Crocus

クロッカス属、Crocus属

関

saffron

WordNet

1. Old World crocus having purple or white flowers with aromatic pungent orange stigmas used in flavoring food (同)saffron crocus, Crocus sativus
2. dried pungent stigmas of the Old World saffron crocus
3. a monocotyledonous genus of the family Iridaceae
4. any of numerous low-growing plants of the genus Crocus having slender grasslike leaves and white or yellow or purple flowers; native chiefly to the Mediterranean region but widely cultivated

PrepTutorEJDIC

1. 〈C〉サフラン(じょうご状の花の多年生植物) / 〈U〉サフラン色,鮮黄色 / サフラン自の
2. クロッカス(英国では早春に咲く;秋咲きのものをsaffronという)

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2017/01/08 05:31:13」(JST)

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This article is about the genus of flowers. For the myth of the youth Crocus who was turned into a crocus, see Crocus (mythology).

For other uses, see Crocus (disambiguation).

Crocus
Crocus longiflorus
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
(unranked):	Angiosperms
(unranked):	Monocots
Order:	Asparagales
Family:	Iridaceae
Subfamily:	Crocoideae
Genus:	Crocus L.
Type species
Crocus sativus L.
Synonyms
Safran Medik. Geanthus Raf. Crociris Schur

Crocus (English plural: crocuses or croci) is a genus of flowering plants in the iris family comprising 90 species of perennials growing from corms. Many are cultivated for their flowers appearing in autumn, winter, or spring. Crocuses are native to woodland, scrub, and meadows from sea level to alpine tundra in central and southern Europe, North Africa and the Middle East, on the islands of the Aegean, and across Central Asia to Xinjiang Province in western China.

Etymology

The name of the genus is derived from the Greek κρόκος (krokos). This, in turn, is probably a loan word from a Semitic language, related to Hebrew כרכום karkōm, Aramaic ܟܟܘܪܟܟܡܡܐ kurkama, and Arabic كركم kurkum, which mean "saffron" (Crocus sativus), "saffron yellow" or turmeric (see Curcuma). The word ultimately traces back to the Sanskrit kunkumam (कुङ्कुमं) for "saffron" unless it is itself descended from the Semitic one. The English name is a learned 16th-century adoption from the Latin, but Old English already had croh "saffron".

History

Cultivation and harvesting of Crocus sativus for saffron was first documented in the Mediterranean, notably on the island of Crete. Frescos showing them are found at the Knossos site on Crete, as well as from the comparably aged Akrotiri site on Santorini.

The first crocus seen in the Netherlands, where crocus species are not native, were from corms brought back in the 1560s from Constantinople by the Holy Roman Emperor's ambassador to the Sublime Porte, Ogier Ghiselin de Busbecq. A few corms were forwarded to Carolus Clusius at the botanical garden in Leiden. By 1620, the approximate date of Ambrosius Bosschaert's painting (illustration, below), new garden varieties had been developed, such as the cream-colored crocus feathered with bronze at the base of the bouquet, similar to varieties still on the market. Bosschaert, working from a preparatory drawing to paint his composed piece spanning the whole of spring, exaggerated the crocus so that it passes for a tulip, but its narrow, grass-like leaves give it away.

• Saffron gatherers appear in Minoan frescos on the island of Santorini in the Aegean Sea.

• Composed Bouquet of Spring Flowers, by Ambrosius Bosschaert, circa 1620 (Louvre Museum)

• Crocus angustifolius (Cloth of gold) from Curtis's Botanical Magazine, 1803

Description

The cup-shaped, solitary, salverform flower tapers off into a narrow tube. Their colors vary enormously, although lilac, mauve, yellow, and white are predominant. The grass-like, ensiform leaf shows generally a white central stripe along the leaf axis. The leaf margin is entire. Crocuses typically have three stamens. The spice saffron is obtained from the stigmas of Crocus sativus, an autumn-blooming species.

