lung sounds

WordNet

1. thorough; "a sound thrashing"
2. mechanical vibrations transmitted by an elastic medium; "falling trees make a sound in the forest even when no one is there to hear them"
3. the particular auditory effect produced by a given cause; "the sound of rain on the roof"; "the beautiful sound of music"
4. the subjective sensation of hearing something; "he strained to hear the faint sounds" (同)auditory sensation
5. a large ocean inlet or deep bay; "the main body of the sound ran parallel to the coast"
6. the sudden occurrence of an audible event; "the sound awakened them"
7. make a certain noise or sound; "She went `Mmmmm"; "The gun went `bang" (同)go
8. announce by means of a sound; "sound the alarm"
9. appear in a certain way; "This sounds interesting"
10. cause to sound; "sound the bell"; "sound a certain note"
11. financially secure and safe; "sound investments"; "a sound economy"
12. free from moral defect; "a man of sound character"
13. give off a certain sound or sounds; "This record sounds scratchy"
14. in good condition; free from defect or damage or decay; "a sound timber"; "the wall is sound"; "a sound foundation"
15. making or having a sound as specified; used as a combining form; "harsh-sounding"
16. a measure of the depth of water taken with a sounding line
17. the act of measuring depth of water (usually with a sounding line)
18. having volume or deepness; "sounding brass and a tinkling cymbal"; "the sounding cataract haunted me like a passion"- Wordsworth
19. either of two saclike respiratory organs in the chest of vertebrates; serves to remove carbon dioxide and provide oxygen to the blood

PrepTutorEJDIC

1. 〈C〉〈U〉『音』,『音響』,響き・〈U〉音の聞こえる範囲・〈C〉(音声としての)音 / 《単数形で》(聞いたり,読んだりしたときに受ける)感じ,響き,調子・〈U〉(無意味な)音(声);騒音,ざわめき・『音を出す』,鳴る,響く・『聞こえる,思える』(進行形にできない) ・〈楽器・ベルなど〉‘を'鳴らす・(音で)…‘を'知らせる・…‘を'発音する・〈考えなど〉‘を'打診する
2. (物が)『傷んでいない』,腐っていない,完全な / (心身が)『健全な』,健康な / (財政的に)『安定した』,堅実な / (論理・判断などが)『的確な』,もっともな,分別ある / 合法的な / (道徳的に)高潔な,誠実な / (睡眠が)深い / 徹底した,思う存分の / ぐっすりと
3. (重りのついた糸で)〈海・川など〉‘の'水深を測る / (…について)〈意見・態度など〉‘を'さぐる,調べる《+『名』+『out』(+『out』+『名』)+『about』+『名』》 / 水深を測る / 〈鯨・魚などが〉深く潜る
4. 海峡,瀬戸(strait) / 入り江
5. 音を出す,鳴り響く
6. 〈U〉水深測量 / 《複数形で》(測量した)水深 / 《複数形で》水深測量できる水域
7. 《しばしば複数形で》『肺』,肺臓

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/11/13 20:17:15」(JST)

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Respiratory sounds
Classification and external resources
ICD-10	R06
ICD-9-CM	786.7
MedlinePlus	007535
MeSH	D012135

Respiratory sounds, breath sounds, or lung sounds refer to the specific sounds generated by the movement of air through the respiratory system. These may be easily audible or identified through auscultation of the respiratory system through the lung fields with a stethoscope. These include normal breath sounds and adventitious or "added" sounds such as rales, wheezes, pleural friction rubs, stertor and stridor.

Description and classification of the sounds usually involves auscultation of the inspiratory and expiratory phases of the breath cycle, noting both the pitch (typically described as low, medium or high) and intensity (soft, medium, loud or very loud) of the sounds heard.

Abnormal breath sounds

Common types of abnormal breath sounds include the following:

Name	Continuous/discontinuous	Frequency/Pitch	Inspiratory/expiratory	Quality	Associated conditions	Example
Wheeze or rhonchi	continuous	high (wheeze) or lower (rhonchi)	expiratory or inspiratory	whistling/sibilant, musical	Caused by narrowing of airways, such as in asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, foreign body.
Stridor	continuous	high	either, mostly inspiratory	whistling/sibilant, musical	epiglottitis, foreign body, laryngeal oedema, croup
Inspiratory gasp	continuous	high	inspiratory	whoop	pertussis (whooping cough)	not available
Crackles (aka crepitations or rales)	discontinuous	high (fine) or low (coarse), nonmusical	inspiratory	cracking/clicking/rattling	pneumonia, congestive heart failure
Pleural friction rub	continuous	low	inspiratory and expiratory	nonmusical, many repeated rhythmic sounds	inflammation of lung linings, lung tumors	not available
Hamman's sign (or Mediastinal crunch)	discontinuous		neither (heartbeat)	crunching, rasping	pneumomediastinum, pneumopericardium	not available

Continued

• Rales: Small clicking, bubbling, or rattling sounds in the lungs. They are heard when a person breathes in (inhales). They are believed to occur when air opens closed air spaces. Rales can be further described as moist, dry, fine, and coarse.

