| Pulmonary Veins |
|
|
|
Diagram of the alveoli with both cross-section and external view.
|
| Details |
| Latin |
venae pulmonales |
| Precursor |
truncus arteriosus |
|
Drains from
|
lungs |
|
Drains to
|
left atrium |
|
Artery
|
pulmonary artery |
| Identifiers |
| Gray's |
p.642 |
| MeSH |
A07.231.908.713 |
Dorlands
/Elsevier |
v_05/12851530 |
| TA |
A12.3.02.001 |
| FMA |
70827 |
| Anatomical terminology |
The pulmonary veins are large blood vessels that receive oxygenated blood from the lungs and drain into the left atrium of the heart. There are four pulmonary veins, two from each lung. The pulmonary veins are among the few veins that carry oxygenated blood.
Contents
- 1 Structure
- 1.1 Variation
- 1.2 Development
- 2 Function
- 3 Clinical significance
- 4 Additional images
- 5 References
- 6 See also
- 7 External links
Structure
Two pulmonary veins emerge from each lung hilum, receiving blood from three or four bronchial veins apiece and draining into the left atrium. An inferior and superior vein drains each lung, so there are four veins in total.[1] The veins are fixed to the pericardium. The pulmonary veins travel alongside the pulmonary arteries[2]
At the root of the lung, the right superior pulmonary vein lies in front of and a little below the pulmonary artery; the inferior is situated at the lowest part of the lung hilum. Behind the pulmonary artery is the bronchus.[2]
The right pulmonary veins (contains oxygenated blood) pass behind the right atrium and superior vena cava; the left in front of the descending thoracic aorta.
Variation
Occasionally the three veins on the right side remain separate, and not infrequently the two left pulmonary veins end by a common opening into the left atrium. Therefore, the number of pulmonary veins opening into the left atrium can vary between three and five in the healthy population.
The two left pulmonary veins may be united as a single pulmonary vein in about 25% of people; the two right veins may be united in about 3%.[2]
Development
|
This section requires expansion. (November 2013) |
Function
|
This section requires expansion. (November 2013) |
The pulmonary veins play an essential role in respiration, by receiving blood that has been oxygenated in the alveoli.
Clinical significance
As part of the pulmonary circulation they carry oxygenated blood back to the heart, as opposed to the veins of the systemic circulation which carry deoxygenated blood.
When the pulmonary veins drain into the systemic circulation in whole or in part, this is known as a total anomalous pulmonary venous circulation or partial anomalous pulmonary circulation, respectively.
Additional images
-
-
Bronchi, bronchial tree, and lungs
-
-
-
Transverse section of thorax, showing relations of pulmonary artery.
-
Pulmonary vessels, seen in a dorsal view of the heart and lungs.
-
Base and diaphragmatic surface of heart.
-
The position and relation of the esophagus in the cervical region and in the posterior mediastinum. Seen from behind.
-
References
This article incorporates text in the public domain from the 20th edition of Gray's Anatomy (1918)
- ^ Drake, Richard L.; Vogl, Wayne; Tibbitts, Adam W.M. Mitchell; illustrations by Richard; Richardson, Paul (2005). Gray's anatomy for students (Pbk. ed.). Philadelphia: Elsevier/Churchill Livingstone. ISBN 978-0-443-06612-2.
- ^ a b c Skandalakis, editor in chief John E. (2004). "Chapter 7. Pericardium, Heart, and Great Vessels in the Thorax". Skandalakis' surgical anatomy : the embryologic and anatomic basis of modern surgery. Athens, Greece: PMP. pp. section titled 'Pulmonary veins'. ISBN 9603990744.
See also
This article uses anatomical terminology; for an overview, see anatomical terminology.
