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Italian architect who pioneered in the use of reinforced concrete (1891-1979) (同)Pier Luigi Nervi

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/06/01 00:45:39」(JST)

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Pelvic splanchnic nerves or nervi erigentes are splanchnic nerves that arise from sacral spinal nerves S2, S3, S4 to provide parasympathetic innervation to the hindgut.

Structure [edit]

The pelvic splanchnic nerves arise from the ventral rami of the S2-S4 and enter the sacral plexus. They travel to their side's corresponding inferior hypogastric plexus, located bilaterally on the walls of the rectum.

From there, they contribute to the innervation of the pelvic and genital organs. The nerves regulate the emptying of the urinary bladder and the rectum as well as sexual functions like erection.

They contain both preganglionic parasympathetic fibers as well as visceral afferent fibers.

The parasympathetic nervous system is referred to as the craniosacral outflow; the pelvic splanchnic nerves are the sacral component. They are in the same region as the sacral splanchnic nerves, which arise from the sympathetic trunk and provide sympathetic efferent fibers.

The proximal 2/3 of the transverse colon, and the rest of the proximal gastrointestinal tract is supplied its parasympathetic fibers by the vagus nerve. In the distal 1/3 of the transverse colon, and through the sigmoid and rectum, the pelvic splanchnic nerves take over.

External links [edit]

Pelvic+splanchnic+nerves at eMedicine Dictionary
SUNY Labs 43:15-0107
Autonomics of the Abdomen - Page 7 of 16 anatomy module at med.umich.edu
Human anatomy at Dartmouth figures/chapter_32/32-6.HTM
pelvis at The Anatomy Lesson by Wesley Norman (Georgetown University) (pelvicnerves)

This neuroanatomy article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

UpToDate Contents

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1. 骨盤手術に関連する神経損傷 nerve injury associated with pelvic surgery
2. 大腸癌手術の腹腔内、骨盤内、および泌尿生殖器の合併症のマネージメント management of intra abdominal pelvic and genitourinary complications of colorectal surgery

English Journal

[Advance of neurogenic erectile dysfunction therapy by stem cells].

Shen HJ, Zhu GY.Author information Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Institute of Forensic Science, Ministry of Justice, Shanghai 200063, PR China. shenhanjian@yahoo.com.cnAbstractNeurogenic erectile dysfunction (NED) commonly results from erectile nerve damage. Recent researches have focused on the preclinical study of stem cell-based therapies targeted at repairing and protecting nervi erigentes. In this paper, researches of NESCs, MDSCs, ASCs and MSCs in NED are reviewed. Early studies have demonstrated that stem cells and gene modified stem cells were effective to the therapy of ED, even likely to cure ED. Stem cells are expected to be applied in the clinical therapy of NED. Stem cells as a new therapy technique will bring up a new challenge in forensic clinical medicine.
Fa yi xue za zhi.Fa Yi Xue Za Zhi.2010 Jun;26(3):206-9.
Neurogenic erectile dysfunction (NED) commonly results from erectile nerve damage. Recent researches have focused on the preclinical study of stem cell-based therapies targeted at repairing and protecting nervi erigentes. In this paper, researches of NESCs, MDSCs, ASCs and MSCs in NED are reviewed.
PMID 20707282

Surgical anatomy of the retroperitoneal spaces, Part IV: retroperitoneal nerves.

Mirilas P, Skandalakis JE.Author information Centers for Surgical Anatomy and Technique, Emory University School of Medicine, 1462 Clifton Road NE, Suite 303, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA. pmirilas@gmail.comAbstractWe present surgicoanatomical topographic relations of nerves and plexuses in the retroperitoneal space: 1) six named parietal nerves, branches of the lumbar plexus: iliohypogastric, ilioinguinal, genitofemoral, lateral femoral cutaneous, obturator, femoral. 2) The sacral plexus is formed by the lumbosacral trunk, ventral rami of S1-S3, and part of S4; the remainder of S4 joining the coccygeal plexus. From this plexus originate the superior gluteal nerve, which passes backward through the greater sciatic foramen above the piriformis muscle; the inferior gluteal nerve also courses through the greater sciatic foramen, but below the piriformis; 3) sympathetic trunks: right and left lumbar sympathetic trunks, which comprise four interconnected ganglia, and the pelvic chains; 4) greater, lesser, and least thoracic splanchnic nerves (sympathetic), which pass the diaphragm and join celiac ganglia; 5) four lumbar splanchnic nerves (sympathetic), which arise from lumbar sympathetic ganglia; 6) pelvic splanchnic nerves (nervi erigentes), providing parasympathetic innervation to the descending colon and pelvic splanchna; and 7) autonomic (prevertebral) plexuses, formed by the vagus nerves, splanchnic nerves, and ganglia (celiac, superior mesenteric, aorticorenal). They include sympathetic, parasympathetic, and sensory (mainly pain) fibers. The autonomic plexuses comprise named parts: aortic, superior mesenteric, inferior mesenteric, superior hypogastric, and inferior hypogastric (hypogastric nerves).
The American surgeon.Am Surg.2010 Mar;76(3):253-62.
We present surgicoanatomical topographic relations of nerves and plexuses in the retroperitoneal space: 1) six named parietal nerves, branches of the lumbar plexus: iliohypogastric, ilioinguinal, genitofemoral, lateral femoral cutaneous, obturator, femoral. 2) The sacral plexus is formed by the lumb
PMID 20349652

[Progress in researches on stem cell therapy for erectile dysfunction].

Jiang YB, Gou X.Author information Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongging Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China. eps611@126.comAbstractErectile dysfunction (ED) commonly results from endothelial dysfunction and erectile nerve damage. Recent researches have focused on the preclinical studies of stem cell-based therapies targeted at repairing penile endothelium and protecting erectile nerves. Early studies showed that stem cell- or gene-modified stem cell-based therapies may have enduring efficacy and eventually lead to a cure for ED. Such stem cells as embryonic, mesenchymal, muscle-derived and adipose-derived ones and endothelial progenitor cells all have differentiation potentials and obvious advantages in protecting and repairing both nervi erigentes and corpus cavernosum vascular endothelial cells. Stem cell-based therapies promise to be an effective approach to human erectile dysfunction.
Zhonghua nan ke xue = National journal of andrology.Zhonghua Nan Ke Xue.2009 Oct;15(10):937-40.
Erectile dysfunction (ED) commonly results from endothelial dysfunction and erectile nerve damage. Recent researches have focused on the preclinical studies of stem cell-based therapies targeted at repairing penile endothelium and protecting erectile nerves. Early studies showed that stem cell- or g
PMID 20112746