WordNet

of or characteristic of or occurring in autumn; "the autumnal equinox"; "autumnal fruits"
characteristic of late maturity verging on decline; "a serene autumnal mood"
chiefly fall-blooming perennial cormous herbs; sometimes placed in family Colchicaceae (同)genus Colchicum

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秋の;秋に実る(咲く)

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/06/13 11:17:16」(JST)

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Colchicum autumnale, commonly known as autumn crocus, meadow saffron^[3] or naked lady, is a flower that resembles the true crocuses, but blooms in autumn. (This is not a reliable distinction, however, since many true crocuses flower in autumn.) The name "naked lady" comes from the fact that the flowers emerge from the ground long after the leaves have died back.^[4]

The species is commonly cultivated as an ornamental in temperate areas, in spite of its toxicity.

Colchicum autumnale is the only species of its genus native to the United Kingdom, with notable populations under the stewardship of the County Wildlife Trusts. It also occurs across mainland Europe from Portugal to Ukraine, and is reportedly naturalized in Denmark, Sweden, European Russia, the Baltic States and New Zealand.^[2]

Pharmaceutical uses

The bulb-like corms of Colchicum autumnale contain colchicine, a useful drug with a narrow therapeutic index. Colchicine is approved by the US FDA for the treatment of gout and familial Mediterranean fever. Colchicine is also used in plant breeding to produce polyploid strains. A synthetic chemical compound, called ICT2588, which is similar to one from the autumn crocus, is in the early stages of drug development for the treatment of some types of cancer. In experimental testing it was successfully used to treat breast, bowel, lung and prostate cancers in mice when used in combination with the drug doxorubicin.^[5]^[6]

Toxicity

Colchicum plants have been mistaken by foragers for ramsons, which they vaguely resemble, but are deadly poisonous due to their colchicine content. The symptoms of colchicine poisoning resemble those of arsenic, and no antidote is known.

Gallery

Flowers surrounded by other plants
Two flowers
Seed capsules
Seeds
Colchicum autumnale by Auguste Faguet
After the rain
Detail of flower at the United States Botanic Gardens
Colchicum autumnale Limana, (Valmorel), Italy

References

^ Linnaeus, Carl von. 1753. Species Plantarum 1: 341, Colchicum autumnale
^ ^a ^b Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families, Colchicum autumnale
^ "BSBI List 2007". Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland. Archived from the original (XLS) on 2015-02-25. Retrieved 2014-10-17.
^ Gajic. 1977. Glasnik prirodnaučkog museja u Beogradu, Serija B, Bioloake nauke Nauke 32: 8. Colchicum autumnale
^ Battison, Leila (2011-09-12). "BBC News - British flowers are the source of a new cancer drug". Bbc.co.uk. Retrieved 2011-11-30.
^ Atkinson, Jennifer M.; Falconer, Robert A.; Edwards, Dylan R.; Pennington, Caroline J.; Siller, Catherine S.; Shnyder, Steven D.; Bibby, Michael C.; Patterson, Laurence H. et al. (2010). "Development of a Novel Tumor-Targeted Vascular Disrupting Agent Activated by Membrane-Type Matrix Metalloproteinases". Cancer Research 70 (17): 6902–12. doi:10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-10-1440. PMC 2933508. PMID 20663911.

UpToDate Contents

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1. 小児での潜在的に毒性を持つ植物の摂取による臨床症状および評価 clinical manifestations and evaluation of potentially toxic plant ingestions in children
2. 小児における毒性植物摂取のマネージメント management of toxic plant ingestions in children

English Journal

A review of phytotherapy of gout: perspective of new pharmacological treatments.

Ling X, Bochu W.
Die Pharmazie.Pharmazie.2014 Apr;69(4):243-56.
The purpose of this review article is to outline plants currently used and those with high promise for the development of anti-gout products. All relevant literature databases were searched up to 25 March 2013. The search terms were 'gout', 'gouty arthritis', 'hyperuricemia', 'uric acid', 'xanthine
PMID 24791587

Use of fluorescent-based amplified fragment length polymorphism to resolve phylogenetic relationships of Colchicum species from Turkey.

Karakaş Metin O1, Türktaş M2, Ertuğrul F3, Kaya E4.
Genetics and molecular research : GMR.Genet Mol Res.2014 Mar 6;13(1):1480-90. doi: 10.4238/2014.March.6.6.
The study of phylogenetic relationships between 14 Colchicum taxa spread throughout Turkey was performed using a fluorescent-based amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) technique. Five primer pair combinations were used in AFLP reactions. The data set was analyzed statistically using the NTS
PMID 24634246

[Colchicum autumnale].

