WordNet

any bundle of nerve fibers running to various organs and tissues of the body (同)nervus
of or relating to the eye; "ophthalmic defect"
of or relating to ophthalmology; "ophthalmic surgery"
control of your emotions; "this kind of tension is not good for my nerves"

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〈C〉『神経』 / 〈C〉《複数形で》『神経過敏』,いらだち / 〈U〉『勇気』,度胸(courage) / 〈U〉《時にa ~》厚かましさ,ずぶとさ;無礼 / 〈C〉葉脈;(昆虫の)翅脈(しみゃく) / 〈人,特に自分〉‘に'力を与える,‘を'元気づける
目の,眼科の,眼炎の

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/08/02 07:35:07」(JST)

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The ophthalmic nerve (CN V: V₁) is one of the three branches of the trigeminal nerve, the fifth cranial nerve. The ophthalmic nerve carries only sensory fibers.^[1]

Structure

The frontal branch passes through the orbit superiorly, then reenters the frontal bone briefly before exiting above the orbit through the superior orbital fissure and the supratrochlear notch to provide sensory innervation for the skin of the forehead and scalp. The lacrimal nerve passes through the orbit superiorly to innervate the lacrimal gland. The nasociliary branch gives off several sensory branches to the orbit and then continues out through the anterior ethmoidal foramen, where it enters the nasal cavity and provides innervation for much of the anterior nasal mucosa. It also gives off a branch which exits through the nasal bones to form the external nasal branch.

The ophthalmic nerve is joined by filaments from the cavernous plexus of the sympathetic, and communicates with the oculomotor, trochlear, and abducent nerves; it gives off a recurrent (meningeal) filament which passes between the layers of the tentorium.

Branches

Nasociliary nerve
- sensory root of ciliary ganglion
- posterior ethmoidal nerve
- long ciliary nerve
- infratrochlear nerve
- anterior ethmoidal nerve
lacrimal nerve
frontal nerve
- supratrochlear nerve
- supraorbital nerve
- lacrimal nerve

Function

The ophthalmic nerve supplies branches to the cornea, ciliary body, and iris; to the lacrimal gland and conjunctiva; to the part of the mucous membrane of the nasal cavity; and to the skin of the eyelids, eyebrow, forehead and nose.

It is the smallest of the three divisions of the trigeminal, and arises from the upper part of the trigeminal ganglion as a short, flattened band, about 2.5 cm. long, which passes forward along the lateral wall of the cavernous sinus, below the oculomotor and trochlear nerves; just before entering the orbit, through the superior orbital fissure, it divides into three branches, lacrimal, frontal, and nasociliary.

carries sensory branches from the Eyes, conjunctiva. , lacrimal gland.

Receives sensory branches from the nasal cavity, frontal sinus, ethmoidal cells, falx cerebri. dura mater in the anterior cranial fossa,superior parts of the tentorium cerebelli, upper eyelid,dorsum of the nose, and anterior part of the scalp.

Roughly speaking, the ophthalmic nerve supplies general somatic afferents to the upper face, skull, and eye:

  - Face: Upper eyelid and associated conjunctiva. Eyebrow, forehead, scalp all the way to the lambdoid suture.
  - Skull: Roof of orbit, frontal, ethmoid, and possibly sphenoid sinuses.
  - Eye: The eye itself (all the intraocular structures such as cornea) and the lacrimal gland and sac.

Compare this to the maxillary nerve, which supplies general somatic afferents to the mid-face and skull:

  - Face: Lower eyelid and associated conjunctiva. Cheek, upper lip.
  - Skull: Orbital floor, maxillary sinus, upper teeth, nasal cavity, and palate, cheekbone.

Additional images

Nerves of the orbit. Seen from above.
Dermatome distribution of the trigeminal nerve
Pathways in the ciliary ganglion.
Ophthalmic nerve
Ophthalmic nerve
Extrinsic eye muscle. Nerves of orbita. Deep dissection.
Extrinsic eye muscle. Nerves of orbita. Deep dissection.
Extrinsic eye muscle. Nerves of orbita. Deep dissection.
Extrinsic eye muscle. Nerves of orbita. Deep dissection.
Extrinsic eye muscle. Nerves of orbita. Deep dissection.

