側壁
- 関
- side wall
WordNet
- surround with a wall in order to fortify (同)palisade, fence, fence in, surround
- a difficult or awkward situation; "his back was to the wall"; "competition was pushing them to the wall"
- a layer of material that encloses space; "the walls of the cylinder were perforated"; "the containers walls were blue"
- a masonry fence (as around an estate or garden); "the wall followed the road"; "he ducked behind the garden wall and waited"
- an architectural partition with a height and length greater than its thickness; used to divide or enclose an area or to support another structure; "the south wall had a small window"; "the walls were covered with pictures"
- (anatomy) a layer (a lining or membrane) that encloses a structure; "stomach walls" (同)paries
- a vertical (or almost vertical) smooth rock face (as of a cave or mountain)
- anything that suggests a wall in structure or function or effect; "a wall of water"; "a wall of smoke"; "a wall of prejudice"; "negotiations ran into a brick wall"
- lying away from the median and sagittal plane of a body; "lateral lemniscus"
- situated at or extending to the side; "the lateral branches of a tree"; "shot out sidelong boughs"- Tennyson (同)sidelong
- comparative of the adverb `late; "he stayed later than you did"
- coming at a subsequent time or stage; "without ulterior argument"; "the mood posterior to" (同)ulterior, posterior
- an alliance of nations joining together to fight a common enemy
PrepTutorEJDIC
- {C}(石・れんがなどの)『壁』,へい / {U}(胃などの)内壁,内側 / {C}(…の)壁[のようなもの]《+of+名》 / …‘を'壁(へい)で囲む / …‘を'壁で仕切る / 〈窓・入り口など〉‘を'壁ぃふさぐ《+up+名,+名+up》
- 横の,側面の;横からの / (音声が)側音の / 側面,(道路の)側溝(そっこう) / 側音(英語の[1]など)
- 《補語にのみ用いて》(人などが)(…するのが)『もっと遅い』《+『in』+『名』(do『ing』)》 / (時刻・時期が)『もっと遅い』,もっと後の / 後で,のちほど / (lateの比較級)(定刻・予定時間・他の人(物))より遅れて,遅く
Wikipedia preview
出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/07/31 20:30:56」(JST)
[Wiki en表示]
| Tympanic cavity |
Malleus
Tensor Tympani
Incus
Stapedius
Labyrinth
Stapes
Auditory Canal
Tympanic Membrane
(Ear Drum)
Eustachian Tube
Tympanic cavity
Bones and muscles in the tympanic cavity in the middle ear
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The cochlea and vestibule, viewed from above. (Tympanic cavity labeled at upper right.)
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| Latin |
cavitas tympani |
| Gray's |
p.1037 |
| Artery |
stylomastoid artery |
| Precursor |
first pharyngeal pouch |
The tympanic cavity is a small cavity surrounding the bones of the middle ear.
Contents
- 1 Structure
- 1.1 Walls
- 1.2 Development
- 2 Clinical significance
- 3 Additional images
- 4 References
- 5 External links
Structure
On its lateral surface, it abuts the external auditory meatus from which it is separated by the tympanic membrane (eardrum).
Walls
The tympanic cavity is bounded by:
- Facing the inner ear, the medial wall (or Labyrinthic wall) is vertical, and has the oval window and round window, the promontory, and the prominence of the facial canal.
- Facing the outer ear, the lateral wall (or membranous wall), is formed mainly by the tympanic membrane, partly by the ring of bone into which this membrane is inserted. This ring of bone is incomplete at its upper part, forming a notch (notch of Rivinus), close to which are three small apertures: the "iter chordæ posterius", the petrotympanic fissure, and the "iter chordæ anterius". The iter chordæ posterius (apertura tympanica canaliculi chordæ) is situated in the angle of junction between the mastoid and membranous wall of tympanic cavity immediately behind the tympanic membrane and on a level with the upper end of the manubrium of the malleus; it leads into a minute canal, which descends in front of the canal for the facial nerve, and ends in that canal near the stylo-mastoid foramen. Through it the chorda tympani nerve enters the ympanic cavity. The petrotympanic fissure (fissura petrotympanica; Glaserian fissure) opens just above and in front of the ring of bone into which the tympanic membrane is inserted; in this situation it is a mere slit about 2 mm. in length. It lodges the anterior process and anterior ligament of the malleus, and gives passage to the anterior tympanic branch of the internal maxillary artery. The iter chordæ anterius (canal of Huguier) is placed at the medial end of the petrotympanic fissure; through it the chorda tympani nerve leaves the tympanic cavity.