Miyazaki S.
Chūdoku kenkyū : Chūdoku Kenkyūkai jun kikanshi = The Japanese journal of toxicology.Chudoku Kenkyu.2014 Mar;27(1):14-6.
PMID 24724352

Japanese Journal

モルモットとマウスにおけるイヌサフラン及びコルヒチンの消化管毒性の比較 : モルモットとマウスにおける毒性の相違

山田学,古林与志安,古岡秀文 [他],松井高峯
The journal of veterinary medical science 62(8), 809-813, S・Vi, 2000-08-25
ユリ科植物のイヌサフランは牛、羊, 馬に激しい致死性下痢を主微とした中毒を引き起こし, その原因毒物としてコルヒチンが疑われている.我々は以前牛のイヌサフラン中毒を病理組織学的に検索し, その消化管毒性にアポトーシスが関与していることを報告した.今回イヌサフランによる消化管毒性を詳細に検索するため, モルモットおよびマウスを用いたイヌサフランとコルヒチンの投与試験を行い, 病理組織学的に比較した. …
NAID 110003920440

牛の実験的イヌサフラン中毒の補遺的研究 : アポトーシスの形態学的特徴

山田学,松井高峯,古林与志安 [他],古岡秀文,播谷亮,小林勝,中川辿夫
The journal of veterinary medical science 61(7), 823-825, 1999-07-25
我々は牛の実験的イヌサフラン中毒において, 消化管粘膜及びリンパ造血系組織にアポトーシスで特徴的な組織像である核濃縮, 核崩壊像が出現することを報告した. 今回, イヌサフランによる細胞障害機構へのアポトーシスの関与を検討するため, 特徴的所見の得られた消化管上皮及び脾臓について断片化DNAの有無及び超微形態像を検索したところ, イヌサフランによる細胞障害機構へのアポトーシスの関与が示唆された.
NAID 110003920181

牛の実験的急性イヌサフラン中毒の病理学的研究

山田学,中川迪夫,幡谷亮 [他],小林勝,古岡秀文,松井高峯
The journal of veterinary medical science 60(8), 949-952, 1998-08-25
牛のイヌサフラン中毒についての報告は世界でも少なく, その病理学的知見を補遺し, 下痢発症の機序を明らかにするため, 牛のイヌサフラン中毒の実験的研究を意図した.実験には11頭のホルスタイン種子牛を用い, イヌサフラン球根の乾燥粉末4g/kg又は生球根12g/kgを飼料に混ぜて経口的に投与した.牛は全例, イヌサフラン採食後, 潜血反応陽性を示す水様下痢便を反復し横臥した.病理解剖学的所見において …
NAID 110003918527

「イヌサフラン」

Colchicum autumnale
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
(unranked):	Angiosperms
(unranked):	Monocots
Order:	Liliales
Family:	Colchicaceae
Genus:	Colchicum
Species:	C. autumnale
Binomial name
	Colchicum autumnale; L.
Synonyms
	Colchicum commune Neck.; Bulbocodium antumnale (L.) Lapeyr.; Colchicum vernale Hoffm.; Colchicum vernum (Reichard) Georgi; Colchicum polyanthon Ker Gawl.; Colchicum praecox Spenn.; Colchicum crociflorum Sims; Colchicum orientale Friv. ex Kunth; Colchicum autumnale var. viridiflorum Opiz; Colchicum pannonicum Griseb. & Schenk; Colchicum transsilvanicum Schur; Colchicum turcicum subsp. pannonicum (Griseb. & Schenk) Nyman; Colchicum bulgaricum Velen.; Colchicum borisii Stef.; Colchicum vranjanum Adamovic ex Stef.; Colchicum doerfleri var. orientale Kitanov; Colchicum drenowskii Degen & Rech.f. ex Kitan.; Colchicum rhodopaeum Kov.;

　　[★]

英: meadow saffron、autumnal meadow saffron、Autumn crocus、autumn crocus
ラ: Colchicum autumnale

[1] Linnaeus, Carl von. 1753. Species Plantarum 1: 341, Colchicum autumnale

[susisusiarti-2] Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families, Colchicum autumnale

[BSBI07-3] "BSBI List 2007". Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland. Archived from the original (XLS) on 2015-02-25. Retrieved 2014-10-17.

[4] Gajic. 1977. Glasnik prirodnaučkog museja u Beogradu, Serija B, Bioloake nauke Nauke 32: 8. Colchicum autumnale

[5] Battison, Leila (2011-09-12). "BBC News - British flowers are the source of a new cancer drug". Bbc.co.uk. Retrieved 2011-11-30.

[6] Atkinson, Jennifer M.; Falconer, Robert A.; Edwards, Dylan R.; Pennington, Caroline J.; Siller, Catherine S.; Shnyder, Steven D.; Bibby, Michael C.; Patterson, Laurence H. et al. (2010). "Development of a Novel Tumor-Targeted Vascular Disrupting Agent Activated by Membrane-Type Matrix Metalloproteinases". Cancer Research 70 (17): 6902–12. doi:10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-10-1440. PMC 2933508. PMID 20663911.

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Colchicum autumnale