References

This article incorporates text in the public domain from the 20th edition of Gray's Anatomy (1918)

^ http://www.netteranatomy.com/anatomylab/

External links

MedEd at Loyola GrossAnatomy/h_n/cn/cn1/cnb1.htm
Atlas image: eye_33 at the University of Michigan Health System
cranialnerves at The Anatomy Lesson by Wesley Norman (Georgetown University) (V)

UpToDate Contents

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1. 成人における第三脳神経（動眼神経）麻痺 third cranial nerve oculomotor nerve palsy in adults
2. 小児における第3脳神経（動眼神経）麻痺 third cranial nerve oculomotor nerve palsy in children
3. 頭皮、頸部および胴部の神経ブロック：手技 nerve blocks of the scalp neck and trunk techniques
4. 神経伝導検査の概要 overview of nerve conduction studies
5. 下肢末梢神経症候群の概要 overview of lower extremity peripheral nerve syndromes

English Journal

A rare case of odontogenic parainfectious intraorbital optic neuritis with the absence of clinical manifestation of orbital cellulitis.

Vu Q1, Dyer G, Kunjukunju N.
Retinal cases & brief reports.Retin Cases Brief Rep.2015 Summer;9(3):205-9. doi: 10.1097/ICB.0000000000000139.
PURPOSE: To report the case of a 67-year-old male patient with odontogenic maxillary sinusitis who presented with unilateral parainfectious intraorbital optic neuritis without clinical signs and symptoms suggestive of orbital cellulitis. Despite the absence of clinical signs, taking a thorough histo
PMID 25933354

Assessment of maternal Doppler parameters of ophthalmic artery in fetuses with growth restriction in the third trimester of pregnancy: A case-control study.

Melo NA1, Araujo Júnior E1, Helfer TM1, Caetano AC1, Zamarian AC1, Moron AF1, Diniz AL2, Nardozza LM1.
The journal of obstetrics and gynaecology research.J Obstet Gynaecol Res.2015 Jun 4. doi: 10.1111/jog.12739. [Epub ahead of print]
AIM: The aim of this study was to assess the Doppler parameters of the ophthalmic artery of pregnant women carrying fetuses with growth restriction (FGR) compared with normal fetuses.MATERIAL AND METHODS: A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted with 120 pregnant women (60 FGR and 60 normal
PMID 26044926

Retinal fluorescence lifetime imaging ophthalmoscopy measures depend on the severity of Alzheimer's disease.

Jentsch S1, Schweitzer D1, Schmidtke KU1, Peters S1, Dawczynski J2, Bär KJ3, Hammer M1,4.
Acta ophthalmologica.Acta Ophthalmol.2015 Jun;93(4):e241-7. doi: 10.1111/aos.12609. Epub 2014 Dec 7.
PURPOSE: To determine alterations in the retina of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) by the newly developed technique of fluorescence lifetime imaging ophthalmoscopy (FLIO) in a pilot study.METHODS: FLIO set-up uses a scanning laser ophthalmoscope (HRA2, Heidelberg Engineering, Germany), which
PMID 25482990

Japanese Journal

A case of paraneoplastic optic neuropathy and outer retinitis positive for autoantibodies against collapsin response mediator protein-5, recoverin, and alpha-enolase

Saito Michiyuki,Saito Wataru,Kanda Atsuhiro,Ohguro Hiroshi,Ishida Susumu
BMC Ophthalmology 14, 5, 2014-01-16
… Conclusions: The development of neuroretinitis in this cancer patient with anti-retinal and anti-optic nerve antibodies depended largely on the cancer activity, suggesting the possible involvement of paraneoplastic mechanisms. … Patients with paraneoplastic optic neuropathy and retinopathy are likely to develop autoimmune responses against several antigens, thus leading to various ophthalmic involvements. …
NAID 120005438263

Penetration of the Optic Nerve and Falciform Ligament by an Internal Carotid Artery-Ophthalmic Artery Aneurysm:—Case Report—

TAKAGI Yasushi,MIYAMOTO Susumu
Neurologia medico-chirurgica 54(3), 211-213, 2014
… We report a case of an internal carotid artery (ICA)-ophthalmic artery aneurysm with penetration of the opticnerve. … This is the first reported case in which penetration of the optic nerve and falciform ligament has been shown. …
NAID 130003383229

Stereoscopic Three-Dimensional Images of an Anatomical Dissection of the Eyeball and Orbit for Educational Purposes

Matsuo Toshihiko,Takeda Yoshimasa,Ohtsuka Aiji
Acta Medica Okayama 67(2), 87-91, 2013-04
… The eyeball was dissected completely to observe the optic nerve and the ophthalmic artery. …
NAID 120005232497

Related Pictures

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「眼神経」「nervus ophthalmicus」
関連記事	「ophthalmic」「nerve」

「眼神経」

Ophthalmic nerve
	Oblique section through the cavernous sinus.
	Nerves of the orbit, and the ciliary ganglion. Side view.
Details
Latin	n. ophthalmicus
From	trigeminal nerve
To	frontal nerve, lacrimal nerve, nasociliary nerve
Identifiers
Gray's	p.887
MeSH	A08.800.800.120.760.650
TA	A14.2.01.016
FMA	52621
	Anatomical terms of neuroanatomy