lymphatic vessels

リンパ管

WordNet

1. a craft designed for water transportation (同)watercraft
2. an object used as a container (especially for liquids)
3. a tube in which a body fluid circulates (同)vas
4. of or relating to or produced by lymph

PrepTutorEJDIC

1. (比較的大型の)『船』 / (特に液体を入れる)容器,器 / (動植物の)『管』,導管,脈管
2. リンパ[液]の / (人が)不活発な,鈍重な

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2018/07/10 20:01:36」(JST)

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Lymphatic vessel
Lymph capillaries in the tissue spaces.
The thoracic duct and right lymphatic duct.
Details
System	Lymphatic system
Identifiers
Latin	vas lymphaticum
TA	A12.0.00.038
TH	H3.09.02.0.05001
FMA	30315
Anatomical terminology

The lymphatic vessels (or lymph vessels or lymphatics) are thin-walled vessels structured like blood vessels, that carry lymph. As part of the lymphatic system, lymph vessels are complementary to the cardiovascular system. Lymph vessels are lined by endothelial cells, and have a thin layer of smooth muscle, and adventitia that bind the lymph vessels to the surrounding tissue. Lymph vessels are devoted to the propulsion of the lymph from the lymph capillaries, which are mainly concerned with absorption of interstitial fluid from the tissues. Lymph capillaries are slightly larger than their counterpart capillaries of the vascular system. Lymph vessels that carry lymph to a lymph node are called afferent lymph vessels, and those that carry it from a lymph node are called efferent lymph vessels, from where the lymph may travel to another lymph node, may be returned to a vein, or may travel to a larger lymph duct. Lymph ducts drain the lymph into one of the subclavian veins and thus return it to general circulation.

Generally, lymph flows away from the tissues to lymph nodes and eventually to either the right lymphatic duct or the largest lymph vessel in the body, the thoracic duct. These vessels drain into the right and left subclavian veins respectively.

Structure

The general structure of lymphatics is based on that of blood vessels. There is an inner lining of single flattened epithelial cells (simple squamous epithelium) composed of a type of epithelium that is called endothelium, and the cells are called endothelial cells. This layer functions to mechanically transport fluid and since the basement membrane on which it rests is discontinuous; it leaks easily. The next layer is that of smooth muscles that are arranged in a circular fashion around the endothelium, which by shortening (contracting) or relaxing alter the diameter (caliber) of the lumen. The outermost layer is the adventitia that consists of fibrous tissue. The general structure described here is seen only in larger lymphatics; smaller lymphatics have fewer layers. The smallest vessels (lymphatic or lymph capillaries) lack both the muscular layer and the outer adventitia. As they proceed forward and in their course are joined by other capillaries, they grow larger and first take on an adventitia, and then smooth muscles.

The lymphatic conducting system broadly consists of two types of channels—the initial lymphatics, the prelymphatics or lymph capillaries that specialize in collection of the lymph from the ISF, and the larger lymph vessels that propel the lymph forward.

Unlike the cardiovascular system, the lymphatic system is not closed and has no central pump. Lymph movement occurs despite low pressure due to peristalsis (propulsion of the lymph due to alternate contraction and relaxation of smooth muscle), valves, and compression during contraction of adjacent skeletal muscle and arterial pulsation.

Propulsion of lymph through lymph vessel

Lymph capillaries

The lymphatic circulation begins with blind ending (closed at one end) highly permeable superficial lymph capillaries, formed by endothelial cells with button-like junctions between them that allow fluid to pass through them when the interstitial pressure is sufficiently high. These button-like junctions consist of protein filaments like platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1, or PECAM-1. A valve system in place here prevents the absorbed lymph from leaking back into the ISF. There is another system of semilunar (semi=half; lunar=related to the Moon) valves that prevents back-flow of lymph along the lumen of the vessel. Lymph capillaries have many interconnections (anastomoses) between them and form a very fine network.

Rhythmic contraction of the vessel walls through movements may also help draw fluid into the smallest lymphatic vessels, capillaries. If tissue fluid builds up the tissue will swell; this is called edema. As the circular path through the body's system continues, the fluid is then transported to progressively larger lymphatic vessels culminating in the right lymphatic duct (for lymph from the right upper body) and the thoracic duct (for the rest of the body); both ducts drain into the circulatory system at the right and left subclavian veins. The system collaborates with white blood cells in lymph nodes to protect the body from being infected by cancer cells, fungi, viruses or bacteria. This is known as a secondary circulatory system.

