肝腫大

関: enlarged liver、hepatomegaly

WordNet

abnormal enlargement of the liver (同)megalohepatia
pursue a positive and satisfying existence; "You must accept yourself and others if you really want to live"
actually being performed at the time of hearing or viewing; "a live television program"; "brought to you live from Lincoln Center"; "live entertainment involves performers actually in the physical presence of a live audience" (同)unrecorded
abounding with life and energy; "the club members are a really live bunch"
charged with an explosive; "live ammunition"; "a live bomb"
exerting force or containing energy; "live coals"; "tossed a live cigarette out the window"; "got a shock from a live wire"; "live ore is unmined ore"; "a live bomb"; "a live ball is one in play"
highly reverberant; "a live concert hall"
in current use or ready for use; "live copy is ready to be set in type or already set but not yet proofread"
lead a certain kind of life; live in a certain style; "we had to live frugally after the war"
not recorded; "the opera was broadcast live"
of current relevance; "a live issue"; "still a live option"
a person who has a special life style; "a high liver"
large and complicated reddish-brown glandular organ located in the upper right portion of the abdominal cavity; secretes bile and functions in metabolism of protein and carbohydrate and fat; synthesizes substances involved in the clotting of the blood; sy
liver of an animal used as meat
someone who lives in a place; "a liver in cities"
the state of being enlarged
a photographic print that has been enlarged (同)blowup, magnification

PrepTutorEJDIC

『生きている』,生命がある / 《副詞[句]を伴って》〈人などが〉『生き続ける』 / 〈物事が〉長く続く,存続する / 《場所を表す副詞[句]を伴って》〈人などが〉『住む』,居住する / 《副詞[句]を伴って》『生活する』,暮らす / 生人を楽しむ,おもしろく桟らす / 《a+形容詞癌lifeを目的語にして》〈…を生活〉‘を'する / 〈思想など〉‘を'実銭する
《名詞の前にのみ用いて》『生きている』 / 『活気のある』 / (問題などが)当面の / 燃えている / (弾丸などが)まだ爆発してない,未発の / まだ動いている(働いている),有効な / 電流が通じている / (放走が)生の,実況の
(ある態度で)生活する人;居住者
〈C〉『肝臓』 / 〈U〉(食用にする)動物の肝臓,レバー
〈U〉〈C〉拡大,増大,拡張;増補;増築 / 〈C〉拡大(増大,拡張)された部分 / 〈C〉(写真)の引き伸ばし;引き伸ばした写真

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2017/04/12 20:39:07」(JST)

wiki en

[Wiki en表示]

Hepatomegaly is the condition of having an enlarged liver.^[1] It is a non-specific medical sign having many causes, which can broadly be broken down into infection, hepatic tumours, or metabolic disorder. Often, hepatomegaly will present as an abdominal mass. Depending on the cause, it may sometimes present along with jaundice.^[2]

Symptoms/signs

Symptoms having to do with hepatomegaly can include several, among them the individual may experience some weight loss, poor appetite and lethargy (jaundice and bruising may also be present)^[2]

Causes

Leptospirosis

Among the causes of hepatomegaly are the following:

Infective

Glandular fever (Infectious mononucleosis) ^[2]
Hepatitis (A,B or C)^[1]
Liver abscess (pyogenic abscess)^[2]
Malaria^[2]
Amoeba infections^[3]
Hydatid cyst^[4]
Leptospirosis^[5]
Actinomycosis^[6]

Neoplastic

Metastatic tumours ^[1]
Hepatocellular carcinoma^[1]
Myeloma^[2]
Leukemia^[1]
Lymphoma^[2]

Biliary

Primary biliary cirrhosis.^[2]
Primary sclerosing cholangitis.^[2]

Metabolic

Haemochromatosis^[2]
Cholesteryl ester storage disease^[7]
Porphyria^[2]
Wilson's disease^[2]
Niemann Pick disease^[1]
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.^[2]
Glycogen Storage Disease ^[1]

Drugs (and alcohol)

Alcohol abuse ^[1]
Drug-induced hepatitis^[2]

Congenital

Hemolytic anemia^[2]
Polycystic Liver Disease^[2]
Sickle cell disease^[2]
Hereditary fructose intolerance ^[1]

Others

Hunter syndrome (Spleen affected)^[8]
Zellweger's syndrome^[9]
Carnitine palmitoyltransferase I deficiency^[10]
Granulomatous: Sarcoidosis^[11]

