mineralocorticoid

鉱質コルチコイド

　

WordNet

1. hormone that is one of the steroids of the adrenal cortex that influences the metabolism of sodium and potassium

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/07/29 01:51:06」(JST)

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Aldosterone

Deoxycorticosterone

Fludrocortisone

Mineralocorticoids are a class of steroid hormones characterized by their influence on salt and water balances. The primary mineralocorticoid is aldosterone.

Physiology

The name mineralocorticoid derives from early observations that these hormones were involved in the retention of sodium, a mineral. The primary endogenous mineralocorticoid is aldosterone, although a number of other endogenous hormones (including progesterone and deoxycorticosterone) have mineralocorticoid function.

Aldosterone acts on the kidneys to provide active reabsorption of sodium and an associated passive reabsorption of water, as well as the active secretion of potassium in the principal cells of the cortical collecting tubule and active secretion of protons via proton ATPases in the lumenal membrane of the intercalated cells of the collecting tubule. This in turn results in an increase of blood pressure and blood volume.

Aldosterone is produced in the zona glomerulosa of the cortex of the adrenal gland and its secretion is mediated principally by angiotensin II but also by adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) and local potassium levels.

Mode of action

The effects of mineralocorticoids are mediated by slow genomic mechanisms through nuclear receptors as well as by fast nongenomic mechanisms through membrane-associated receptors and signaling cascades.

Steroidogenesis, showing mineralocorticoids in ellipse at top right. Note that it is not a strictly bounded group, but a continuum of structures with increasing mineralocorticoid effect, with the primary example aldosterone at top.

Genomic mechanisms

Mineralocorticoids bind to the cytosolic mineralocorticoid receptor, being able to cross the lipid bilayer freely. This type of receptor becomes activated upon ligand binding. After a hormone binds to the corresponding receptor, the newly formed receptor-ligand complex translocates into the cell nucleus, where it binds to many hormone response elements (HREs) in the promoter region of the target genes in the DNA.

The opposite mechanism is called transrepression. The hormone receptor without ligand binding interacts with heat shock proteins and prevents the transcription of targeted genes.

Aldosterone and cortisol (a glucosteroid) have similar affinity for the mineralocorticoid receptor; however, glucocorticoids circulate at roughly 100 times the level of mineralocorticoids. An enzyme exists in mineralocorticoid target tissues to prevent overstimulation by glucocorticoids. This enzyme, 11-beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type II (Protein:HSD11B2), catalyzes the deactivation of glucocorticoids to 11-dehydro metabolites. Licorice is known to be an inhibitor of this enzyme and chronic consumption can result in a condition known as pseudohyperaldosteronism.

Pathophysiology

Hyperaldosteronism (the syndrome caused by elevated aldosterone) generally results from adrenal cancers. The two main resulting problems:

1. Hypertension and edema due to excessive Na+ and water retention.
2. Accelerated excretion of potassium ions (K+). With extreme K+ loss there is muscle weakness and eventually paralysis.

Underproduction, or hypoaldosteronism, leads to the salt-wasting state associated with Addison's disease, although classical congenital adrenal hyperplasia and other disease states may also cause this situation. Acute underproduction (hemorrhagic adrenalitis) is often lifethreatening.

Pharmacology

An example of a synthetic mineralocorticoid is fludrocortisone (Florinef). Important mineralocorticoid inhibitors are spironolactone and eplerenone.

References

Further reading

• Stewart P (2008): "The Adrenal Cortex " In: Kronenberg, Melmed, Polonsky, Larsen (eds.) Williams Textbook of Endocrinology (11 ed)., Saunders Elsevier, Philadelphia, pp.445-504.
• Bennett PN and Brown MJ (2008) “Adrenal corticosteroids, antagonists, corticotropin”, in Clinical Pharmacology (10ed), Churchill Livingstone Elsevier, Publ. pp. 593-607.
• Hu X, Funder JW (2006) The evolution of mineralocorticoid receptors. Mol Endocrinol. 20(7):1471-8.
• McKay L, Renoir JM, Weigel NL, Wilson EM, McDonnell DP, Cidlowski JA. (2006) International Union of Pharmacology. LXV. The pharmacology and classification of the nuclear receptor superfamily: glucocorticoid, mineralocorticoid, progesterone, and androgen receptors. Pharmacol Rev. Dec;58(4):782-97.
• Pippal JB, Fuller PJ. (2008) Structure-function relationships in the mineralocorticoid receptor. J Mol Endocrinol. 41(6):405-13.

External links

• Mineralocorticoids at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)

UpToDate Contents

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• 1. 成人における副腎不全の治療 treatment of adrenal insufficiency in adults
• 2. 見かけの鉱質コルチコイド過剰（AME）症候群（長期甘草摂取を含む） apparent mineralocorticoid excess syndromes including chronic licorice ingestion
• 3. Uncommon congenital adrenal hyperplasias
• 4. Management of perioperative heart failure in patients undergoing noncardiac surgery
• 5. 駆出率低下を伴う心不全における鉱質コルチコイド受容体アンタゴニストの使用 use of mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction

English Journal

• Mineralocorticoid receptors and the heart, multiple cell types and multiple mechanisms: a focus on the cardiomyocyte.

• Bienvenu LA, Reichelt ME, Delbridge LM, Young MJ.Source†Department of Physiology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia.
• Clinical science (London, England : 1979).Clin Sci (Lond).2013 Nov 1;125(9):409-21. doi: 10.1042/CS20130050.
• MR (mineralocorticoid receptor) activation in the heart plays a central role in the development of cardiovascular disease, including heart failure. The MR is present in many cell types within the myocardium, including cardiomyocytes, macrophages and the coronary vasculature. The specific role of th
• PMID 23829554

• Aldosterone regulates Na(+), K(+) ATPase activity in human renal proximal tubule cells through mineralocorticoid receptor.

