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a motor vehicle with four wheels; usually propelled by an internal combustion engine; "he needs a car to get to work" (同)auto, automobile, machine, motorcar
where passengers ride up and down; "the car was on the top floor" (同)elevator car
the compartment that is suspended from an airship and that carries personnel and the cargo and the power plant (同)gondola
a wheeled vehicle adapted to the rails of railroad; "three cars had jumped the rails" (同)railcar, railway car, railroad car
any of various freshwater fish of the family Cyprinidae
the lean flesh of a fish that is often farmed; can be baked or braised
relating to or near the ulna

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/02/04 05:39:01」(JST)

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In human anatomy, the extensor carpi ulnaris is a skeletal muscle located on the ulnar side of the forearm. It acts to extend and adducts at the carpus/wrist from anatomical position.

Being an extensor muscle, extensor carpi ulnaris is on the posterior side of the forearm.

Origin and insertionEdit

It originates from the lateral epicondyle of the humerus and the posterior border of the ulna, and crosses the forearm to the ulnar (medial) side to insert at the base of the 5th metacarpal.

ActionEdit

The extensor carpi ulnaris extends the wrist, but when acting alone inclines the hand toward the ulnar side; by its continued action it extends the elbow-joint.

The muscle is a minor extensor of the carpus in carnivores, but has become a flexor in ungulates. In this case it is described as ulnaris lateralis.

InnervationEdit

Despite its name, the extensor carpi ulnaris is innervated by Posterior interosseous nerve (C7 and C8), the continuation of the deep branch of the radial nerve.^[1] It would therefore be paralyzed in an injury to the posterior cord of the brachial plexus.^[2]^[3]

InjuriesEdit

A common injury to the extensor carpi ulnaris is tennis elbow. This injury occurs in people that participate in activities requiring repetitive arm, elbow, and wrist, especially when they are tightly gripping an object. Some symptoms include pain when shaking hands or when squeezing/gripping an object. The pain worsens when a person moves their wrist with force. The pain intensifies because the extensor carpi ulnaris has an injury near the elbow area and as a person moves their arm, the muscle contracts, thus causing it to move over the lateral epicondyle of the humerus. This causes irritation to the already existing injury. Some treatments for tennis elbow include physical therapy, anti-inflammatory medication, and rest from the activity that caused the injury.^[4]^[5]

Additional imagesEdit

Bones of left forearm. Posterior aspect.

Bones of the left hand. Dorsal surface.

Cross-section through the middle of the forearm.

Posterior surface of the forearm. Deep muscles.

Transverse section across distal ends of radius and ulna.

Transverse section across the wrist and digits.

The mucous sheaths of the tendons on the back of the wrist.

Extensor carpi ulnaris muscle

ReferencesEdit

^ Clinically oriented anatomy. [S.l.]: Lippincott Williams & Wil. 2009. p. 751. ISBN 978-1-6083-1181-1.
^ Chung, K (1995). BRS: Gross Anatomy.
^ Moore, K; Agar, A (2002). Essential Clinical Anatomy (2nd ed.). Lippincott.
^ Nirschl, RP (October 1992). "Elbow Tendinosis/tennis Elbow". Clin Sports Med. 11 (4): 851–70. PMID 1423702.
^ Saladin, Kenneth S. Anatomy and Physiology: The Unity and Form of Function (5th ed.). ISBN 9780077396336. ^{[page needed]}

External linksEdit

UpToDate Contents

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1. 亜急性または慢性の手首の疼痛を有する成人の評価 evaluation of the adult with subacute or chronic wrist pain
2. 急性の手首の疼痛を有する成人患者の評価 evaluation of the adult with acute wrist pain
3. 手首の解剖学および基本的な生体力学 anatomy and basic biomechanics of the wrist
4. 小児および思春期における慢性の手首の疼痛の原因 causes of chronic wrist pain in children and adolescents
5. 小児および思春期における手首の疼痛および損傷の評価 evaluation of wrist pain and injury in children and adolescents

English Journal

The effects of forearm fatigue on baseball fastball pitching, with implications about elbow injury.

Wang LH1, Lo KC2, Jou IM3, Kuo LC4, Tai TW5, Su FC6.
Journal of sports sciences.J Sports Sci.2016 Jun;34(12):1182-9. doi: 10.1080/02640414.2015.1101481. Epub 2015 Oct 20.
This study investigated the contribution of flexor muscles to the forearm through fatigue; therefore, the differences in forearm mechanisms on the pitching motion in fastball were analysed. Fifteen baseball pitchers were included in this study. Ultrasonographical examination of participants' ulnar n
PMID 26484578

Muscle Activity during Rapid Wrist Extension in People with Lateral Epicondylalgia.

Manickaraj N1, Bisset LM, Ryan M, Kavanagh JJ.
Medicine and science in sports and exercise.Med Sci Sports Exerc.2016 Apr;48(4):599-606. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000000815.
BACKGROUND: Individuals with lateral epicondylalgia (LE) have delayed upper limb reaction time (RT); however, it is unknown if the mechanisms of this dysfunction are related to neural processing or the affected forearm muscles. The aim of this study was to examine the timing of processes that occur
PMID 26559453

Multi-contact functional electrical stimulation for hand opening: electrophysiologically driven identification of the optimal stimulation site.

De Marchis C1,2,3, Santos Monteiro T4,5, Simon-Martinez C4,5, Conforto S6, Gharabaghi A7,8.
Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation.J Neuroeng Rehabil.2016 Mar 8;13:22. doi: 10.1186/s12984-016-0129-6.
BACKGROUND: Functional Electrical Stimulation (FES) is increasingly applied in neurorehabilitation. Particularly, the use of electrode arrays may allow for selective muscle recruitment. However, detecting the best electrode configuration constitutes still a challenge.METHODS: A multi-contact set-up
PMID 26955873

Japanese Journal

簡素化を目的とした筋電義手の開発

55, 2014-03-24
NAID 120005524481

ジャイアントパンダにおける前腕筋群の機能形態学的検討(解剖学)

The journal of veterinary medical science 65(8), 839-843, 2003-08-25
NAID 110003886269

「尺側手根伸筋」

Extensor carpi ulnaris
	Posterior surface of the forearm. Extensor carpi ulnaris labeled in purple at center right.
Details
Origin	Common extensor tendon (lateral epicondyle), ulna
Insertion	5th metacarpal
Artery	ulnar artery
Nerve	Deep branch of the radial nerve (C7, C8)
Actions	extends and adducts the wrist
Antagonist	Flexor carpi radialis
Identifiers
Latin	musculus extensor carpi ulnaris
TA	A04.6.02.045
FMA	38506
	Anatomical terms of muscle [edit on Wikidata]