関: Autumn crocus、autumnal meadow saffron

WordNet

Old World crocus having purple or white flowers with aromatic pungent orange stigmas used in flavoring food (同)saffron crocus, Crocus sativus
dried pungent stigmas of the Old World saffron crocus
made of fermented honey and water

PrepTutorEJDIC

〈C〉サフラン(じょうご状の花の多年生植物) / 〈U〉サフラン色,鮮黄色 / サフラン自の
=meadow
はちみつ酒
『牧草地』,草原

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/09/24 23:12:03」(JST)

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Colchicum autumnale, commonly known as autumn crocus, meadow saffron^[3] or naked lady, is an autumn-blooming flower that resembles the true crocuses, but is a member of the Colchicaceae plant family, unlike the true crocuses which belong to the Iridaceae family. The name "naked lady" comes from the fact that the flowers emerge from the ground long after the leaves have died back.^[4]

The species is commonly cultivated as an ornamental in temperate areas, in spite of its toxicity.

Distribution

Colchicum autumnale is the only species of its genus native to the Great Britain and Ireland,^[5]^[6] with notable populations under the stewardship of the County Wildlife Trusts. It also occurs across mainland Europe from Portugal to Ukraine, and is reportedly naturalized in Denmark, Sweden, European Russia, the Baltic States and New Zealand.^[2]

Pharmaceutical uses

The bulb-like corms of Colchicum autumnale contain colchicine, a useful drug with a narrow therapeutic index. Colchicine is approved by the US FDA for the treatment of gout and familial Mediterranean fever. Colchicine is also used in plant breeding to produce polyploid strains. A synthetic chemical compound, called ICT2588, which is similar to one from the autumn crocus, is in the early stages of drug development for the treatment of some types of cancer. In experimental testing it was successfully used to treat breast, bowel, lung and prostate cancers in mice when used in combination with the drug doxorubicin.^[7]^[8]

Toxicity

Colchicum plants are deadly poisonous due to their colchicine content, and have been mistaken by foragers for ramsons, which they vaguely resemble. The symptoms of colchicine poisoning resemble those of arsenic, and no antidote is known.

Gallery

Flowers surrounded by other plants
Two flowers
Seed capsules
Seeds
Colchicum autumnale by Auguste Faguet
After the rain
Detail of flower at the United States Botanic Gardens
Colchicum autumnale Limana, (Valmorel), Italy
Several Colchicum autumnale in a meadow Lauterbourg, (Alsace), France

References

^ Linnaeus, Carl von. 1753. Species Plantarum 1: 341, Colchicum autumnale
^ ^a ^b Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families, Colchicum autumnale
^ "BSBI List 2007". Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland. Archived from the original (xls) on 2015-02-25. Retrieved 2014-10-17.
^ Gajic. 1977. Glasnik prirodnaučkog museja u Beogradu, Serija B, Bioloake nauke Nauke 32: 8. Colchicum autumnale
^ Clapham, A.R., Tutin, T.G. and Warburg, E.F. 1968. Excursion Flora of the British Isles. Cambridge. ISBN 0-521-04656-4
^ Parnell, J. and Curtis, T. 2012. Webb's An Irish Flora. Cork University Press. ISBN 978-185918-4783
^ Battison, Leila (2011-09-12). "BBC News - British flowers are the source of a new cancer drug". Bbc.co.uk. Retrieved 2011-11-30.
^ Atkinson, Jennifer M.; Falconer, Robert A.; Edwards, Dylan R.; Pennington, Caroline J.; Siller, Catherine S.; Shnyder, Steven D.; Bibby, Michael C.; Patterson, Laurence H.; et al. (2010). "Development of a Novel Tumor-Targeted Vascular Disrupting Agent Activated by Membrane-Type Matrix Metalloproteinases". Cancer Research. 70 (17): 6902–12. doi:10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-10-1440. PMC 2933508. PMID 20663911.

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English Journal

Exploration of the effect of the alkaloid colchicine on Ca handling and its related physiology in human oral cancer cells.

Sun GC, Chen HH, Liang WZ, Jan CR.
Archives of oral biology. 2019 Apr;102()179-185.
Colchicine, extracted from plants of the genus Colchicum, is a commonly prescribed drug for inflammatory diseases. It has been shown that colchicine affected various physiological responses in different models. However, the effect of colchicine on cytosolic free Ca levels ([Ca]) and its related phys
PMID 31059912

Rapid identification of Gloriosa superba and Colchicum autumnale by melting curve analysis: application to a suicide case involving massive ingestion of G. superba.

Sakurada M, Yoshioka N, Kuse A, Nakagawa K, Morichika M, Takahashi M, Kondo T, Asano M, Ueno Y.
International journal of legal medicine. 2019 Apr;().
The plant species Gloriosa superba and Colchicum autumnale produce extremely poisonous colchicine as a major toxic metabolite. Almost all previous studies on colchicine poisoning have focused on drug analysis and clinical and pathological aspects. In this study, we developed a rapid, highly sensitiv
PMID 31028469

Comparative light and scanning electron microscopy in authentication of adulterated traded medicinal plants.

Ahmed SN, Ahmad M, Zafar M, Rashid S, Yaseen G, Sultana S, Siddiq Z, Kilic O, Ozdemir FA, Kayani S.
Microscopy research and technique. 2019 Apr;().
The medicinal plants are utilized globally considering the cheap and chemical free source, but their correct identification and authentication is prerequisite for safety and efficacy of plant-based medicines. The present study encompassed traded medicinal plants (16) with high therapeutic value from
PMID 30994962

Japanese Journal

New colchicinoids from a native Jordanian meadow saffron, Colchicum brachyphyllum : isolation of the first naturally occurring dextrorotatory colchicinoid

J. Nat. Prod. 68, 173-178, 2005
NAID 80017228977

Meadow saffron (Colchicum Autumnale) intoxication in a nomadic Albanian sheep flock.

Vet. Hum. Toxicol. 38, 227-228, 1996
NAID 10005810429

On the Alkaloids of a Meadow Saffron

Proceedings of the Japan Academy 29(6), 266-270, 1953
NAID 130003551906

「イヌサフラン」

Colchicum autumnale
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
(unranked):	Angiosperms
(unranked):	Monocots
Order:	Liliales
Family:	Colchicaceae
Genus:	Colchicum
Species:	C. autumnale
Binomial name
	Colchicum autumnale; L.
Synonyms
	Colchicum commune Neck.; Bulbocodium antumnale (L.) Lapeyr.; Colchicum vernale Hoffm.; Colchicum vernum (Reichard) Georgi; Colchicum polyanthon Ker Gawl.; Colchicum praecox Spenn.; Colchicum crociflorum Sims; Colchicum orientale Friv. ex Kunth; Colchicum autumnale var. viridiflorum Opiz; Colchicum pannonicum Griseb. & Schenk; Colchicum transsilvanicum Schur; Colchicum turcicum subsp. pannonicum (Griseb. & Schenk) Nyman; Colchicum bulgaricum Velen.; Colchicum borisii Stef.; Colchicum vranjanum Adamovic ex Stef.; Colchicum doerfleri var. orientale Kitanov; Colchicum drenowskii Degen & Rech.f. ex Kitan.; Colchicum rhodopaeum Kov.;