parasitic infection

関

specific infections and antiparasitic agen ts

WordNet

1. (medicine) the invasion of the body by pathogenic microorganisms and their multiplication which can lead to tissue damage and disease
2. (phonetics) the alteration of a speech sound under the influence of a neighboring sound
3. the pathological state resulting from the invasion of the body by pathogenic microorganisms
4. (international law) illegality that taints or contaminates a ship or cargo rendering it liable to seizure
5. moral corruption or contamination; "ambitious men are led astray by an infection that is almost unavoidable"
6. an incident in which an infectious disease is transmitted (同)contagion, transmission
7. of plants or persons; having the nature or habits of a parasite or leech; living off another; "a wealthy class parasitic upon the labor of the masses"; "parasitic vines that strangle the trees"; "bloodsucking blackmailer"; "his indolent leechlike existence" (同)parasitical, leechlike, bloodsucking
8. relating to or caused by parasites; "parasitic infection" (同)parasitical

PrepTutorEJDIC

1. 〈U〉(病気の)伝染;感染 / 〈C〉伝染病

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/07/17 22:10:28」(JST)

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Parasitic disease
Classification and external resources
MeSH	D010272

A parasitic disease is an infectious disease caused or transmitted by a parasite. Many parasites do not cause diseases. Parasitic diseases can affect practically all living organisms, including plants and mammals. The study of parasitic diseases is called parasitology. The share of parasitic diseases account for about 14 000 000 deaths per year, representing 25% of global mortality - one in four deaths according to the WHO.

Some parasites like Toxoplasma gondii and Plasmodium spp. can cause disease directly, but other organisms can cause disease by the toxins that they produce.

Terminology

Although organisms such as bacteria function as parasites, the usage of the term "parasitic disease" is usually more restricted. The three main types of organisms causing these conditions are protozoa (causing protozoan infection), helminths (helminthiasis), and ectoparasites. Protozoa and helminths are usually endoparasites (usually living inside the body of the host), while ectoparasites usually live on the surface of the host. Occasionally the definition of "parasitic disease" is restricted to diseases due to endoparasites.

Signs and symptoms

Symptoms of parasites may not always be obvious. However, such symptoms may mimic anemia or a hormone deficiency. Some of the symptoms caused by several worm infestation can include itching affecting the anus or the vaginal area, abdominal pain, weight loss, increased appetite, bowel obstructions, diarrhea, and vomiting eventually leading to dehydration, sleeping problems, worms present in the vomit or stools, anemia, aching muscles or joints, general malaise, allergies, fatigue, nervousness. Symptoms may also be confused with pneumonia or food poisoning.

The effects caused by parasitic diseases range from mild discomfort to death. The nematode parasites Necator americanus and Ancylostoma duodenale cause human hookworm infection, which leads to anaemia and protein malnutrition. This infection affects approximately 740 million people in the developing countries, including children and adults, of the tropics specifically in poor rural areas located in sub-Saharan Africa, Latin America, South-East Asia and China. Chronic hookworm in children leads to impaired physical and intellectual development, school performance and attendance are reduced. Pregnant women affected by a hookworm infection can also develop aneamia, which results in negative outcomes both for the mother and the infant. Some of them are: low birth weight, impaired milk production, as well as increased risk of death for the mother and the baby.

Causes

See also: List of human parasitic diseases

Mammals can get parasites from contaminated food or water, bug bites, or sexual contact. Ingestion of contaminated water can produce Giardia infections.

Parasites normally enter the body through the skin or mouth. Close contact with pets can lead to parasite infestation as dogs and cats are host to many parasites.

Other risks that can lead people to acquire parasites are walking barefeet, inadequate disposal of faeces, lack of hygiene, close contact with someone carrying specific parasites, and eating undercooked or exotic foods.

Parasites can also be transferred to their host by the bite of an insect vector, i.e. mosquito, bed bug.

Treatment

Albendazole and mebendazole have been the treatments administered to entire populations to control hookworm infection. However, it is a costly option and both children and adults become reinfected within a few months after deparasitation occurs raising concerns because the treatment has to repeatedly be administered and drug resistance may occur.

Another medication administered to kill worm infections has been pyrantel pamoate. For some parasitic diseases, there is no treatment and, in the case of serious symptoms, medication intended to kill the parasite is administered, whereas, in other cases, symptom relief options are used. Recent papers have also proposed the use of viruses to treat infections caused by protozoa.

