関: volar plate

WordNet

coat with a layer of metal; "plate spoons with silver"
the quantity contained in a plate (同)plateful
a shallow receptacle for collection in church (同)collection plate
a flat sheet of metal or glass on which a photographic image can be recorded (同)photographic plate
a metal sheathing of uniform thickness (such as the shield attached to an artillery piece to protect the gunners) (同)scale, shell
a full-page illustration (usually on slick paper)
a sheet of metal or wood or glass or plastic
dish on which food is served or from which food is eaten
structural member consisting of a horizontal beam that provides bearing and anchorage
the positively charged electrode in a vacuum tube
a rigid layer of the Earths crust that is believed to drift slowly (同)crustal plate
a main course served on a plate; "a vegetable plate"; "the blue plate special"
any flat platelike body structure or part
the thin under portion of the forequarter
any plant of the family Palmae having an unbranched trunk crowned by large pinnate or palmate leaves (同)palm tree
a linear unit based on the length or width of the human hand
the inner surface of the hand from the wrist to the base of the fingers (同)thenar
a thin coating of metal deposited on a surface (同)metal_plating
the application of a thin coat of metal (as by electrolysis)
make a plat of; "Plat the town" (同)plot
a map showing planned or actual features of an area (streets and building lots etc.)
relating to the palm of the hand or the sole of the foot; "the volar surface"; "the palmar muscle" (同)volar

PrepTutorEJDIC

〈C〉(通例各人用の丸い)『平皿』 / 〈C〉(料理の)『1皿』[『分』]《+『of』+『名』》 / 〈C〉料理の1人前 / 〈C〉(教会などの)献金皿 / 〈U〉《集合的に》(スプーン・皿など)金(銀)製の食器類 / 〈C〉(金属・ガラス・プラスチックなどの)平板,板金 / 〈C〉(金属・木などの)標札,ナンバープレート / 〈C〉金属(石,木)版画;(本文と別刷りの)図版 / 〈C〉(印刷方法の)電気版,ステロ版 / 〈C〉(写真の)感光板 / 〈C〉《the~》(野球の)本塁(home plate) / (…を)…‘に'めっきする《+『名』+『with』+『名』》 / (保護のために)…‘を'板金で覆う / (印刷で)…‘を'電気版(ステロ版)にする
(人動物の)『手のひら』;(手袋の)手のひらの部分 / パーム(手のひらの幅を基準にした長さ;8‐10`) / …‘を'手で殖れる,手の中に隠す
(また『palm tree』)ヤシ,シュロ(ヤシ科の植物) / (昔勝利・成功などの印として用いた)シュロの葉(枝)
(金・銀などの)めっき / (船・乗物などの鋼鉄板の)被復,装甲
小さな地面(地所) / (土地などの)図面,地図
編んだもの, 弁髪; 組みひも・= plait

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/08/18 12:11:40」(JST)

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[Wiki en表示]

"Volar plate" redirects here. For the equivalent structures in the foot, see Plantar plate.

In the human hand, palmar or volar plates (also referred to as palmar or volar ligaments)^[1] are found in the metacarpophalangeal (MCP) and interphalangeal (IP) joints where they reinforce the joint capsules, enhance joint stability, and limit hyperextension. The plates of the MCP and IP joints are structurally and functionally similar, except that in the MCP joints they are interconnected by a deep transverse ligament. In the MCP joints, they also indirectly provide stability to the longitudinal palmar arches of the hand. ^[2]^[3] The volar plate of the thumb MCP joint has a transverse longitudinal rectangular shape, shorter than those in the fingers. ^[4]

Structure[edit source | edit]

This fibrocartilaginous structure is attached to the base of the proximal phalanx distal to the joint. From there, it forms a palmar continuation of the articular surface of the phalanx bone and its inner surface thus adds to the articular surface during extension. ^[2]

In its proximal end, the volar plate becomes membranous and blends with the volar capsule which is attached to the head of the metacarpal bone. During flexion, the plate glides proximally down the volar surface of the metacarpal head. Its flexible attachment to the phalanx bone not only prevents it from restricting joint movements, but also prevents the long flexor tendons from being pinched in the joint. ^[2] Flexion of the proximal phalanx is facilitated by the shape of the proximal edge, known as the volar recess,^[5] but this diaphanous end of the volar plate is also the part of the metacarpophalangeal joint that is most susceptible to injury during dislocations.^[6]

Due to its fibrocartilaginous composition, the plate is thus able to (1) resist tensile stresses while (2) restricting hyperextension and compression and (3) protecting the volar articular surface. ^[2]

Function[edit source | edit]

The palmar plate moves in three phases during joint flexion. First, it slides back toward the hand. Next, it is lifted away from the proximal phalanx by the A3 pulley. Last, a lip on the middle phalanx rolls into a recess on the plate. If the A3 pulley is not intact, the normal three phases of motion do not occur and instead the plate crumples.^[7]