Lymph vessels

The lymph capillaries drain the lymph to larger contractile lymphatics, which have valves as well as smooth muscle walls. These are called the collecting lymphatics. As the collecting lymph vessel accumulates lymph from more and more lymph capillaries in its course, it becomes larger and is called the afferent lymph vessel as it enters a lymph node. Here the lymph percolates through the lymph node tissue and is removed by the efferent lymph vessel. An efferent lymph vessel may directly drain into one of the (right or thoracic) lymph ducts, or may empty into another lymph node as its afferent lymph vessel. Both the lymph ducts return the lymph to the blood stream by emptying into the subclavian veins

The functional unit of a lymph vessel is known as a lymphangion, which is the segment between two valves. Since it is contractile, depending upon the ratio of its length to its radius, it can act either like a contractile chamber propelling the fluid ahead, or as a resistance vessel tending to stop the lymph in its place.

Function

See also: Lymphatic system

Lymph vessels act as reservoirs for plasma and other substances including cells that have leaked from the vascular system and transport lymph fluid back from the tissues to the circulatory system. Without functioning lymph vessels, lymph cannot be effectively drained and edema typically results.

Afferent vessels

The afferent lymph vessels enter at all parts of the periphery of the lymph node, and after branching and forming a dense plexus in the substance of the capsule, open into the lymph sinuses of the cortical part. It carries unfiltered lymph into the node. In doing this they lose all their coats except their endothelial lining, which is continuous with a layer of similar cells lining the lymph paths.

Afferent lymphatic vessels are only found in lymph nodes. This is in contrast to efferent lymphatic vessel which are also found in the thymus and spleen.

Efferent vessels

The efferent lymphatic vessel commences from the lymph sinuses of the medullary portion of the lymph nodes and leave the lymph nodes at the hilum, either to veins or greater nodes. It carries filtered lymph out of the node.

Efferent lymphatic vessels are also found in the thymus and spleen. This is in contrast to afferent lymphatic vessels, which are found only in lymph nodes.

Clinical significance

Lymphangiomatosis is a disease involving multiple cysts or lesions formed from lymphatic vessels.

See also

• Meningeal lymphatic vessels

Additional images

• Lymphatic system

• Section across portal canal of pig. X 250.

External links

• Lymphatic Vessels at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
• Efferent lymph vessel - BioWeb at University of Wisconsin System
• Physiology: 3/3ch9/s3ch9_5 - Essentials of Human Physiology

UpToDate Contents

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  …visualize lymphatic vessels. However, this procedure can damage vessels, so it has largely been replaced by lymphoscintigraphy. Lymphoscintigraphy is a useful tool for assessing the extent of lymphatic damage …
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  …Lymphangioleiomyomas are benign neoplasms of lymphatic vessels that are found in up to 20 percent of patients with LAM . Proliferation of smooth muscle cells in the lymph vessels results in mural thickening, obstruction …
• 4. 女性骨盤の外科解剖学surgical female pelvic anatomy [show details]
  … ovarian vessels travel through the infundibulopelvic ligaments in close proximity to the ureter, along the medial aspect of the psoas muscle . The lymphatic drainage follows the pelvic vessels, with …
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English Journal

• The involvement of perivascular spaces or tissues in the facial intradermal brain-targeted delivery.

• Yang W, Jin BH, Chen YJ, Cao C, Zhu JZ, Zhao YZ, Yu XC, Li FZ.
• Drug delivery. 2019 Dec;26(1)393-403.
• Our previous work indicates the lymphatic network and perivascular spaces or tissues might be involved in the facial intradermal brain-targeted delivery of Evans blue (EB). In this article, we presented the detailed involvement of both, and the linkage between lymphatic network and perivascular spac
• PMID 30929532

• Changes in high endothelial venules in lymph nodes after vascularized and nonvascularized lymph node transfer in a murine autograft model.