• Rhonchi: Sounds that resemble snoring. They occur when air is blocked or air flow becomes rough through the large airways.

• Stridor: Wheeze-like sound heard when a person breathes. Usually it is due to a blockage of airflow in the windpipe (trachea) or in the back of the throat.

• Wheezing: High-pitched sounds produced by narrowed airways. They are most often heard when a person breathes out (exhales). Wheezing and other abnormal sounds can sometimes be heard without a stethoscope.

Other tests of auscultation

Pectoriloquy, egophony and bronchophony are tests of auscultation. For example, in whispered pectoriloquy the person being examined whispers - typically a two syllable number as the clinician listens over the lung fields. The whisper is not normally heard over the lungs, but if heard may be indicative of pulmonary consolidation in that area. This is because sound travels differently through denser (fluid or solid) media than the air that should normally be predominant in lung tissue. In egophony, the person being examined continually speaks the English long-sound "E". The lungs are usually air filled, but if there is an abnormal solid component due to infection, fluid, or tumor, the higher frequencies of the "E" sound will be diminished. This changes the sound produced, from a long "E" sound to a long "A" sound.

References

External links

• Audio Breath Sounds - Multiple case studies with audio files of lung sounds.
• R.A.L.E. Repository - sound files of breath sounds
• MEDiscuss - Respiratory auscultation with audio examples
• Wilkins R, Dexter J, Smith J (1984). "Survey of adventitious lung sound terminology in case reports". Chest 85 (4): 523–5. doi:10.1378/chest.85.4.523. PMID 6705583. 
• Lehrer, Steven. Understanding Lung Sounds. Elsevier 2002.
• Lung Sounds - 20 recordings and waveforms

UpToDate Contents

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English Journal

• Tool-use-associated sound in the evolution of language.

• Larsson M1.
• Animal cognition.Anim Cogn.2015 Sep;18(5):993-1005. doi: 10.1007/s10071-015-0885-x. Epub 2015 Jun 29.
• Proponents of the motor theory of language evolution have primarily focused on the visual domain and communication through observation of movements. In the present paper, it is hypothesized that the production and perception of sound, particularly of incidental sound of locomotion (ISOL) and tool-us
• PMID 26118672

• Adaptive Noise Suppression of Pediatric Lung Auscultations With Real Applications to Noisy Clinical Settings in Developing Countries.

• Emmanouilidou D, McCollum ED, Park DE, Elhilali M.
• IEEE transactions on bio-medical engineering.IEEE Trans Biomed Eng.2015 Sep;62(9):2279-88. doi: 10.1109/TBME.2015.2422698. Epub 2015 Apr 13.
• GOAL: Chest auscultation constitutes a portable low-cost tool widely used for respiratory disease detection. Though it offers a powerful means of pulmonary examination, it remains riddled with a number of issues that limit its diagnostic capability. Particularly, patient agitation (especially in chi
• PMID 25879837

Japanese Journal

• 独自に進化発達した国民皆保険制度に囚われた我が国特有の医療文化に関する考察

• 南淵 明宏,Akihiro Nabuchi
• 比較文明研究 = Journal for the Comparative Study of Civilizations 18, 131-145, 2013-06-25
• … For example,to perform heart valve surgery,it will cost more than 30 thousands USD per each patient, to buy an artificial heart valve and disposable unit parts for heart-lung machine. … All medicine is provided by something governmental,means formal,sometimes sounds "noble". …
• NAID 120005305822

• 縦隔奇形種を合併した福山型先天性筋ジストロフィーの1例

• 梶野 幸子/石垣 景子/島田 姿野/西川 愛子/伊藤 進/唐木 克二/川島 章子/土屋 晶義/村上 てるみ/佐藤 孝俊/齊藤 崇/西川 俊郎/世川 修/大澤 真木子
• 東京女子医科大学雑誌 83(E1), E358-E361, 2013-01-31
• 福山型先天性筋ジストロフィー(Fukuyama congenital muscular dystrophy: FCMD)は,fukutin(FKTN)遺伝子変異により,重度の筋ジストロフィー病変に眼病変,中枢神経系の形成障害を伴う全身性疾患である.本邦の小児型筋ジストロフィーではDuchenne型に次いで多い.経過中,縦隔奇形腫を合併した軽症FCMDの一女児例を経験したので報告する.症例は3歳2か …
• NAID 110009559398

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★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「肺音」
関連記事	「sound」

「肺音」

　　[★]

英

lung sound, lung sounds, respiratory sound

関

狭窄音、湿性ラ音、喘鳴、ラ音、呼吸音、胸膜摩擦音

「sound」

　　[★]

• n.

• 音

• v.

• 響く

• adj.

• 健全な

Use of the amblyopic eye is encouraged by discouraging use of the sound eye with an occluding patch or using drugs or glasses to blur vision in the sound eye.

関

salutary、tone