See also

• Antiparasitic

References

UpToDate Contents

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• 1. 好酸球増加症患者へのアプローチ approach to the patient with eosinophilia
• 2. 腸管条虫 intestinal tapeworms
• 3. 糞線虫症 strongyloidiasis
• 4. 先進国の成人における急性下痢に対するアプローチ approach to the adult with acute diarrhea in developed countries
• 5. 駆虫薬療法 anthelminthic therapies

English Journal

• Characterization of thioredoxin glutathione reductase in Schiotosoma japonicum.

• Han Y, Zhang M, Hong Y, Zhu Z, Li D, Li X, Fu Z, Lin J.SourceShanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Shanghai 200241, PR China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, PR China.
• Parasitology international.Parasitol Int.2012 Sep;61(3):475-80. Epub 2012 Mar 30.
• Schistosomiasis is one of the most prevalent and serious parasitic diseases in the world and remains an important public health problem in China. Screening and discovery of an effective vaccine candidate or new drug target is crucial for the control of this disease. In this study, we cloned a cDNA e
• PMID 22484130

• Pv12, a 6-Cys antigen of Plasmodium vivax, is localized to the merozoite rhoptry.

• Li J, Ito D, Chen JH, Lu F, Cheng Y, Wang B, Ha KS, Cao J, Torii M, Sattabongkot J, Tsuboi T, Han ET.SourceDepartment of Medical Environmental Biology and Tropical Medicine, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chunchon, Gangwon-do 200-701, Republic of Korea; Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Wuxi, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
• Parasitology international.Parasitol Int.2012 Sep;61(3):443-9. Epub 2012 Feb 25.
• Pf12 in Plasmodium falciparum has been characterized as a merozoite surface protein and the Pf12 gene is actively transcribed during schizont stage. An orthologous gene, Pv12, has been identified in genome of P. vivax, but the protein product has not been characterized. The Pv12 is a 362 amino acid
• PMID 22394409

Japanese Journal

• 症例 GISTを疑い切除した寄生虫による胃好酸球性肉芽腫の1例

• 日本臨床外科学会雑誌 78(5), 983-987, 2017
• NAID 40021232603

• Systemic mycobacteriosis caused by '<i>Mycobacterium avium </i>subspecies <i>hominissuis</i>' in a 14-month-old Japanese black beef steer

• Ｔｈｅ　Ｊｏｕｒｎａｌ　ｏｆ　Ｖｅｔｅｒｉｎａｒｙ　Ｍｅｄｉｃａｌ　Ｓｃｉｅｎｃｅ, 2017
• NAID 130005793594

• Infection with <i>Paragonimus</i><i>westermani</i> of boar-hunting dogs in Western Japan maintained via artificial feeding with wild boar meat by hunters

• Ｔｈｅ　Ｊｏｕｒｎａｌ　ｏｆ　Ｖｅｔｅｒｉｎａｒｙ　Ｍｅｄｉｃａｌ　Ｓｃｉｅｎｃｅ, 2017
• NAID 130005765893

Related Links

• Parasitic Infections | Definition and Patient Education

Because there are many types of parasitic infections, the symptoms can vary. Most parasitic infections cause gastrointestinal symptoms. Symptoms by infection type include: Trichomoniasis: This sexually transmitted disease caused ...

• Overview of Parasitic Infections - Infections - Merck Manuals ...

Parasitic infections are common in rural or developing areas of Africa, Asia, and Latin America and are less common in developed areas. A person who visits such an area can unknowingly acquire a parasitic infection, and a doctor ...

Related Pictures

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★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「寄生虫感染症」「寄生虫感染」「vermiculous」「vermination」
拡張検索	「central nervous system parasitic infection」
関連記事	「parasitic」「infection」

「寄生虫感染症」

　　[★]

英

parasitic infection、parasitic disease

関

寄生虫感染、寄生虫病、寄生虫症

「寄生虫感染」

　　[★]

英

parasitic infection、vermination、vermiculous

関

寄生虫感染症

「vermiculous」

　　[★]

• 寄生虫感染の

関

parasitic infection、vermination

「vermination」

　　[★]

• 寄生虫感染

関

parasitic infection、vermiculous

「central nervous system parasitic infection」

　　[★]

• 中枢神経系寄生虫感染症

「parasitic」

　　[★]

• adj.

• 寄生虫の、寄生性の、寄生した

関

infestation、metabiosis、parasite、parasitic worm、parasitism、parasitize、vermin、worm

　 　

「infection」

　　[★]

• n.

• 感染、伝染、感染症

関

contagion、infect、infectious disease、infestation、transmission、transmit