Autumn crocus

Some species, known as "autumn crocus", flower in late summer and autumn, often before their leaves appear. They should not be confused with a different genus of autumn-flowering plants, Colchicum. Autumn-flowering species of crocus include:

C. banaticus (syn. C. iridiflorus) C. cancellatus C. goulimyi C. hadriaticus C. kotschyanus (syn. C. zonatus)

C. laevigatus C. ligusticus (syn. C. medius ) C. niveus C. nudiflorus C. ochroleucus

C. pulchellus C. sativus (saffron crocus) C. serotinus C. speciosus C. tournefortii

C. laevigatus has a long flowering period which starts in late autumn or early winter and may continue into February.

Species

Crocus tommasinianus (Section Crocus, Series Verni)

Crocus vernus subsp. vernus (Section Crocus, Series Verni)

Crocus vernus subsp. albiflorus (Section Crocus, Series Verni)

Crocus ligusticus (Section Crocus, Series Longiflori)

Crocus ochroleucus (Section Crocus, Series Kotschyani)

Crocus sativus (Section Crocus, Series Crocus)

Crocus mathewii (Section Crocus, Series Crocus)

Crocus sieberi subsp. sublimis 'Tricolor' (Section Nudiscapus, Series Reticulati)

Crocus speciosus (Section Nudiscapus, Series Speciosi)

The taxonomic classification proposed by Brian Mathew in 1982 was based mainly on three character states:

• the presence or absence of a prophyll (a basal spathe);
• the aspect of the style;
• the corm tunic.

The seven species discovered since then have been integrated into this classification.

Molecular analysis carried out at the University of Copenhagen suggests this classification should be reviewed. In particular, the DNA data suggest there are no grounds for isolating C. banaticus in its own subgenus Crociris, though it is a unique species in the genus. Because it has a prophyll at the base of the pedicel, it therefore would fall within section Crocus, although its exact relationship to the rest of the subgenus remains unclear.

Another anomalous species, C. baytopiorum, should now be placed in a series of its own, series Baytopi. C. gargaricus subsp. herbertii has been raised to species status, as C. herbertii. Perhaps most surprisingly, autumn-flowering C. longiflorus, the type species of series Longiflori (long regarded by Mathew as "a disparate assemblage"), now seems to lie within series Verni. In addition, the position of C. malyi is currently unclear.

DNA analysis and morphological studies suggest further that series Reticulati, Biflori and Speciosi are "probably inseparable". C. adanensis and C. caspius should probably be removed from Biflori; C. adanensis falls in a clade with C. paschei as a sister group to the species of series Flavi; C. caspius appears to be sister to the species of series Orientales.

The study shows "no support for a system of sections as currently defined", although, despite the many inconsistencies between Mathew's 1982 classification and the current hypothesis, "the main assignment of species to the sections and series of that system is actually supported". The authors state, "further studies are required before any firm decisions about a hierarchical system of classification can be considered" and conclude "future re-classification is likely to involve all infrageneric levels, subgenera, sections and series".

Below is the classification proposed by Brian Mathew in 1982, adapted in accordance with the above findings:

A. Section Crocus : species with a basal prophyll

Series Verni: corms with reticulated fibers, spring-flowering (apart from Crocus longiflorus), flowers for the most part without conspicuous outer striping, bracts absent

• Crocus etruscus Parl.
• Crocus ilvensis Peruzzi & Carta
• Crocus kosaninii Pulevic
• Crocus longiflorus Raf. - Italian crocus (formerly in Series Longiflori)
• Crocus tommasinianus Herb. - Woodland crocus, Tommasini's crocus
• Crocus vernus (L.) Hill - Spring crocus, Dutch crocus
  • Crocus vernus subsp. albiflorus (Kit. ex Schult.) Asch. & Graebn.
  • Crocus vernus subsp. vernus

Series Baytopi (new Series): corms with strongly reticulated fibers; leaves numerous, narrowly linear; spring-flowering, bracts absent; anthers extrorsely dehiscent

• Crocus baytopiorum Mathew (formerly in Series Verni)

Series Scardici: spring-flowering, leaves have no pale stripe on the upper surface

• Crocus pelistericus Pulevic
• Crocus scardicus Kos.

Series Versicolores: spring-flowering, corms with tunics, which for the most part have parallel fibers, flowers with conspicuous exterior striping

• Crocus cambessedesii J. Gay
• Crocus versicolor Ker Gawl. - cloth-of-silver crocus
• Crocus corsicus Vanucchi ex Maw
• Crocus imperati Ten.
  • Crocus imperati subsp. imperati
  • Crocus imperati subsp. suaveolens (Bertol.) B.Mathew
• Crocus minimus DC.