• Ishikawa K, Funayama E, Maeda T, Hayashi T, Murao N, Osawa M, Ito R, Furukawa H, Oyama A, Yamamoto Y.
• Journal of surgical oncology. 2019 May;119(6)700-707.
• Vascularized lymph node transfer (LNT) is gaining popularity in the treatment of lymphedema. However, it is unclear whether the vascularization of transferred lymph nodes (LNs) contributes to functional improvement. High endothelial venules (HEVs) are specialized vessels that allow lymphocytes to en
• PMID 30636050

• MR Imaging Evaluation of Pediatric Lymphatics:: Overview of Techniques and Imaging Findings.

• Shaikh R, Biko DM, Lee EY.
• Magnetic resonance imaging clinics of North America. 2019 May;27(2)373-385.
• Recent advances in understanding lymphatic disorders have significantly improved noninvasive imaging of the lymphatic circulation, especially in pediatric patients. The ability to obtain high-quality MR imaging using 3-dimensional reconstruction has transformed the display of the lymph vessels and s
• PMID 30910103

Japanese Journal

• Establishment and Characterization of a Human Lymphatic Endothelial Cell Line

• Nakamura Ryosuke,Sugano Maya,Sone Yuka,Sakabe Kou,Itoh Tomoo,Kiyono Masako
• Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin 37(4), 683-687, 2014
• … Lymphatic endothelial cell (LEC) culture is associated with several problems. … These problems may hinder the analysis of LEC properties and functions, and obstruct elucidation of mechanisms underlying lymphatic system-mediated cancer metastasis. … This LEC-SV line should be a valuable tool for analyzing the properties and functions of lymphatic vessels and endothelial cells. …
• NAID 130003390958

• Retroperitoneoscopic renal pedicle lymphatic disconnection for chyluria following abdominal surgery

• Yamashita Kaori,Ito Fumio,Ito Kazuyo [他]
• Japanese journal of endourology 26(1), 142-144, 2013-04
• NAID 40019730637

• Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor C in human pterygium

• Fukuhara Junichi,Kase Satoru,Ohashi Tsutomu,Ando Ryo,Dong Zhenyu,Noda Kousuke,Ohguchi Takeshi,Kanda Atsuhiro,Ishida Susumu
• Histochemistry and Cell Biology 139(2), 381-389, 2013-02
• … In this study, we analyzed the expression of VEGF-C and VEGFR-3 as well as lymphatic vessels in the pterygium and normal conjunctiva of humans. … The lymphatic vessel density (LVD) and blood vessel density (BVD) were determined by the immunolabeling of D2-40 and CD31, markers for lymphatic and blood vessels, respectively. … VEGFR-3 immunoreactivity was localized in the D2-40-positive lymphatic endothelial cells. …
• NAID 120005228265

Related Links

• Lymphatic Vessels and Normal Blood Volume

Lymphatic vessels from various regions of the body merge to form larger vessels called lymphatic trunks. The major lymphatic trunks are the jugular, subclavian, bronchomediastinal, lumbar, and intestinal trunks. Each trunk is named ...

• Lymphatic Vessels: Definition & Function - Video & Lesson ...

Companions to Your Blood Vessels Lymphatic vessels are among several structures belonging to your lymphatic system. In order to understand how lymphatic vessels work, you'll first need a rudimentary knowledge of how your circulatory system ...

• Lymphatic Vessels | Boundless Anatomy and Physiology

The general structure of lymphatic vessels is similar to that of blood vessels since these are the only two types of vessels in the body. While blood and lymph fluid are two separate substances, both are composed of the same water ...

Related Pictures

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★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「リンパ管」
関連記事	「vessel」「lymphatic」

「リンパ管」

　　[★]

英

lymphatic vessel(Z), lymphatic ducts, lymphatic vessels

ラ

vasa lymphatica

関

リンパ

「vessel」

　　[★]

• n.

• 血管、(植物)導管、道管、(一般)容器

関

angio、blood vessel、canal、chamber、conduit、container、duct、sulodexide、vas、vascular、vein

　 　 　 　

「lymphatic」

　　[★]

• adj.

• リンパ性の、リンパの、リンパ液の

• n.

• リンパ管

関

lymph、lymph duct、lymphatic vessel、lymphocytic