WordNet

any of a class of weakly acidic organic compounds; molecule contains one or more hydroxyl groups
reduced to a liquid state; "liquefied petroleum gas" (同)liquified

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フェノール,石炭酸(消毒薬に用いる)

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English Journal

Deoxy-liquefaction of switchgrass in supercritical water with calcium formate as an in-situ hydrogen donor.

Ramsurn H, Gupta RB.Author information Department of Chemical Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849-5127, USA.AbstractSwitchgrass was liquefied in supercritical water (SCW) using Ca(HCOO)2 as an in-situ source of hydrogen to enhance deoxygenation and the quality of the biocrude obtained. In SCW, Ca(HCOO)2 produces hydrogen via decomposition and hydrolysis reactions, and simultaneously switchgrass hydrolyzes to form oxygenated hydrocarbon compounds. Because of the close proximity of the newly-formed hydrogen and active hydrocarbons, hydrodeoxygenation occurred whereby some of the oxygenated compounds were upgraded by the removal of oxygen in the form of water. The analysis of the so-formed biocrude revealed the presence of benzene, polyaromatic hydrocarbons, and alkyl phenolics. The benzene formation is attributed to the hydrogenation of phenols but also due to the Diels-Alder alkene addition, followed by dehydrogenation. The addition of Ca(HCOO)2 doubled the yield of biocrude (10 wt%) and increased the heating value from 28 to 34 kJ/g. Formic acid amount increased in the aqueous biocrude due to the enhanced decomposition of xylose and glucose.
Bioresource technology.Bioresour Technol.2013 Sep;143:575-83. doi: 10.1016/j.biortech.2013.06.053. Epub 2013 Jun 21.
Switchgrass was liquefied in supercritical water (SCW) using Ca(HCOO)2 as an in-situ source of hydrogen to enhance deoxygenation and the quality of the biocrude obtained. In SCW, Ca(HCOO)2 produces hydrogen via decomposition and hydrolysis reactions, and simultaneously switchgrass hydrolyzes to form
PMID 23835262

Conversion of cornstalk to bio-oil in hot-compressed water: effects of ultrasonic pretreatment on the yield and chemical composition of bio-oil, carbon balance, and energy recovery.

Shi W, Gao Y, Yang G, Zhao Y.Author information School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , 800 Dong Chuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China.AbstractAn ultrasonic pretreatment method was developed to enhance the yield of bio-oil obtained from the liquefaction of cornstalks in hot-compressed water at different reaction temperatures (260-340 °C) and residence times (0-40 min). Influences of ultrasonic pretreatment on the physicochemical properties of cornstalks and bio-oil yields were investigated. The results show that ultrasonic pretreatment obviously increases surface areas of cornstalks, decreases crystallinities, and erodes the structures of lignin, leading to more exposure of cellulose and hemicellulose. The yield of bio-oil was increased remarkably by 10.1% for 40 min sonicated cornstalks under the optimum liquefied conditions (300 °C for 0 min of residence time). Carbon balance indicates that ultrasonic pretreatment increases the carbon conversion of cornstalks to heavy oil and water-soluble oil. Energy balance indicates that the sonicated cornstalks have positive energy efficiencies. GC-MS analyses demonstrate ultrasonic pretreatment increases the contents of the phenols in heavy oil and water-soluble oil.
Journal of agricultural and food chemistry.J Agric Food Chem.2013 Aug 7;61(31):7574-82. doi: 10.1021/jf401975p. Epub 2013 Jul 26.
An ultrasonic pretreatment method was developed to enhance the yield of bio-oil obtained from the liquefaction of cornstalks in hot-compressed water at different reaction temperatures (260-340 °C) and residence times (0-40 min). Influences of ultrasonic pretreatment on the physicochemical propertie
PMID 23859803

The preparation and characterization of liquefied wood based primary fibers.

Lin J, Shang JB, Zhao GJ.Author information College of Materials Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, PR China.AbstractThe preparation of primary fibers were performed from liquefied wood in phenol by melt-spinning with different spinnerettes of length/diameter ratio (L/D) (0, 2, and 4), to investigate the effect of the size of spinnerette on the thermal stability and structural properties of primary fibers. High thermal transition temperatures and small weight loss percentages of resultant primary fibers representing good thermal stability were obtained with L/D of spinnerette increasing. Besides, few defective structure occurred on cross section and surface of primary fibers in comparison with those prepared with spinnerette of L/D=0. We found that these improvements were caused by the formation of hydrogen bond among phenolic hydroxyl groups in the period of flow entering the cylindrical die of spinnerette. Thus, the precursor, with either porous structure for preparing activated carbon fibers or defect-free structure for preparing carbon fibers with high performance, can be probably prepared by controlling the spinnerette system.
Carbohydrate polymers.Carbohydr Polym.2013 Jan 2;91(1):224-8. doi: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2012.08.007. Epub 2012 Aug 10.
The preparation of primary fibers were performed from liquefied wood in phenol by melt-spinning with different spinnerettes of length/diameter ratio (L/D) (0, 2, and 4), to investigate the effect of the size of spinnerette on the thermal stability and structural properties of primary fibers. High th
PMID 23044126

Japanese Journal

Effects of water in water/phenol mixtures on liquefaction of Japanese beech as treated under subcritical conditions

Mishra Gaurav,Saka Shiro
Holzforschung 67(3), 241-247, 2013-04
… Japanese beech (Fagus crenata) has been liquefied by water-added subcritical phenol without a catalyst in a batch-type reaction vessel. … The effect of water/phenol ratio was studied under conditions of various treatment times. … The fractions soluble in phenol/water as well as the insoluble residues were characterized. … The degree of phenolation was increased with increasing treatment times and water content in phenol/water solvent. …
NAID 120005474540

Dynamic wettability and curing characteristics of liquefied bark-modified phenol formaldehyde resin (BPF) on rice straw surfaces

Wen Ming-Yu,Shi Jun-You,Park Hee-Jun
Journal of wood science 59(3), 262-268, 2013
NAID 40019670201

Kinetic behavior of liquefaction of Japanese beech in subcritical phenol.

Bioresource technology 102(23), 10946-10950, 2011-12
… Non-catalytic liquefaction of Japanese beech (Fagus crenata) wood in subcritical phenol was investigated using a batch-type reaction vessel. … After samples were treated at 160 °C/0.9 MPa-350 °C/4.2 MPa for 3-30 min, they were fractionated into a phenol-soluble portion and phenol-insoluble residues. …
NAID 80022103071