Mechanism

The mechanism of hepatomegaly consists of vascular swelling, inflammation (due to the various causes that are infectious in origin) and deposition of (1) non-hepatic cells or (2) increased cell contents (such due to iron in hemochromatosis or hemosiderosis and fat in fatty liver disease)^[12]

Diagnosis

Suspicion of hepatomegaly indicates a thorough medical history and physical examination, wherein the latter typically includes an increased liver span. Blood tests should be done, importantly liver-function series, which will give a good impression of the patient's broad metabolic picture.^{[medical citation needed]}

A complete blood test can help distinguish intrinsic liver disease from extrahepatic bile-duct obstruction.^[13] An ultrasound of the liver can reliably detect a dilated biliary-duct system,^[14] it can also detect the characteristics of a cirrhotic liver,.^[15]Computerized tomography (CT) can help to obtain accurate anatomical information, in individuals with hepatomegaly.^[16]

Treatment

Prednisone

Treatment of hepatomegaly will vary depending on the cause of the liver enlargement and hence accurate diagnosis is the primary concern. In the case of auto-immune liver disease, prednisone and azathioprine may be used for treatment.^[17]

In the case of lymphoma the treatment options include single-agent (or multi-agent) chemotherapy and regional radiotherapy, also surgery may be an option in specific situations.Meningococcal group C conjugate vaccine are also used in some cases.^[18]

In primary biliary cirrhosis ursodeoxycholic acid helps the bloodstream remove bile which may increase survival in some affected individuals.^[19]

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ "Hepatomegaly: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia". www.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2016-02-27.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q "Hepatomegaly. Read about Hepatomegaly (enlarged liver) | Patient". Patient. Retrieved 2016-02-27.
^ Lang, Florian (2009-03-19). Encyclopedia of Molecular Mechanisms of Disease: With 213 Tables. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 824. ISBN 9783540671367.
^ Prevention, CDC - Centers for Disease Control and. "CDC - Echinococcosis - Resources for Health Professionals". www.cdc.gov. Retrieved 2016-03-11.
^ "Leptospirosis (Weil's Disease) | Doctor | Patient". Patient. Retrieved 2016-03-11.
^ Banfalvi, Gaspar (2013-10-16). Homeostasis - Tumor - Metastasis. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 145. ISBN 9789400773356.
^ "Cholesteryl Ester Storage Disease - NORD (National Organization for Rare Disorders)". NORD (National Organization for Rare Disorders). Retrieved 2016-03-11.
^ "Hunter's Syndrome. MPS II information; symptoms | Patient". Patient. Retrieved 2016-03-11.
^ "OMIM Entry - # 214100 - PEROXISOME BIOGENESIS DISORDER 1A (ZELLWEGER); PBD1A". www.omim.org. Retrieved 2016-03-11. ^{[permanent dead link]}
^ "CPT I deficiency". Genetics Home Reference. 2016-03-07. Retrieved 2016-03-11.
^ "Sarcoidosis | Doctor | Patient". Patient. Retrieved 2016-03-11.
^ Dennis, Mark; Bowen, William Talbot; Cho, Lucy (2012-01-01). Mechanisms of Clinical Signs. Elsevier Australia. p. 469. ISBN 9780729540759.
^ Goldman, Lee; Schafer, Andrew I. (2015-04-21). Goldman-Cecil Medicine. Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 991. ISBN 9780323322850.
^ Meacock, L M; Sellars, M E; Sidhu, P S (2010-07-01). "Evaluation of gallbladder and biliary duct disease using microbubble contrast-enhanced ultrasound". The British Journal of Radiology. 83 (991): 615–627. doi:10.1259/bjr/60619911. ISSN 0007-1285. PMC 3473688. PMID 20603412.
^ Murray, Karen F.; Horslen, Simon (2013-12-11). Diseases of the Liver in Children: Evaluation and Management. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 199. ISBN 9781461490050.
^ Mirvis, Stuart E.; Soto, Jorge A.; Shanmuganathan, Kathirkamanathan; Yu, Joseph; Kubal, Wayne S. (2014-08-19). Problem Solving in Emergency Radiology. Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 442. ISBN 9781455758395.
^ "Cirrhosis: Practice Essentials, Overview, Epidemiology".
^ "Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma | Doctor | Patient". Patient. Retrieved 2016-03-11.
^ "Primary biliary cirrhosis: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia". www.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2016-03-12.

