核酸ハイブリダイゼーション

WordNet

street name for lysergic acid diethylamide (同)back breaker, battery-acid, dose, dot, Elvis, loony toons, Lucy in the sky with diamonds, pane, superman, window pane, Zen
any of various water-soluble compounds having a sour taste and capable of turning litmus red and reacting with a base to form a salt
having the characteristics of an acid; "an acid reaction"
(genetics) the act of mixing different species or varieties of animals or plants and thus to produce hybrids (同)hybridisation, crossbreeding, crossing, cross, interbreeding, hybridizing

PrepTutorEJDIC

酸性の / 酸味のある,すっぱい(sour) / (言葉・態度などが)厳しい,しんらつな / 酸 / すっぱいもの / 《俗》=LSD
nucleusの複数形

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/10/26 01:28:17」(JST)

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In molecular biology, hybridization (or hybridisation) is a phenomenon in which single-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) or ribonucleic acid (RNA) molecules anneal to complementary DNA or RNA.^[1] Though a double-stranded DNA sequence is generally stable under physiological conditions, changing these conditions in the laboratory (generally by raising the surrounding temperature) will cause the molecules to separate into single strands. These strands are complementary to each other but may also be complementary to other sequences present in their surroundings. Lowering the surrounding temperature allows the single-stranded molecules to anneal or “hybridize” to each other.

DNA replication and transcription of DNA into RNA both rely upon nucleotide hybridization, as do molecular biology techniques including Southern blots and Northern blots,^[2] the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and most approaches to DNA sequencing.

Applications

Hybridization is a basic property of nucleotide sequences and is taken advantage of in numerous molecular biology techniques. Overall genetic relatedness of two species can be determined by hybridizing segments of their DNA (DNA-DNA hybridization). Due to sequence similarity between closely related organisms, higher temperatures are required to melt such DNA hybrids when compared to more distantly related organisms. A variety of different methods use hybridization to pinpoint the origin of a DNA sample, including the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). In another technique, short DNA sequences are hybridized to cellular mRNAs to identify expressed genes. Pharmaceutical drug companies are exploring the use of antisense RNA to bind to undesired mRNA, preventing the ribosome from translating the mRNA into protein.^[3]

DNA-DNA hybridization

Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization

Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) is a laboratory method used to detect and locate a DNA sequence, often on a particular chromosome.^[4]

Researchers Joseph Gall and Mary Lou Pardue realized in the 1960's that molecular hybridization could be used to identify the position of DNA sequences in situ (i.e., in their natural positions within a chromosome). In 1969, the two scientists published a paper demonstrating that radioactive copies of a ribosomal DNA sequence could be used to detect complementary DNA sequences in the nucleus of a frog egg.^[5] Since those original observations, many refinements have increased the versatility and sensitivity of the procedure to the extent that in situ hybridization is now considered an essential tool in cytogenetics. by bhat ayaan R/o kulibagh qazigund ph.9419424443

References

^ Felsenfeld, G; Miles, HT (1967). "The physical and chemical properties of nucleic acids.". Annual review of biochemistry 36: 407–48. PMID 18257727.
^ http://www.ndsu.edu/pubweb/~mcclean/plsc731/dna/dna6.htm Southern and Northern blotting
^ http://www.biologyreference.com/Ho-La/Hybridization.html
^ Levsky, JM; Singer, RH (15 July 2003). "Fluorescence in situ hybridization: past, present and future.". Journal of cell science 116 (Pt 14): 2833–8. doi:10.1242/jcs.00633. PMID 12808017.
^ Pardue, ML; Gall, JG (October 1969). "Molecular hybridization of radioactive DNA to the DNA of cytological preparations.". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 64 (2): 600–4. PMID 5261036.

External links

In 1962 James Watson (b. 1928), Francis Crick (1916–2004), and Maurice Wilkins (1916–2004) jointly received the Nobel Prize in physiology or medicine for their 1953 determination of the structure of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA).
Southern hybridization & Northern hybridization

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English Journal

Template and catalytic effects of DNA in the construction of polypyrrole/DNA composite macro and microelectrodes.

Tosar JP, Holmes JL, Collyer SD, Davis F, Laíz J, Higson SP.SourceFaculty of Science, La República University, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay.
Biosensors & bioelectronics.Biosens Bioelectron.2013 Mar 15;41:294-301. doi: 10.1016/j.bios.2012.08.044. Epub 2012 Sep 5.
Electrochemical DNA hybridization-based sensors show great promise as portable and automated analytical devices for routine screening of pathogenic or foreign nucleic acid sequences in biological samples. However, current sensor technologies still exhibit some unresolved issues which hampers their d
PMID 23017680

Nanowires array modified electrode for enhanced electrochemical detection of nucleic acid.

Ramulu TS, Venu R, Sinha B, Lim B, Jeon SJ, Yoon SS, Kim CG.SourceDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, South Korea.
Biosensors & bioelectronics.Biosens Bioelectron.2013 Feb 15;40(1):258-64. doi: 10.1016/j.bios.2012.07.034. Epub 2012 Jul 28.
The gold nanowires array electrode (AuNWsA) was synthesized by two step electrodeposition, which provided well oriented vertically aligned nanowires. The dimensions of the nanowires were determined by scanning electron micrograph and found to be around 1.5 μm in length with 200 nm diameter. Each na
PMID 22883747

Enzymatic amplification of DNA/RNA hybrid molecular beacon signaling in nucleic acid detection.

Jacroux T, Rieck DC, Cui R, Ouyang Y, Dong WJ.SourceGene and Linda Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA.
Analytical biochemistry.Anal Biochem.2013 Jan 15;432(2):106-14. doi: 10.1016/j.ab.2012.09.015. Epub 2012 Sep 19.
A rapid assay operable under isothermal or nonisothermal conditions is described, where the sensitivity of a typical molecular beacon (MB) system is improved by using thermostable RNase H to enzymatically cleave an MB composed of a DNA stem and an RNA loop (R/D-MB). On hybridization of the R/D-MB to
PMID 23000602

Japanese Journal

Simultaneous Detection of Nucleic Acid and Protein Using Gold Nanoparticles and Lateral Flow Device

, , , , ,
Analytical Sciences 30(6), 637-642, 2014
… In this work, we present a simple and fast approach for simultaneous detection of nucleic acid and protein using gold nanoparticles (GNPs) and a lateral flow device (LFD). … The captured GNPs, due to the DNA hybridization and immunoreaction events on the LFD, produced characteristic red bands that could be used for the qualitative detections of DNA and/or protein. …
NAID 130004442299

3P123 Fleeting secondary structure effects on hybridization kinetics(05A. Nucleic acid: Structure & Property,Poster)

Hata Hiroaki,Suyama Akira
生物物理 53(SUPPLEMENT_1-2), S232, 2013-09-13
NAID 110009819926

microRNA研究の基礎と応用(組織細胞化学技法の基本をじっくりと、確実に)

瀧澤俊広,吉武洋,弓削主哉,竹下俊行
組織細胞化学 2013, 169-179, 2013-07-10
NAID 110009685987

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