• Salyer SA, Parks J, Barati MT, Lederer ED, Clark BJ, Klein JD, Khundmiri SJ.SourceDepartment of Medicine, Kidney Disease Program, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA; Department of Physiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.
• Biochimica et biophysica acta.Biochim Biophys Acta.2013 Oct;1833(10):2143-52. doi: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2013.05.009. Epub 2013 May 16.
• The mechanisms by which aldosterone increases Na(+), K(+) ATPase and sodium channel activity in cortical collecting duct and distal nephron have been extensively studied. Recent investigations demonstrate that aldosterone increases Na-H exchanger-3 (NHE-3) activity, bicarbonate transport, and H(+) A
• PMID 23684706

• Blockade of corticosteroid receptors induces anxiolytic-like effects in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice, and synergizes with diazepam.

• López-Rubalcava C, Paez-Martinez N, Oikawa J.SourceaDepartment of Pharmacobiology, Cinvestav-IPN bPostgraduate and Research Section, School of Medicine, Instituto Politecnico Nacional cDirection for Neuroscience, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatria Ramon de la Fuente, Mexico City, Mexico.
• Behavioural pharmacology.Behav Pharmacol.2013 Aug;24(4):320-7. doi: 10.1097/FBP.0b013e3283637de2.
• Anxiety disorder is a psychiatric condition reported in diabetic patients. It is known that hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis activity is increased in these patients and corticosteroids levels are augmented, whereas the anxiolytic actions of diazepam are reduced. The aim of this study was to evalu
• PMID 23764904

Japanese Journal

• Roles of Oxidative Stress and the Mineralocorticoid Receptor in Cardiac Pathology in a Rat Model of Metabolic Syndrome

• NAGATA KOHZO,MUROHARA TOYOAKI,WATANABE SHOGO,HATTORI TAKUYA,NAGASAWA KAI,MATSUURA NATSUMI,TAKATSU MIWA,MURASE TAMAYO,TAKAHASHI KEIJI
• Nagoya Journal of Medical Science 77(1-2), 275-289, 2015-02
• NAID 120005549574

• Current Challenges in the Management of Heart Failure

• Circulation Journal 79(5), 948-953, 2015
• … The management of chronic heart failure (HF) with low ejection fraction (EF) has changed considerably over the past 30 years: the introduction of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs), β-blockers, angiotensin-receptor blockers, mineralocorticoid-receptor antagonists and recently, the Ifblocker, ivabradine, has led to a significant reduction in overall mortality and HF mortality. …
• NAID 130005066279

• Glucocorticoids Induce Cardiac Fibrosis via Mineralocorticoid Receptor in Oxidative Stress: Contribution of Elongation Factor Eleven-Nineteen Lysine-Rich Leukemia (ELL)

• Omori Yosuke,Mano Toshiaki,Ohtani Tomohito,Sakata Yasushi,Takeda Yasuharu,Tamaki Shunsuke,Tsukamoto Yasumasa,Miwa Takeshi,Yamamoto Kazuhiro,Komuro Issei
• Yonago Acta medica 57(3), 109-116, 2014-09
• NAID 120005482531

Related Links

• Mineralocorticoid | Define Mineralocorticoid at Dictionary.com

Biochemistry. any of a group of corticosteroid hormones, synthesized by the adrenal cortex, that regulate the excretion or reabsorption of sodium and potassium ... mineralocorticoid min·er·al·o·cor·ti·coid (mĭn'ər-ə-lō-kôr'tĭ-koid') n. ...

• CiNii 論文 - Drug Discovery for Overcoming Chronic Kidney ...

There is increasing evidence demonstrating that the renoprotective effects of mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) blockade are independent of the effects exerted by renin-angiotensin inhibitors. MR is expressed not only in tubular cells but ...

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★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「鉱質コルチコイド」「mineral corticoid」
拡張検索	「mineralocorticoid-responsive hyponatremia of the elderly」

「鉱質コルチコイド」

　　[★]

英

mineral corticoid MC, mineralocorticoid

同

ミネラルコルチコイド、電解質コルチコイド

関

ホルモン、コルチコイド、副腎皮質ホルモン、糖質コルチコイド、アルドステロン

[show details]

電解質コルチコイド : 約 4,430 件
鉱質コルチコイド : 約 35,000 件
ミネラルコルチコイド : 約 22,200 件

概念

• 副腎皮質で産生・分泌され、電解質代謝に関与する。

分類

• 副腎皮質ホルモン

性状

• ステロイド

産生組織

• 副腎皮質球状層の細胞(主に)

作用

• 腎集合管、唾液腺、乳腺、汗腺などに働いてNa+の再吸収を促進し、K+の排出(分泌)を促進する
• 腎集合管でH+の排出(分泌)を促進する　　→　　血中HCO3-濃度上昇

分泌の調整

• アンジオテンシンIIが副腎皮質球状層細胞に作用してアルドステロンの分泌合成を促す (SP.899)
• レニン-アンジオテンシン-アルドステロン系の最後のホルモン

「mineral corticoid」

　　[★] 電解質コルチコイド、ミネラルコルチコイド、鉱質コルチコイド、mineralocorticoid

「mineralocorticoid-responsive hyponatremia of the elderly」

　　[★] 鉱質コルチコイド反応性低ナトリウム血症 MRHE