External links

Merck Manual: Hepatomegaly

UpToDate Contents

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1. 肝肥大：鑑別診断および評価 hepatomegaly differential diagnosis and evaluation
2. ゴーシェ病：初期評価、モニタリング、および臨床経過 gaucher disease initial assessment monitoring and clinical course
3. 成人における肝硬変：病態、臨床症状、および診断 cirrhosis in adults etiologies clinical manifestations and diagnosis
4. 幼児および小児における心疾患の疑い：紹介の基準 suspected heart disease in infants and children criteria for referral
5. 原発性骨髄線維症の臨床症状および診断 clinical manifestations and diagnosis of primary myelofibrosis

English Journal

Computed tomography findings of hepatic veno-occlusive disease caused by Sedum aizoon with histopathological correlation.

Shao H1, Chen HZ1, Zhu JS1, Ruan B2, Zhang ZQ3, Lin X1, Gan MF1.
Brazilian journal of medical and biological research = Revista brasileira de pesquisas médicas e biológicas / Sociedade Brasileira de Biofísica ... [et al.].Braz J Med Biol Res.2015 Dec;48(12):1145-50. doi: 10.1590/1414-431X20154563.
This study investigated the value of computed tomography (CT) in the diagnosis and treatment of hepatic veno-occlusive disease (HVOD) caused by Sedum aizoon (SA). The clinical manifestations, treatment results, imaging findings, and histological findings of the liver were analyzed in 39 patients wit
PMID 26517336

Aspartate aminotransferase to platelet ratio and fibrosis-4 as biomarkers in biopsy-validated pediatric cystic fibrosis liver disease.

Leung DH1,2, Khan M2, Minard CG3, Guffey D3, Ramm LE4, Clouston AD5, Miller G5, Lewindon PJ4,6, Shepherd RW1,2,4, Ramm GA4,7.
Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.).Hepatology.2015 Nov;62(5):1576-83. doi: 10.1002/hep.28016. Epub 2015 Sep 28.
Up to 10% of cystic fibrosis (CF) children develop cirrhosis by the first decade. We evaluated the utility of two simple biomarkers, aspartate aminotransferase to platelet ratio index (APRI) and FIB-4, in predicting degree of fibrosis in pediatric CF liver disease (CFLD) validated by liver biopsy. I
PMID 26223427

Silibinin mitigates zidovudine-induced hepatocellular degenerative changes, oxidative stress and hyperlipidaemia in rats.

Raghu R1, Jesudas B1, Bhavani G1, Ezhilarasan D1, Karthikeyan S2.
Human & experimental toxicology.Hum Exp Toxicol.2015 Nov;34(11):1031-42. doi: 10.1177/0960327114567765. Epub 2015 Jan 13.
Prolonged zidovudine (AZT) treatment in HIV-infected and AIDS patients is shown to induce liver toxicity leading to complications. Therapeutic regimen that could encounter this adverse effect is unavailable and management of toxicity is often symptomatic or is limited to withdrawal of therapy. In th
PMID 25586000

Japanese Journal

肝細胞癌に対してソラフェニブ投与開始後に十二指腸下行部に多発性潰瘍を認めた1例

亀田亮,上野誠,小林智,大川伸一
日本消化器内視鏡学会雑誌 = Gastroenterological endoscopy 53(7), 1809-1815, 2011-07-20
ソラフェニブは有害事象として手足症候群の他，血管新生促進因子の阻害により出血，穿孔を起こすことが知られているが，消化管の潰瘍性病変によるものは稀である．一方，低頻度ながら血栓症の報告がある．本症例では，ソラフェニブ開始後に十二指腸下行部に縦列傾向のある多発性潰瘍が発生し，同薬中止後に改善した．ソラフェニブにより十二指腸に血流障害を生じ，多発性潰瘍を形成したと考えられた．文献的考察を加え報告する．
NAID 10029562504

血漿交換と血液濾過透析の併用療法が奏功した肝機能障害を伴った甲状腺クリーゼの1例(アフェレシスと希少疾患)

陣内彦博,菊地勘,岩崎富人,三和奈穂子,木全直樹,吉原愛,高野加寿恵,新田孝作,秋葉隆
日本アフェレシス学会雑誌 30(2), 161-165, 2011-05-31
… We report a 28-year-old female patient in whom thyroid storm associated with liver dysfunction was dramatically improved by plasmapheresis. … The patient suffered from thyroid gland enlargement, weight loss, and palpitations for 2 years, but had never visited a hospital Unfortunately with the onset of urinary tract infection, she had thyroid storm and liver dysfunction. …
NAID 110008661257

「enlarged liver」

Hepatomegaly
	Computerized tomography of hepatomegaly
Classification and external resources
Specialty	internal medicine
ICD-10	R16..0
ICD-9-CM	789.1
MedlinePlus	003275
Patient UK	Hepatomegaly
	[edit on Wikidata]

　　[★]

肝腫大、肝肥大

関: hepatomegaly、liver enlargement

「live」

　　[★]

[liv]

vt.
vi.

