WordNet

a field covered with grass or herbage and suitable for grazing by livestock (同)pastureland, grazing_land, lea, ley
a pasture for cows

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〈U〉『牧草』,牧草地 / 〈C〉(個々の)『牧場』 / 〈家畜〉‘を'放牧する;〈家畜が〉〈牧草〉‘を'食べる / 〈家畜が〉草を食べる
『牧草地』,草原

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/12/08 11:06:49」(JST)

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A pasture in the East Riding of Yorkshire in England

Pasture (from the Latin pastus, past participle of pascere ”to feed”) is land used for grazing.^[1] Pasture lands in the narrow sense are enclosed tracts of farmland, grazed by domesticated livestock, such as horses, cattle, sheep or swine. The vegetation of tended pasture, forage, consists mainly of grasses, with an interspersion of legumes and other forbs (non-grass herbaceous plants). Pasture is typically grazed throughout the summer, in contrast to meadow which is ungrazed or used for grazing only after being mown to make hay for animal fodder.^[2] Pasture in a wider sense additionally includes rangelands, other unenclosed pastoral systems, and land types used by wild animals for grazing or browsing.

Pasture lands in the narrow sense are distinguished from rangelands by being managed through more intensive agricultural practices of seeding, irrigation, and the use of fertilizers, while rangelands grow primarily native vegetation, managed with extensive practices like controlled burning and regulated intensity of grazing.

Soil type, minimum annual temperature, and rainfall are important factors in pasture management. Sheepwalk is an area of grassland where sheep can roam freely. The productivity of sheepwalk is measured by the number of sheep per area. This is dependent, among other things, on the underlying rock.^[3] Sheepwalk is also the name of townlands in County Roscommon, Ireland and County Fermanagh, Northern Ireland.

Unless factory farming, which entails in its most intensive form entirely trough-feeding, managed or unmanaged pasture is the main food source for ruminants. Pasture feeding dominates livestock farming where the land makes crop sowing and/or harvesting difficult, such as in arid or mountainous regions, where types of camel, goat, antelope, yak and other ruminants live which are well suited to the more hostile terrain and very rarely factory farmed. In more humid regions, pasture grazing is managed across a large global area for free range and organic farming. Certain types of pasture suit the diet, evolution and metabolism of particular animals, and their fertilising and tending of the land may over generations result in the pasture combined with the ruminants in question being integral to a particular ecosystem.^[4]

Examples of pasture habitats

Snowy pasture at Bosco Chiesanuova in Italy

Grassland
Heathland
Machair
Maquis
Moorland
Potrero (landform)
Prairie
Rangeland
Rough pasture
Savanna
Steppe
Wood pasture
Veld

Grazing cattle on a pasture near Hradec nad Moravicí in the Czech Republic

Notes

^ Merriam-Webster Dictionary pasture
^ "Pasture". New International Encyclopedia. 1905.
^ R. Elfyn Hughes, "Sheep Population and Environment in Snowdonia (North Wales)", Journal of Ecology Vol. 46, No. 1, Mar., 1958, 169-189
^ "Agricultural biodiversity’s contribution to ecosystem functions" Dr. Devra I. Jarvis, CGIAR. Retrieved 2014-12-01

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English Journal

Effect of supplemental sericea lespedeza leaf meal pellets on gastrointestinal nematode infection in grazing goats.

Gujja S, Terrill TH, Mosjidis JA, Miller JE, Mechineni A, Kommuru DS, Shaik SA, Lambert BD, Cherry NM, Burke JM.SourceFort Valley State University, Fort Valley, GA 31030, USA.
Veterinary parasitology.Vet Parasitol.2013 Jan 16;191(1-2):51-8. doi: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2012.08.013. Epub 2012 Aug 24.
Feeding sun-dried sericea lespedeza [SL; Lespedeza cuneata (Dum-Cours.) G. Don.] reduces gastrointestinal nematode (GIN) infection in goats fed in confinement, but effects of this forage when fed as a supplement to goats on pasture are unclear. A study was completed in which supplemental feeds (75 a
PMID 22985929

Daily grazing time as a risk factor for alterations at the hock joint integument in dairy cows.

Burow E, Thomsen PT, Rousing T, Sørensen JT.SourceDepartment of Animal Science, Aarhus University, Blichers Allé 20, PO Box 50, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark.
Animal : an international journal of animal bioscience.Animal.2013 Jan;7(1):160-6. doi: 10.1017/S1751731112001395. Epub 2012 Jul 6.
Structural changes lead to increasing sizes of dairy herds and a reduction in grazing use. Thus, cows spend more time in the barn and become more exposed to the barn environment. The cubicle surface can result in damages of the cows' hock joint integument. Pasture is generally seen as a beneficial e
PMID 23031448

Fungal contribution to nitrous oxide emissions from cattle impacted soils.

Jirout J, Simek M, Elhottová D.SourceBiology Centre AS CR, v.v.i., Institute of Soil Biology, Na Sádkách 7, CZ 37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic. Electronic address: jirout.jiri@email.cz.
Chemosphere.Chemosphere.2013 Jan;90(2):565-72. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2012.08.031. Epub 2012 Sep 13.
Microscopic soil fungi isolated from arable, grassland and forest soils have been suggested as producers of nitrous oxide (N(2)O). The aim of this work was to screen the capabilities for N(2)O production of microscopic fungi originating in the pasture soils of a cattle overwintering area with three
PMID 22981628