Metacarpophalangeal joints[edit source | edit]

In the MCP joints, the four volar plates of the fingers and the capsules within which they lie are blended with and interconnected by the deep transverse metacarpal ligament which ties the metacarpal heads together. Dorsal to this ligament on each side of the metacarpal heads are sagittal bands that connect the volar plates to the tendon of the extensor digitorum and to the extensor expansion. These bands help stabilise the volar plates over the metacarpal heads. ^[2]

In contrast to the volar plates of the MCP joints of the fingers, the volar plate of the thumb MCP joint is a thick structure firmly attached to the base of the proximal phalanx. It forms the bottom of a two-sided box, the sides of which are made up of the collateral ligaments. ^[8]

Additional images[edit source | edit]

Metacarpophalangeal articulation and articulations of digit. Volar aspect.

Metacarpophalangeal articulation and articulations of digit. Ulnar aspect.

Notes[edit source | edit]

^ In older literature they are also known as the glenoid ligaments of Cruveilhier or vaginal ligaments.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Austin 2005, pp. 321–22 (MCP joints)
^ Austin 2005, p. 324 (IP joints)
^ Schmidt & Lanz 2003, p. 111
^ Berger & Weiss 2004, p. 175
^ Gammons 2008, Functional Anatomy
^ Saito, S.; Suzuki, Y. (2011). "Biomechanics of the Volar Plate of the Proximal Interphalangeal Joint: A Dynamic Ultrasonographic Study". The Journal of Hand Surgery 36 (2): 265–271. doi:10.1016/j.jhsa.2010.10.034. PMID 21276889. edit
^ Doyle & Botte 2003, pp. 540–41

References[edit source | edit]

Austin, Noelle M. (2005). "Chapter 9: The Wrist and Hand Complex". In Levangie, Pamela K.; Norkin, Cynthia C. Joint Structure and Function: A Comprehensive Analysis (4th ed.). Philadelphia: F. A. Davis Company. ISBN 0-8036-1191-9.
Berger, Richard A.; Weiss, Arnold-Peter C. (2004). Hand Surgery. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. ISBN 978-0-7817-2874-4.
Doyle, James R.; Botte, Michael J. (2003). Surgical anatomy of the hand and upper extremity. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. ISBN 0-397-51725-4.
Gammons, Matthew (2008). "Metacarpophalangeal Joint Dislocation". eMedicine. Retrieved November 2010.
Schmidt, Hans-Martin; Lanz, Ulrich (2003). Surgical Anatomy of the Hand. Thieme. p. 111. ISBN 1-58890-007-X.

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English Journal

Effect of early administration of alendronate after surgery for distal radial fragility fracture on radiological fracture healing time.

Uchiyama S, Itsubo T, Nakamura K, Fujinaga Y, Sato N, Imaeda T, Kadoya M, Kato H.SourceShinshu University School of Medicine, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shinshu Society for Surgery of the Upper Extremities, Asahi 3-1-1, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan.
The bone & joint journal.Bone Joint J.2013 Nov 1;95-B(11):1544-50. doi: 10.1302/0301-620X.95B11.31652.
This multicentre prospective clinical trial aimed to determine whether early administration of alendronate (ALN) delays fracture healing after surgical treatment of fractures of the distal radius. The study population comprised 80 patients (four men and 76 women) with a mean age of 70 years (52 to 8
PMID 24151277

Sternal fixation with nonspecific plate.

Ergene G, Tulay CM, Anasız H.SourceDepartment of Thoracic Surgery, Sanlıurfa Teaching and Research Hospital, Turkey.
Annals of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery : official journal of the Association of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgeons of Asia.Ann Thorac Cardiovasc Surg.2013 Oct 21;19(5):364-7. Epub 2012 Dec 26.
Purpose: The aim of the present study was to fixate displaced sternum fractures with a nonspecific plate, without a sternotomy procedure.Method: Between May 2010 and December 2011, 15 patients with sternal fractures were included in this study. We performed fixation for 8 of 15 sternal fracture pati
PMID 23269267

Comparative study of the closed reduction percutaneous cannulated screw fixation and open reduction palmar locking plate fixation in the treatment of AO type A2 distal radius fractures.

Gereli A, Nalbantoglu U, Kocaoglu B, Turkmen M.SourceDepartment of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Acibadem University Faculty of Medicine, Tekin sok No:8, 34718, Acibadem, Istanbul, Turkey, arelgereli@gmail.com.
Archives of orthopaedic and trauma surgery.Arch Orthop Trauma Surg.2013 Oct 12. [Epub ahead of print]
INTRODUCTION: The present study was designed to demonstrate the efficacy of standard 4.0 mm cannulated screw fixation by comparing it with palmar locking plate fixation in the treatment of acute, unstable, simple extra-articular distal radius fractures.MATERIALS AND METHODS: We prospectively collec
PMID 24121621