WordNet

bring disorder to (同)disarray
a physical condition in which there is a disturbance of normal functioning; "the doctor prescribed some medicine for the disorder"; "everyone gets stomach upsets from time to time" (同)upset
a disturbance of the peace or of public order
of or relating to menstruation or the menses; "menstrual period" (同)catamenial
not arranged in order (同)unordered

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〈U〉『無秩序』,混乱,乱雑(confusion) / 《しばしば複数形で》(社会的・政治的な)粉争,騒動 / 〈C〉(肉体的・精神的な)不調,異常,障害 / …‘の'秩序を乱す / 〈心身〉‘に'異常を起こさせる
月経の

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/02/06 15:17:56」(JST)

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A menstrual disorder is an irregular condition in a woman's menstrual cycle.

Disorders of ovulation[edit]

Disorders of ovulation include oligoovulation and anovulation:

Oligoovulation is infrequent or irregular ovulation (usually defined as cycles of ≥36 days or <8 cycles a year)
Anovulation is absence of ovulation when it would be normally expected (in a post-menarchal, premenopausal woman). Anovulation usually manifests itself as irregularity of menstrual periods, that is, unpredictable variability of intervals, duration, or bleeding. Anovulation can also cause cessation of periods (secondary amenorrhea) or excessive bleeding (dysfunctional uterine bleeding).

Disorders of cycle length[edit]

Polymenorrhea is the medical term for cycles with intervals of 21 days or fewer.

Irregular menstruation is where there is variation in menstrual cycle length of more than approximately eight days for a woman. The term metrorrhagia is often used for irregular menstruation that occurs between the expected menstrual periods.^[1]

Oligomenorrhea is the medical term for infrequent, often light menstrual periods (intervals exceeding 35 days).

Amenorrhea is the absence of a menstrual period in a woman of reproductive age. Physiologic states of amenorrhoea are seen during pregnancy and lactation (breastfeeding). Outside of the reproductive years there is absence of menses during childhood and after menopause.

Disorders of flow[edit]

Hypomenorrhea is abnormally light menstrual periods.

Menorrhagia (meno = month,^[2] rrhagia = excessive flow/discharge) is an abnormally heavy and prolonged menstrual period. If there is excessive menstrual and uterine bleeding other than that caused by menstruation, menometrorrhagia (meno = prolonged, metro = uterine, rrhagia = excessive flow/discharge) may be diagnosed. Causes may be due to abnormal blood clotting, disruption of normal hormonal regulation of periods or disorders of the endometrial lining of the uterus. Depending upon the cause, it may be associated with abnormally painful periods (dysmenorrhoea).

Dysmenorrhea[edit]

Main article: Dysmenorrhea

Dysmenorrhea (or dysmenorrhoea), cramps or painful menstruation, involves menstrual periods that are accompanied by either sharp, intermittent pain or dull, aching pain, usually in the pelvis or lower abdomen.

References[edit]

^ MedicineNet.com > Definition of Metrorrhagia Last Editorial Review: 3/17/2003
^ http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/meno-

External links[edit]

NIH

UpToDate Contents

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1. 妊娠していない生殖可能年齢の女性における不正子宮出血に対するアプローチ approach to abnormal uterine bleeding in nonpregnant reproductive age women
2. Abnormal uterine bleeding in adolescents: Evaluation and approach to diagnosis
3. Abnormal uterine bleeding in reproductive-age women: Terminology and PALM-COEIN etiology classification
4. 思春期の異常子宮出血：マネージメント abnormal uterine bleeding in adolescents management
5. 月経抑制のためのホルモン避妊法 hormonal contraception for suppression of menstruation

English Journal

Survey of premenstrual symptom severity and impairment in Korean adolescents: Premenstrual dysphoric disorder, subthreshold premenstrual dysphoric disorder and premenstrual syndrome.

Yang J1, Joe SH, Lee MS, Kim SH, Jung IK.Author information 1Department of Psychiatry, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Ansan, Korea; Korea University Research Institute of Mental Health, Seoul, Korea.AbstractINTRODUCTION: The aims of the study were to examine the prevalence of premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD), subthreshold PMDD and premenstrual syndrome (PMS) among adolescents, and to assess the nature of symptoms and the impact on daily life functions, especially for PMDD and subthreshold PMDD.
Asia-Pacific psychiatry : official journal of the Pacific Rim College of Psychiatrists.Asia Pac Psychiatry.2014 Jun;6(2):135-44. doi: 10.1111/appy.12024. Epub 2012 Dec 26.
INTRODUCTION: The aims of the study were to examine the prevalence of premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD), subthreshold PMDD and premenstrual syndrome (PMS) among adolescents, and to assess the nature of symptoms and the impact on daily life functions, especially for PMDD and subthreshold PMDD.ME
PMID 23857722

The mediation effect of menstrual phase on negative emotion processing: Evidence from N2.

Wu H1, Chen C, Cheng D, Yang S, Huang R, Cacioppo S, Luo YJ.Author information 1a Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science , Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , China.AbstractNumerous studies have shown a 'negativity bias' in emotion processing and effect of menstrual phase on emotion processing. Most of these results, however, did not match the arousal of different types of stimuli. The present study examined the time course of negative emotion processing across different menstrual phases (e.g., late luteal/premenstrual phase and follicular phase) when the arousal level of negative and neutral stimuli was equal. Following previous studies, an oddball paradigm was utilized in present study. Participants viewed neutral and negative (highly (HN) and moderately negative (MN)) stimuli with matched arousal and were asked to make deviant vs. standard judgments. The behavioral results showed a higher accuracy for HN stimuli than neutral stimuli, and the other comparisons were not significant. The major event-related potential (ERP) finding was that N2 amplitude was larger for MN than neutral in the late luteal phase, whereas such difference was absent during the follicular phase. Moreover, The N2 for HN stimuli was larger in late luteal phase than in follicular phase. Therefore, female may be with higher sensitivity to MN stimuli during late luteal phase than during follicular phase when the arousal of stimuli was well controlled. These results provide additional insight to premenstrual affective syndrome and affective disorder.
Social neuroscience.Soc Neurosci.2014 Jun;9(3):278-88. doi: 10.1080/17470919.2014.886617. Epub 2014 Mar 3.
Numerous studies have shown a 'negativity bias' in emotion processing and effect of menstrual phase on emotion processing. Most of these results, however, did not match the arousal of different types of stimuli. The present study examined the time course of negative emotion processing across differe
PMID 24579924