29
… As a result of investigation of growth inhibition of 4 antibiotics (penicillin, ofloxacin, streptomycin, and tetracycline) against isolated 9 intestinal bacteria, ofloxacin was selected as the antibiotic for inhibition of all intestinal bacteria in this study. …
NAID 120005397825

症例報告悪性腫瘍との鑑別に苦慮した骨盤放線菌症の1例

南條佐輝子,八木重孝,太田菜美 [他]
産婦人科の進歩 65(4), 391-396, 2013-11
NAID 40019844710

A群β溶連菌に対するペニシリン系とセフェム系抗菌薬の除菌率及び再発率

清水博之,齋藤美和子,厚見恵 [他]
日本小児科学会雑誌 = The journal of the Japan Pediatric Society 117(10), 1569-1573, 2013-10
NAID 40019833080

Related Pictures

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「ペニシリンV」「PCV」
関連記事	「Vd」「V」

「ペニシリンV」

Phenoxymethylpenicillin
Clinical data
Trade names	Veetids, Apocillin, others
Synonyms	penicillin phenoxymethyl, penicillin V, penicillin VK
AHFS/Drugs.com	Monograph
MedlinePlus	a685015
License data	US DailyMed: 2658;
Pregnancy; category	US: B (No risk in non-human studies) ; ;
Routes of; administration	by mouth
ATC code	J01CE02 (WHO);
Legal status
Legal status	In general: ℞ (Prescription only);
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability	60%
Protein binding	80%
Metabolism	liver
Elimination half-life	30–60 min
Excretion	kidney
Identifiers
	IUPAC name 3,3-Dimethyl-7-oxo-6-(2-phenoxyacetamido)-4-thia-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane-2-carboxylic acid;
CAS Number	87-08-1 132-98-9 (potassium), 147-48-8 (anhydrous calcium), 73368-74-8 (calcium dihydrate);
PubChem CID	6869;
DrugBank	DB00417 ;
ChemSpider	6607 ;
UNII	Z61I075U2W;
KEGG	D05411 ;
ChEBI	CHEBI:27446 ;
ChEMBL	ChEMBL615 ;
ECHA InfoCard	100.001.566
Chemical and physical data
Formula	C16H18N2O5S
Molar mass	350.39 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image;
Melting point	120–128 °C (248–262 °F)
	SMILES CC1([C@@H](N2[C@H](S1)[C@@H](C2=O)NC(=O)COC3=CC=CC=C3)C(=O)O)C;
	InChI InChI=1S/C16H18N2O5S/c1-16(2)12(15(21)22)18-13(20)11(14(18)24-16)17-10(19)8-23-9-6-4-3-5-7-9/h3-7,11-12,14H,8H2,1-2H3,(H,17,19)(H,21,22)/t11-,12+,14-/m1/s1 ; Key:BPLBGHOLXOTWMN-MBNYWOFBSA-N ;
(verify)

　　[★]

英: penicillin V PCV
同: フェノキシメチルペニシリン phenoxymethylpenicillin
商: Veetids

first aid step1 2006 p.166(作用スペクトル)

抗菌スペクトル

殺菌的に作用

動態

経口投与　←　ペニシリンGは経静脈投与

適応

gram-positive cocci, gram-positive rods, gram-negative cocci, and spirochetes(first aid step1 2006 p.166)

副作用

hypersensitivity, hemolytic anemia

「PCV」

　　[★]

圧制御換気 pressure-controlled ventilation
フェノキシメチルペニシリン phenoxymethylpenicillin = ペニシリン V penicillin V
真性多血症 polycythemia vera

「Vd」

　　[★]

「V」

　　[★]

[1] "Apocillin". Felleskatalogen (in Norwegian). LMI (Legemiddelindustrien). Archived from the original on 2017-03-16. Retrieved 2018-06-23. fenoksymetylpenicillin

[WHO2008-2] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f WHO Model Formulary 2008 (PDF). World Health Organization. 2009. p. X. ISBN 9789241547659. Archived (PDF) from the original on 13 December 2016. Retrieved 8 December 2016.

[Ric2015-3] Hamilton, Richart (2015). Tarascon Pocket Pharmacopoeia 2015 Deluxe Lab-Coat Edition. Jones & Bartlett Learning. p. 95. ISBN 9781284057560.

[AHFS2016-4] "Penicillin V". The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. Archived from the original on 20 December 2016. Retrieved 8 December 2016.

[5] Greenwood, David (2008). Antimicrobial Drugs: Chronicle of a Twentieth Century Medical Triumph. OUP Oxford. p. 121. ISBN 9780199534845. Archived from the original on 2016-12-20.

[WHO19th-6] "WHO Model List of Essential Medicines (19th List)" (PDF). World Health Organization. April 2015. Archived (PDF) from the original on 13 December 2016. Retrieved 8 December 2016.

[ERC2014-7] "Penicillin, Phenoxymethyl". International Drug Price Indicator Guide. Retrieved 8 December 2016.

[8] "The Top 300 of 2019". clincalc.com. Retrieved 22 December 2018.

[Martindale-9] Sweetman S., ed. (2002). Martindale: The complete drug reference (Electronic version ed.). London: Royal Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain and the Pharmaceutical Press.

[AMH2006-10] Rossi S., ed. (2006). Australian Medicines Handbook. Adelaide: Australian Medicines Handbook Pty Ltd. ISBN 0-9757919-2-3.

[Garrod1960-11] Garrod, L. P. (1960). "Relative Antibacterial Activity of Three Penicillins". British Medical Journal (5172): 527–29.

[Garrod1960a-12] Garrod, L. P. (1960). "The Relative Antibacterial Activity of Four Penicillins". British Medical Journal (5214): 1695–6.

[DailyMed-13] "Penicillin V Potassium tablet: Drug Label Sections". U.S. National Library of Medicine, Daily Med: Current Medication Information. December 2006. Archived from the original on 2009-07-27. Retrieved 2009-08-02.

[ibp2009-14] British Pharmacopoeia Commission Secretariat. "Index (BP 2009)" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 11 April 2009. Retrieved 26 March 2010.

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案内

penicillin V