WordNet

primarily temporal sense; being or indicating a relatively great or greater than average duration or passage of time or a duration as specified; "a long life"; "a long boring speech"; "a long time"; "a long friendship"; "a long game"; "long ago"; "an hour long"
(of speech sounds or syllables) of relatively long duration; "the English vowel sounds in `bate, `beat, `bite, `boat, `boot are long"
for an extended distance
for an extended time or at a distant time; "a promotion long overdue"; "something long hoped for"; "his name has long been forgotten"; "talked all night long"; "how long will you be gone?"; "arrived long before he was expected"; "it is long after your bedtime"
having or being more than normal or necessary:"long on brains"; "in long supply"
holding securities or commodities in expectation of a rise in prices; "is long on coffee"; "a long position in gold"
involving substantial risk; "long odds"
of relatively great height; "a race of long gaunt men"- Sherwood Anderson; "looked out the long French windows"
primarily spatial sense; of relatively great or greater than average spatial extension or extension as specified; "a long road"; "a long distance"; "contained many long words"; "ten miles long"
any bundle of nerve fibers running to various organs and tissues of the body (同)nervus
prolonged unfulfilled desire or need (同)yearning, hungriness
control of your emotions; "this kind of tension is not good for my nerves"

PrepTutorEJDIC

(距離・物の長さが)『長い』 / (時間が)『長い』,長く続く / 《時間・距離などを表離などを表す語を伴って》長さが…の / 『長々しい』,あきあきする / (数量が標準よりも)『多い』,長い / (人が)やせてひょろ長い / 長く,長い間,久しく / …じゅう / ずっと(前に,後に) / 長い間
『熱望する』
〈C〉『神経』 / 〈C〉《複数形で》『神経過敏』,いらだち / 〈U〉『勇気』,度胸(courage) / 〈U〉《時にa ~》厚かましさ,ずぶとさ;無礼 / 〈C〉葉脈;(昆虫の)翅脈(しみゃく) / 〈人,特に自分〉‘に'力を与える,‘を'元気づける
胸の,胸部の
『あこがれ』,熱望 / (目の表情などが)あこがれの,熱望している

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/06/15 22:33:36」(JST)

wiki en

The long thoracic nerve (external respiratory nerve of Bell; posterior thoracic nerve) supplies the serratus anterior. This nerve characteristically arises by three roots, specifically anterior rami, from the fifth, sixth, and seventh cervical nerves (C5-C7) but the root from C7 may be absent. The roots from C5 and C6 pierce the scalenus medius, while the C7 root passes in front of the muscle.

The nerve descends behind the brachial plexus and the axillary vessels, resting on the outer surface of the serratus anterior. It extends along the side of the thorax to the lower border of that muscle, supplying filaments to each of its digitations (finger-like projections).

Damage

Due to its long, relatively superficial course, it is susceptible to injury either through direct trauma or stretch. Injury has been reported in almost all sports, typically occurring from a blow to the ribs underneath an outstretched arm. The long thoracic nerve can also be damaged during surgery for breast cancer, specifically radical mastectomies that involve removal of axillary lymph nodes.

Injuries to the nerve can result from carrying heavy bags over the shoulder for a prolonged time. There are also reports of isolated damage to this nerve as a variant of Parsonage Turner Syndrome, an autoimmune disease.

Symptoms are often minimal – if symptomatic, a posterior shoulder or scapular burning type of pain may be reported.

A lesion of the nerve paralyses the serratus anterior to produce winged scapula, which is most prominent when the arm is lifted forward or when the patient pushes the outstretched arm against a wall. However, even winging may not be evident until the trapezius stretches enough to reveal an injury several weeks later.

Additional images

The right brachial plexus (infraclavicular portion) in the axillary fossa; viewed from below and in front.
Brachial plexus
Brachial plexus with courses of spinal nerves shown

External links

Long_thoracic_nerve at the Duke University Health System's Orthopedics program
synd/2384 at Who Named It?
Anatomy figure: 05:03-07 at Human Anatomy Online, SUNY Downstate Medical Center - "The major subdivisions and terminal nerves of the brachial plexus."