Series Longiflori: autumn-flowering, yellow anthers, styles much divided

• Crocus goulimyi Turrill (see also Constantine Goulimis)
• Crocus ligusticus M.G. Mariotti (Syn. Crocus medius Balb.)
• Crocus niveus Bowles
• Crocus nudiflorus Smith.
• Crocus serotinus Salisb. - late crocus
  • Crocus serotinus subsp. clusii (J.Gay) B.Mathew
  • Crocus serotinus subsp. salzmannii (J.Gay) B.Mathew
  • Crocus serotinus subsp. serotinus

Series Kotschyani: autumn-flowering, anthers white, styles for the most part three-forked

• Crocus autranii Albov.
• Crocus gilanicus B. Matthew (discovered in 1973 and named after Gilan province in Iran where it was first found)
• Crocus karduchorum Kotschy ex Maw
• Crocus kotschyanus K. Koch - Kotschy's crocus (syn. C. zonatus)
  • Crocus kotschyanus subsp. cappadocicus B.Mathew
  • Crocus kotschyanus subsp. hakkariensis B.Mathew
  • Crocus kotschyanus subsp. kotschyanus
  • Crocus kotschyanus subsp. suworowianus (K.Koch) B.Mathew
• Crocus ochroleucus Boiss. & Gaill.
• Crocus scharojanii Ruprecht
  • Crocus scharojanii subsp. scharojanii
  • Crocus scharojanii subsp. lazicus (Boiss.) B.Mathew
• Crocus vallicola Herb.

Series Crocus: autumn-flowering, anthers yellow, style distinctly three-branched

• Crocus asumaniae B. Mathew & T. Baytop
• Crocus cartwrightianus Herb.
  • Crocus sativus L. - saffron crocus (a sterile triploid mutant or hybrid), presumably derived from Crocus cartwrightianus
• Crocus hadriaticus Herb.
  • Crocus hadriaticus subsp. hadriaticus
  • Crocus hadriaticus subsp. parnassicus (B.Mathew) B.Mathew
  • Crocus hadriaticus subsp. parnonicus B.Mathew
• Crocus moabiticus Bornm. & Dinsmore ex Bornm.
• Crocus mathewii H. Kemdorff & E. Pasche (1994)
• Crocus naqabensis Al-Eisawi (2001)
• Crocus oreocreticus B.L. Burtt
• Crocus pallasii Goldb.
  • Crocus pallasii subsp. dispathaceus (Bowles) B.Mathew
  • Crocus pallasii subsp. haussknechtii (Boiss. & Reut. ex Maw) B.Mathew
  • Crocus pallasii subsp. pallasii
  • Crocus pallasii subsp. turcicus B.Mathew
• Crocus thomasii Ten.

Position unclear

• Crocus malyi Vis. (formerly in Series Versicolores)
• Crocus banaticus Heuff. (formerly in obsolete Subgenus Crociris)

B. Section Nudiscapus: species without a basal prophyll

Series Reticulati: corm tunic for the most part decidedly covered with reticulated fibers, flower produced in winter or spring, style three-forked or much divided

• Crocus abantensis T.Baytop & B.Mathew
• Crocus ancyrensis (Herb.) Maw - Ankara crocus
• Crocus angustifolius Weston - cloth-of-gold crocus
• Crocus cancellatus Herb.
  • Crocus cancellatus subsp. cancellatus
  • Crocus cancellatus subsp. damascenus (Herb.) B.Mathew
  • Crocus cancellatus subsp. lycius B.Mathew
  • Crocus cancellatus subsp. mazziaricus (Herb.) B.Mathew
  • Crocus cancellatus subsp. pamphylicus B.Mathew
• Crocus cvijicii Kos.
• Crocus dalmaticus Vis.
• Crocus gargaricus Herb.
• Crocus herbertii B. Mathew (became a "true" species)
• Crocus hermoneus Kotschy ex Maw
• Crocus jablanicensis N. Randj. & V. Randj.
• Crocus reticulatus Steven ex Adams
  • Crocus reticulatus subsp. hittiticus (T.Baytop & B.Mathew) B.Mathew
  • Crocus reticulatus subsp. reticulatus
• Crocus robertianus C.D. Brickell
• Crocus rujanensis Randjel. & D.A. Hill (1990)
• Crocus sieberi J. Gay - Sieber's crocus, Cretan crocus
  • Crocus sieberi subsp. atticus (Boiss. & Orph.) B.Mathew
  • Crocus sieberi subsp. nivalis (Bory & Chaub.) B.Mathew
  • Crocus sieberi subsp. sieberi
  • Crocus sieberi subsp. sublimis (Herb.) B.Mathew
• Crocus sieheanus Barr ex B.L. Burtt
• Crocus veluchensis Herb.