External links
- Anatomy figure: 19:05-08 at Human Anatomy Online, SUNY Downstate Medical Center
- Illustration at infomat.net
|
Arteries and veins
|
|
| Vessels |
|
Arteries
|
- Nutrient artery
- Arteriole
|
|
|
Capillaries
|
- Types
- Continuous
- Fenestrated
- Sinusoidal
- Precapillary sphincter
- Precapillary resistance
|
|
|
Veins
|
- Vena comitans
- Superficial vein
- Deep vein
- Emissary veins
- Venous plexus
- Venule
|
|
|
Lymph
|
- Lymphatic vessel
- Lymph
- Lymph capillary
|
|
|
| Circulation |
|
Systemic
|
Left heart → Aorta → Arteries → Arterioles → Capillaries → Venules → Veins → Vena cava → (Right heart)
|
|
|
Pulmonary
|
Right heart → Pulmonary arteries → Lungs → Pulmonary vein → Left heart
|
|
|
| Microanatomy |
- Tunica intima
- Endothelium
- Internal elastic lamina
- Tunica media
- Tunica externa
- Vasa vasorum
- Vasa nervorum
- Rete mirabile
- Circulatory anastomosis
|
|
|
Index of the circulatory system
|
|
| Description |
- Anatomy
- Arteries
- head and neck
- arms
- chest
- abdomen
- legs
- Veins
- head and neck
- arms
- chest
- abdomen and pelvis
- legs
- Development
- Cells
- Physiology
|
|
| Disease |
- Congenital
- Neoplasms and cancer
- Lymphatic vessels
- Injury
- Vasculitis
- Other
- Symptoms and signs
|
|
| Treatment |
- Procedures
- Drugs
- beta blockers
- channel blockers
- diuretics
- nonsympatholytic vasodilatory antihypertensives
- peripheral vasodilators
- renin–angiotensin system
- sympatholytic antihypertensives
- vasoprotectives
|
|
|
|
Veins of the thorax and vertebral column
|
|
| Thorax |
| Coronary |
| Coronary sinus |
- Great cardiac (Left marginal)
- Posterior of the left ventricle
- Oblique of the left atrium (Ligament of the left vena cava)
- Middle cardiac
|
|
| Small cardiac vein |
- Anterior cardiac (Right marginal)
|
|
| Smallest cardiac veins |
- Right atrial veins
- Right ventricular veins
|
|
|
| Pulmonary |
- right inferior pulmonary vein
- right superior pulmonary vein
- left inferior pulmonary vein
- left superior pulmonary vein
|
|
| superior vena cava |
| Brachiocephalic |
- internal thoracic
- anterior intercostal
- superior epigastric
- left superior intercostal
- supreme
- vertebral
- subclavian
- axillary:
- lateral thoracic
- thoracoepigastric
- dorsal scapular
- external jugular
- pericardiacophrenic
- internal jugular
|
|
| Azygos |
- right superior intercostal
- bronchial
- intercostal/posterior intercostal 5-11
- accessory hemiazygos/hemiazygos
- superior phrenic
|
|
|
|
| Vertebral column |
- vertebral venous plexuses
- spinal
- basivertebral
- intervertebral
|
|
|
Index of the circulatory system
|
|
| Description |
- Anatomy
- Arteries
- head and neck
- arms
- chest
- abdomen
- legs
- Veins
- head and neck
- arms
- chest
- abdomen and pelvis
- legs
- Development
- Cells
- Physiology
|
|
| Disease |
- Congenital
- Neoplasms and cancer
- Lymphatic vessels
- Injury
- Vasculitis
- Other
- Symptoms and signs
|
|
| Treatment |
- Procedures
- Drugs
- beta blockers
- channel blockers
- diuretics
- nonsympatholytic vasodilatory antihypertensives
- peripheral vasodilators
- renin–angiotensin system
- sympatholytic antihypertensives
- vasoprotectives
|
|
|
- 1. 部分肺静脈還流異常partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection [show details]
… separates the right upper pulmonary vein from the SVC . This anomaly results in the right pulmonary vein draining into the SVC or in the right and left atria. Inferior sinus venosus defects are …
- 2. 肺発達異常の放射線学的所見radiographic appearance of developmental anomalies of the lung [show details]
… anomalous vertical vein can be mistaken for a left superior vena cava. In case the anomalous pulmonary vein drains into the inferior vena cava, the anomalous vascular structure can look like a scimitar along the …
- 3. 成人の急性肺塞栓症の治療、予後、経過観察treatment prognosis and follow up of acute pulmonary embolism in adults [show details]
… subsegmental pulmonary embolism (SSPE) likely has a different prognosis than a patient with massive PE and shock. However, in general, if left untreated,… Thrombus may remain undetected in the pelvis or calf veins or clot can quickly reform in the leg veins after embolization.… percent), shorter time to therapeutic anticoagulation (12.6 versus 16.3 hours), and decreased use of inferior vena cava filters (22.2 versus 16.4 percent). The mortality benefit was most pronounced in the subgroup …
- 4. 妊娠における深部静脈血栓症：疫学、病因、および診断deep vein thrombosis in pregnancy epidemiology pathogenesis and diagnosis [show details]
… the left leg related to compression of the left iliac vein by the right iliac artery, coupled with compression of the inferior vena cava by the gravid uterus . Pelvic vein DVT – Pelvic vein DVT… isolated lower extremity deep vein thrombosis (DVT) or clot can break off from the lower extremities and travel to the lung to present as a pulmonary embolus (PE) .…
- 5. 低侵襲手術：結腸左半切除術/S状結腸切除術、直腸切除術minimally invasive techniques left sigmoid colectomy and proctectomy [show details]
…unobstructed view of the sigmoid/left colon. Right lateral decubitus positioning may also be necessary to provide unhindered access to the inferior mesenteric artery/vein, mesocolon, retroperitoneum, splenic …