This neuroanatomy article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

UpToDate Contents

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1. 上肢末梢神経症候群の概要 overview of upper extremity peripheral nerve syndromes
2. 肩関節の訴えがある患者の評価 evaluation of the patient with shoulder complaints
3. 胸郭出口症候群の概要 overview of thoracic outlet syndromes
4. 肩部の身体診察 physical examination of the shoulder
5. 頭皮、頸部および胴部の神経ブロック：手技 nerve blocks of the scalp neck and trunk techniques

English Journal

The Effects of Granulocyte-Colony Stimulating Factor on Regeneration in Nerve Crush Injuries in Rats.

Song YS1, Joe JH1, Joo HW1, Park IH1, Shen GY2, Kim KJ1, Lee Y3, Shin JH2, Kim H4, Kim KS5,6.
Neurochemical research.Neurochem Res.2016 Jul;41(7):1645-50. doi: 10.1007/s11064-016-1879-z. Epub 2016 Mar 15.
Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) is widely known to have a neuroprotective effect, but its effects on function and morphology in mechanical nerve injury are not well understood. The aim of this study was to confirm the time course of the functional changes and morphological effects of G
PMID 26980007

Tracheostomy After Operations for Congenital Heart Disease: An Analysis of the Society of Thoracic Surgeons Congenital Heart Surgery Database.

Mastropietro CW1, Benneyworth BD2, Turrentine M3, Wallace AS4, Hornik CP4, Jacobs JP5, Jacobs ML6.
The Annals of thoracic surgery.Ann Thorac Surg.2016 Jun;101(6):2285-92. doi: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2016.01.046. Epub 2016 Apr 12.
BACKGROUND: Information concerning tracheostomy after operations for congenital heart disease has come primarily from single-center reports. We aimed to describe the epidemiology and outcomes associated with postoperative tracheostomy in a multi-institutional registry.METHODS: The Society of Thoraci
PMID 27083243

[Winged scapula in lyme borreliosis].

Rausch V1, Königshausen M2, Gessmann J2, Schildhauer TA2, Seybold D2.
Der Orthopäde.Orthopade.2016 Jun;45(6):540-3. doi: 10.1007/s00132-016-3234-0.
Here we present the case of a young patient with one-sided winged scapula and lyme borreliosis. This disease can be very delimitating in daily life. If non-operative treatment fails, dynamic or static stabilization of the scapula can be a therapeutic option.
PMID 26849378

Japanese Journal

von Recklinghausen病に合併した悪性末梢神経鞘腫術後の高悪性度肺転移の1切除例

鈴木尚樹,正岡俊明,佐藤昂,河上英則,内ヶ崎新也,和泉典子
肺癌 58(3), 211-215, 2018
背景．悪性末梢神経鞘腫における転移病巣は肺が最多であり，完全切除により長期生存が期待できる可能性があるが，手術適応に関しては慎重に判断する必要がある．症例．23歳，男性．生下時にvon Recklinghausen病と診断された．2015年に鼻根部腫瘍を切除され，悪性末梢神経鞘腫と診断された．2017年4 …
NAID 130007412347

胸郭出口症候群に対する鎖骨上アプローチにおける術中電気生理学的マッピング

石井卓也,寺尾亨,斎藤江美子,加藤直樹,谷諭,村山雄一
脊髄外科 31(2), 152-160, 2017
… : Methods for intraoperative electrophysiological mapping in thoracic outlet syndrome have not yet been established, despite the potential severity of surgical complications. … A method for intraoperative electrophysiological mapping in the supraclavicular approach for thoracic outlet syndrome was developed. … : Twelve patients underwent surgery for thoracic outlet syndrome using this mapping method. …
NAID 130006186259

自律神経疾患の治療の進歩

山元敏正
神経治療学 33(4), 542-545, 2017
… Percutaneous tibial nerve stimulation and sacral nerve stimulation showed effectiveness for treatment of OAB.6. … Video–assisted thoracic sympathicotomy for the treatment of palmar and axillary hyperhidrosis showed the long–term effectiveness. …
NAID 130005398471

「長胸神経」

Long thoracic nerve
	Nerves of the left upper extremity. (Long thoracic labeled vertically at shoulder, to left of artery.)
	The right brachial plexus with its short branches, viewed from in front. (Long thoracic labeled at center, third from top.)
Details
Latin	nervus thoracicus longus
From	brachial plexus (C5-C7)
Innervates	serratus anterior muscle
Identifiers
Gray's	p.933
Dorlands; /Elsevier	n_05/12566912
TA	A14.2.03.012
FMA	65275
	Anatomical terms of neuroanatomy