Series Biflori: tunics of corms split into rings at the base, either entire or with toothlike projections, leathery in texture, spring- or late-winter flowering, style three-forked

• Crocus aerius Herb.
• Crocus almehensis C.D. Brickell & B. Mathew
• Crocus biflorus Mill. - silvery crocus, Scotch crocus
  • Crocus biflorus subsp. biflorus
  • Crocus biflorus subsp. adamii (J.Gay) K.Richt.
  • Crocus biflorus subsp. alexandri (Nicic ex Velen.) B. Mathew
  • Crocus biflorus subsp. artvinensis (J.Philippow) B. Mathew
  • Crocus biflorus subsp. atrospermus Kernd. & Pasche
  • Crocus biflorus subsp. caelestis Kernd. & Pasche
  • Crocus biflorus subsp. caricus Kernd. & Pasche
  • Crocus biflorus subsp. crewei (Hook.f.) B. Mathew
  • Crocus biflorus subsp. fibroannulatus Kernd. & Pasche
  • Crocus biflorus subsp. ionopharynx Kernd. & Pasche
  • Crocus biflorus subsp. isauricus (Siehe ex Bowles) B.Mathew
  • Crocus biflorus subsp. leucostylosus Kernd. & Pasche
  • Crocus biflorus subsp. melantherus B. Mathew
  • Crocus biflorus subsp. nubigena (Herb.) B. Mathew
  • Crocus biflorus subsp. pseudonubigena B. Mathew
  • Crocus biflorus subsp. pulchricolor (Herb.) B. Mathew
  • Crocus biflorus subsp. punctatus B.Mathew
  • Crocus biflorus subsp. stridii (Papan. & Zacharof) B.Mathew
  • Crocus biflorus subsp. tauri (Maw) B. Mathew
  • Crocus biflorus subsp. weldenii (Hoppe & Fuernr.) B. Mathew
  • Crocus biflorus subsp. yataganensis Kernd. & Pasche
• Crocus chrysanthus Herb. - Golden crocus, Snow crocus
  • Crocus chrysanthus subsp. chrysanthus
  • Crocus chrysanthus subsp. multifolius Papan. & Zacharof
• Crocus cyprius Boiss. & Kotschy
• Crocus danfordiae Maw
  • Crocus danfordiae subsp. danfordiae
  • Crocus danfordiae subsp. kurdistanicus Maroofi & Assadi
• Crocus hartmannianus Holmboe
• Crocus kerndorffiorum Pasche (1993)
• Crocus leichtlinii (Dewar) Bowles
• Crocus nerimaniae Yüzbasioglu & Varol (2004)
• Crocus pestalozzae Boiss.
• Crocus wattiorum (B. Mathew, 1995) B. Mathew (2000)
• Crocus demirizianus O.Erol & L.Can (2012)
• Crocus yakarianus Yıldırım & O.Erol (2013)

Series Speciosi: corm tunic splits into rings at the base, leathery or membranous, foliage after the flowers, autumn-flowering, style much divided

• Crocus pulchellus Herb. - hairy crocus
• Crocus speciosus M. Bieb. - Bieberstein's crocus, large purple crocus
  • Crocus speciosus subsp. ilgazensis B.Mathew
  • Crocus speciosus subsp. speciosus
  • Crocus speciosus subsp. xantholaimos B.Mathew

Series Orientales: corm with parallel fibers or lightly reticulated, numerous leaves, spring-flowering, style three-forked

• Crocus alatavicus Semenova & Reg.
• Crocus caspius Fischer & Meyer (formerly in Series Biflori)
• Crocus korolkowii Regel ex Maw - celandine crocus
• Crocus michelsonii B. Fedtsch.

Series Flavi: tunics of the corms membranous, split into parallel fibers, spring-flowering, styles much divided

• Crocus adanensis T. Baytop & B. Mathew (formerly in Series Biflori)
• Crocus antalyensis Mathew
  • Crocus antalyensis subsp. antalyensis
  • Crocus antalyensis subsp. striatus O.Erol & M.Koçyiğit (2010)
  • Crocus antalyensis subsp. gemicii L.Sik & O.Erol (2011)
• Crocus candidus E.D. Clarke
• Crocus flavus Weston - Yellow crocus
  • Crocus flavus subsp. flavus
  • Crocus flavus subsp. dissectus T.Baytop & B.Mathew
  • Crocus flavus subsp. sarichinarensis Rukšans
• Crocus graveolens Boiss. &Reut.
• Crocus hyemalis Boiss.
• Crocus olivieri Gray
  • Crocus olivieri subsp. olivieri - Balkan and Turkey
  • Crocus olivieri subsp. balansae (J.Gay ex Baker) B. Mathew - endemic round İzmir, West-Turkey
  • Crocus olivieri subsp. istanbulensis B. Mathew, Istanbul, Turkey.
• Crocus paschei H. Kerndorff
• Crocus vitellinus Wahl.