[laiv]

adj.

同: LAIV

「enlargement」

　　[★]

n.

拡大、増大、拡張、増補、増築

「liver」

　　[★] 肝臓　　　　　　

[nih-1] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ "Hepatomegaly: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia". www.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2016-02-27.

[pat-2] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q "Hepatomegaly. Read about Hepatomegaly (enlarged liver) | Patient". Patient. Retrieved 2016-02-27.

[3] Lang, Florian (2009-03-19). Encyclopedia of Molecular Mechanisms of Disease: With 213 Tables. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 824. ISBN 9783540671367.

[4] Prevention, CDC - Centers for Disease Control and. "CDC - Echinococcosis - Resources for Health Professionals". www.cdc.gov. Retrieved 2016-03-11.

[5] "Leptospirosis (Weil's Disease) | Doctor | Patient". Patient. Retrieved 2016-03-11.

[6] Banfalvi, Gaspar (2013-10-16). Homeostasis - Tumor - Metastasis. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 145. ISBN 9789400773356.

[7] "Cholesteryl Ester Storage Disease - NORD (National Organization for Rare Disorders)". NORD (National Organization for Rare Disorders). Retrieved 2016-03-11.

[8] "Hunter's Syndrome. MPS II information; symptoms | Patient". Patient. Retrieved 2016-03-11.

[9] "OMIM Entry - # 214100 - PEROXISOME BIOGENESIS DISORDER 1A (ZELLWEGER); PBD1A". www.omim.org. Retrieved 2016-03-11. ^{[permanent dead link]}

[10] "CPT I deficiency". Genetics Home Reference. 2016-03-07. Retrieved 2016-03-11.

[11] "Sarcoidosis | Doctor | Patient". Patient. Retrieved 2016-03-11.

[12] Dennis, Mark; Bowen, William Talbot; Cho, Lucy (2012-01-01). Mechanisms of Clinical Signs. Elsevier Australia. p. 469. ISBN 9780729540759.

[13] Goldman, Lee; Schafer, Andrew I. (2015-04-21). Goldman-Cecil Medicine. Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 991. ISBN 9780323322850.

[14] Meacock, L M; Sellars, M E; Sidhu, P S (2010-07-01). "Evaluation of gallbladder and biliary duct disease using microbubble contrast-enhanced ultrasound". The British Journal of Radiology. 83 (991): 615–627. doi:10.1259/bjr/60619911. ISSN 0007-1285. PMC 3473688. PMID 20603412.

[15] Murray, Karen F.; Horslen, Simon (2013-12-11). Diseases of the Liver in Children: Evaluation and Management. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 199. ISBN 9781461490050.

[16] Mirvis, Stuart E.; Soto, Jorge A.; Shanmuganathan, Kathirkamanathan; Yu, Joseph; Kubal, Wayne S. (2014-08-19). Problem Solving in Emergency Radiology. Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 442. ISBN 9781455758395.

[17] "Cirrhosis: Practice Essentials, Overview, Epidemiology".

[18] "Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma | Doctor | Patient". Patient. Retrieved 2016-03-11.

[19] "Primary biliary cirrhosis: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia". www.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2016-03-12.

v t e Symptoms and signs: digestive system and abdomen (R10–R19, 787,789)

Upper	Nausea Vomiting Heartburn Aerophagia Dysphagia oropharyngeal esophageal Odynophagia Halitosis Xerostomia Hypersalivation Burping Wet burp

Defaecation	Flatulence Fecal incontinence Encopresis Blood: Fecal occult blood Rectal tenesmus Constipation Obstructed defecation Diarrhea Rectal discharge Psoas sign Obturator sign Rovsing's sign Hamburger sign Heel tap sign Aure-Rozanova's sign Dunphy sign Alder's sign Lockwood's sign Rosenstein's sign

Abdomen	Abdominal pain Acute abdomen Colic Baby colic Abdominal guarding Rebound tenderness Abdominal distension Bloating Ascites Tympanites Shifting dullness Bulging flanks Fluid wave test Abdominal mass Hepatosplenomegaly Hepatomegaly Splenomegaly Jaundice Mallet-Guy sign Puddle sign

リンク元	「enlarged liver」
関連記事	「live」「enlargement」「liver」

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案内

liver enlargement