WordNet

reckoned in a direction opposite to that regarded as positive; "negative interest rates"
a piece of photographic film showing an image with light and shade or colors reversed
a reply of denial; "he answered in the negative"
not indicating the presence of microorganisms or disease or a specific condition; "the HIV test was negative" (同)disconfirming
having a negative charge; "electrons are negative" (同)electronegative, negatively charged
characterized by or displaying negation or denial or opposition or resistance; having no positive features; "a negative outlook on life"; "a colorless negative personality"; "a negative evaluation"; "a negative reaction to an advertising campaign"
expressing or consisting of a negation or refusal or denial
having the quality of something harmful or unpleasant; "ran a negative campaign"; "delinquents retarded by their negative outlook on life"
less than zero; "a negative number"
make strong or stronger; "This exercise will strengthen your upper body"; "strengthen the relations between the two countries" (同)beef up, fortify
gain strength; "His body strengthened"

PrepTutorEJDIC

『否定の』,反対の / 『消極的な』,控えめの / 陰電気の;(数値が)負の,マイナスの(minus);(写真が)陰画の,ネガの;(医学検査結果が)陰性の / 『否定』,拒否,「いやだ」と言うこと / 否定語[句] / 《the~》(特に討論会の)反対者側,反対派 / (電気分解に用いる)陰極板 / (数値の)負数 / (写真の)陰画,ネガ / 《しばしば受動態に用いて》…‘に'反対投票をする / =negate
…‘を'『強くする』, / 『強くなる』,力がつく
刺激[するもの]

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1. グラム陰性桿菌性髄膜炎：疫学、臨床的特徴、および診断 gram negative bacillary meningitis epidemiology clinical features and diagnosis
2. 陰圧創傷閉鎖法 negative pressure wound therapy
3. グラム陰性桿菌性髄膜炎：治療 gram negative bacillary meningitis treatment
4. ER／PR陰性、HER2陰性（トリプルネガティブ）乳癌の疫学、危険因子および臨床的アプローチ epidemiology risk factors and the clinical approach to er pr negative her2 negative triple negative breast cancer
5. 診断的検査の評価 evaluating diagnostic tests

Dopaminergic reward signals selectively decrease fMRI activity in primate visual cortex.

Arsenault JT, Nelissen K, Jarraya B, Vanduffel W.SourceLaboratory of Neuro and Psychophysiology, KU Leuven Medical School, Campus Gasthuisberg, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
Neuron.Neuron.2013 Mar 20;77(6):1174-86. doi: 10.1016/j.neuron.2013.01.008.
Stimulus-reward coupling without attention can induce highly specific perceptual learning effects, suggesting that reward triggers selective plasticity within visual cortex. Additionally, dopamine-releasing events-temporally surrounding stimulus-reward associations-selectively enhance memory. These
PMID 23522051

Voineskos D, Rogasch NC, Rajji TK, Fitzgerald PB, Daskalakis ZJ.SourceDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Canadian journal of psychiatry. Revue canadienne de psychiatrie.Can J Psychiatry.2013 Feb;58(2):86-92.
The adaptations resulting from neural plasticity lead to changes in cognition and behaviour, which are strengthened through repeated exposure to the novel environment or stimulus. Learning and memory have been hypothesized to occur through modifications of the strength of neural circuits, particular
PMID 23442895

Cholecystokinin enhances visceral pain-related affective memory via vagal afferent pathway in rats.

Cao B, Zhang X, Yan N, Chen S, Li Y.SourceNeuroscience Laboratory, Department of Biology and Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
Molecular brain.Mol Brain.2012 Jun 9;5:19. doi: 10.1186/1756-6606-5-19.
BACKGROUND: Pain contains both sensory and affective dimensions. Using a rodent visceral pain assay that combines the colorectal distension (CRD) model with the conditioned place avoidance (CPA) paradigms, we measured a learned behavior that directly reflects the affective component of visceral pain
PMID 22681758

鈴木まや,梅川依子,八木昭宏
日本味と匂学会誌 10(2), 257-266, 2003-08
… Evaluative conditioning refers to a change in one's like or dislike of a stimulus when the stimulus is paired with other positive or negative stimuli. … The current study examined whether a group exposed to an explicit relationship by picture (unconditioned stimulus; … US) - odor (conditioned stimulus; … The results showed that repetition of the pairings slightly strengthened the effects of evaluative conditioning. …
NAID 110001098872

岩原信九郎
心理学研究 26(4), 231-234, 1955
… facts such as : (1) the gradient of number repetitions similar to the Thorndike effect was found after chance repetitions which were not rewarded (Sheffield and Jenkins), (2) the gradient disappeared when stimulus positions were changed during trials but it was found if only step positions were considered, stimulus positions being ignored (Zirkle) and (3) the effect did not appear or it was greatly reduced after non-repeated rewarded responses while it was clearly shown after repeated rewarded responses (Jenkins and …
NAID 130002013102