Series Aleppici: tunics of the corms membranous, with split, parallel fibers, foliage produced at the same time as the flowers, fall- or winter-flowering

• Crocus aleppicus Baker
• Crocus boulosii Greuter
• Crocus veneris Tappein ex Poech

Series Carpetani: undersurface of the leaves rounded with grooves, upper surface channeled, spring-flowering, style whitish, obscurely divided

• Crocus carpetanus Boiss. & Reut.
• Crocus nevadensis Amo & Campo

Series Intertexti: corm tunic fibrous with fibers interwoven, spring-flowering

• Crocus fleischeri J.Gay.

Series Laevigatae: corm tunic membranous or splitting into parallel fibers, sometimes leathery, foliage produced at the same time as flowers, autumn-flowering, anthers white, style much divided

• Crocus boryi J.Gay
• Crocus laevigatus Bory & Chaub.
• Crocus tournefortii J.Gay.

• Crocus alatavicus

• Crocus aleppicus

• Crocus ancyrensis

• Crocus banaticus

• Crocus biflorus

• Crocus cancellatus

• Crocus carpetanus

• Crocus cartwrightianus 'Albus'

• Crocus caspius

• Crocus chrysanthus
  'Zwanenburg Bronze'

• Crocus corsicus

• Crocus etruscus 'Zwanenburg'

• Crocus flavus

• Crocus goulimyi

• Crocus graveolens

• Crocus hyemalis

• Crocus imperati 'De Jager'

• Crocus kotschyanus

• Crocus laevigatus 'Fontenayi'

• Crocus malyi

• Crocus minimus

• Crocus nevadensis

• Crocus nudiflorus

• Crocus olivieri

• Crocus pallasii

• Crocus pulchellus

• Crocus serotinus subsp. clusii

• Crocus serotinus subsp. salzmannii

• Crocus scharojanii

• Crocus tournefortii

• Crocus versicolor

Cultivation

Croci appearing through the snow

About 30 of the species are cultivated, including Crocus sativus for saffron production. The varieties cultivated for decoration mainly represent five species: C. vernus, C. chrysanthus, C. flavus, C. sieberi, and C. tommasinianus. Among the first flowers to bloom in spring, crocuses are popular with gardeners. Their flowering time varies from the late winter C. tommasinianus to the later large hybridized and selected Giant "Dutch crocuses" (C. vernus). Crocus flowers and leaves are protected from frost by a waxy cuticle; in areas where snow and frost occasionally occur in the early spring, it is not uncommon to see early flowering crocuses blooming through a light late snowfall.

• field of flowering purple crocuses

• Crocus 'E.A. Bowles',
  a C. chrysanthus hybrid

• Crocus cultivars

• C. sieberi corms, showing the net-like papery outer covering

• Purple crocuses with closed flowers

Most crocus species and hybrids should be planted in a sunny position, in gritty (sandy), well-drained soil, although a few prefer shadier sites in moist soil. Some are suitable for naturalising in grass. The corms should be planted about 3 to 4 cm deep; in heavy soils, a quantity of sharp grit should be worked in to improve drainage.

Some crocuses, especially C. tommasinianus and its selected forms and hybrids (such as 'Whitewell Purple' and 'Ruby Giant'), seed prolifically and are ideal for naturalising. They can, however, become weeds in rock gardens, where they will often appear in the middle of choice, mat-forming alpine plants, and can be difficult to remove.

Similar species

Though some true crocuses bloom with the fall (autumnal) rains, after summer's heat and drought, the name autumn crocus is often used as a common name for Colchicum, which is in its own family (Colchicaceae) in the lily order Liliales, and which has six stamens; it is also known as meadow saffron, though unlike true saffron, the plant is toxic.

The prairie crocus or pasque flower (Pulsatilla patens) belongs to the buttercup family (Ranunculaceae).

Metaphorical use

The financial community sometimes refers to companies or economic sectors that rise early after an economic downturn as "crocuses" in reference to the flower's ability to thrive in the late winter or early spring.

Culture

Crocus or Krokus (Greek: Κρόκος) was a mortal youth who, because they were unhappy with his love affair with Smilax, was turned by the gods into a plant bearing his name, the crocus.

References

Bibliography

• E.A. Bowles, A Handbook of Crocus and Colchicum for Gardeners, Martin Hopkinson 1924
• Brian Mathew, Christopher Grey-Wilson, Bulbs, (ill. Marjorie Blamey), Collins, 1981
• Brian Mathew, Crocus: A Revision of the Genus Crocus, Timber Press, 1983. ISBN 0-917304-23-3
• Brian Mathew, Flowering Bulbs for the Garden, Collingridge/Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, 1987. ISBN 0-600-35175-0
• Novica Randjelovic, David A. Hill, Vladimir Randjelovic, 'The Genus Crocus L. in Serbia'. Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Belgrade, 1990 (in English)
• Maw, George. A Monograph of the Genus Crocus. London, Dulau and Co., 1886
• Rix, Alison. George Maw, Joseph Hooker and the genus Crocus, Curtis's Botanical Magazine, Volume 25 Issue 2, Pages 176 - 187, 2008
• The Pleasures of Crocus, Royal New Zealand Institute of Horticulture 1996

External links

Databses

• World Checklist - genus Crocus
• USDA
• NCBI Taxonomy Browser
• IPNI

Other

• Crocus photos of International Bulb Society
• Crocus photos of Pacific Bulb Society
• Sorting Crocus Names
• E A Bowles Society
• The Alpine House - Crocus Group
• Todd Boland. Crocus to Brighten the Spring Garden. Dave's Garden, September 28, 2013
• The Alpine Garden: Crocus

UpToDate Contents

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English Journal

• Protective effect of crocin on diazinon induced vascular toxicity in subchronic exposure in rat aorta ex-vivo.

• Razavi BM1, Hosseinzadeh H, Abnous K, Imenshahidi M.
• Drug and chemical toxicology.Drug Chem Toxicol.2014 Oct;37(4):378-83. doi: 10.3109/01480545.2013.866139. Epub 2014 Jan 7.
• Abstract Context: Diazinon (DZN) is a widely used organophosphate insecticide. Although mechanism of DZN cardiovascular toxicity is primarily mediated through inhibition of acetylcholinesterase, however, DZN causes remarkable atropine-insensitive hypotension in rats. It has been proved that oxidativ
• PMID 24392635

• Identification of bacteria associated with underground parts of Crocus sativus by 16S rRNA gene targeted metagenomic approach.

• Ambardar S1, Sangwan N, Manjula A, Rajendhran J, Gunasekaran P, Lal R, Vakhlu J.
• World journal of microbiology & biotechnology.World J Microbiol Biotechnol.2014 Oct;30(10):2701-9. doi: 10.1007/s11274-014-1694-0. Epub 2014 Jul 3.
• Saffron (Crocus sativus L), an autumn-flowering perennial sterile plant, reproduces vegetatively by underground corms. Saffron has biannual corm-root cycle that makes it an interesting candidate to study microbial dynamics in its rhizosphere and cormosphere (area under influence of corm). Culture in
• PMID 24989343

• Antilithiatic effects of crocin on ethylene glycol-induced lithiasis in rats.

• Ghaeni FA1, Amin B, Hariri AT, Meybodi NT, Hosseinzadeh H.
• Urolithiasis.Urolithiasis.2014 Aug 31. [Epub ahead of print]
• In this study, the antilithiatic potential of crocin, a pharmacologically active constituent of Crocus sativus L. (saffron), was evaluated against ethylene glycol (EG)-induced nephrolithiasis in rats. Negative control rats were provided with EG (1 %) in drinking water for 30 days. crocin (10, 20 a
• PMID 25173352

Japanese Journal

• 芽の数と気温がサフラン子球生産とクロシン総量に及ぼす影響

• 植物環境工学 27(4), 204-212, 2015
• NAID 130005113074

• New minor glycoside components from saffron

• Journal of natural medicines 67(3), 672-676, 2013
• NAID 40019665960

• 174 Comparative pollen morphology of some species of two Genus, Crocus and Colchicum at Western Iranian habitats

• 日本花粉学会会誌 58(特別), 80, 2012-08-23
• NAID 110009572337

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★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「クロッカス属」「saffron」
拡張検索	「Crocus属」

「クロッカス属」

　　[★]

ラ

Crocus

関

サフラン、Crocus属

「saffron」

　　[★] サフラン

関

Crocus

　 　 　

「Crocus属」

　　[★]

ラ

Crocus

関

クロッカス属