- The roof of the cavity (also called the tegmental wall, tegmental roof or tegmentum tympani) is formed by a thin plate of bone, the tegmen tympani, which separates the cranial and tympanic cavities. It is situated on the anterior (frontal) surface of the petrous portion of the temporal bone close to its angle of junction with the squama temporalis; it is prolonged backward so as to roof in the tympanic antrum, and forward to cover in the semicanal for the tensor tympani muscle. Its lateral edge corresponds with the remains of the petrosquamous suture.[1] The Atticus is the part of the tegmentum tympani where the stapes and incus are attached.
- The floor of the cavity (also called the jugular wall) is narrow, and consists of a thin plate of bone (fundus tympani) which separates the tympanic cavity from the jugular fossa. It presents, near the labyrinthic wall, a small aperture for the passage of the tympanic branch of the glossopharyngeal nerve.
- The 'posterior wall (or mastoid wall) is wider above than below, and presents for examination the entrance to the tympanic antrum, the pyramidal eminence, and the fossa incudis.
- The anterior wall (or carotid wall) is wider above than below; it corresponds with the carotid canal, from which it is separated by a thin plate of bone perforated by the tympanic branch of the internal carotid artery, and by the deep petrosal nerve which connects the sympathetic plexus on the internal carotid artery with the tympanic plexus on the promontory. At the upper part of the anterior wall are the orifice of the semicanal for the Tensor tympani muscle and the tympanic orifice of the auditory tube, separated from each other by a thin horizontal plate of bone, the septum canalis musculotubarii. These canals run from the tympanic cavity forward and downward to the retiring angle between the squama and the petrous portion of the temporal bone.
Development
It is formed from the tubotympanic recess, an expansion of the first pharyngeal pouch.
Clinical significance
If damaged, the tympanic membrane can be repaired in a procedure called tympanoplasty.
Should fluid accumulate within the middle ear as the result of infection or for some other reason, it can be drained by puncturing the tympanic membrane with a large bore needle (tympanocentesis).
Additional images
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External and middle ear, opened from the front. Right side.
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Horizontal section through left ear; upper half of section.
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Tympanic cavity. Facial canal. Internal carotid artery.
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Auditory ossicles. Tympanic cavity. Deep dissection.
References
This article incorporates text from a public domain edition of Gray's Anatomy.
- ^ Public domain edition of Gray's Anatomy
External links
- Tympanic+cavity at eMedicine Dictionary
- http://www.dartmouth.edu/~humananatomy/figures/chapter_44/44-5.HTM
- http://www.thefreedictionary.com/tympanic+cavity
- http://education.yahoo.com/reference/gray/subjects/subject/230
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Sensory system: Auditory and Vestibular systems (TA A15.3, TH 3.11.09, GA 10.1029)
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| Outer ear |
- Pinna (Helix, Antihelix, Tragus, Antitragus, Incisura anterior auris, Earlobe)
- Ear canal
- Auricular muscles
- Eardrum (Umbo
- Pars flaccida)
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| Middle ear |
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Tympanic cavity
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- Labyrinthine wall/medial: Oval window
- Round window
- Secondary tympanic membrane
- Prominence of facial canal
- Promontory of tympanic cavity
- Mastoid wall/posterior: Mastoid cells
- Aditus to mastoid antrum
- Pyramidal eminence
- Tegmental wall/roof: Epitympanic recess
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Ossicles
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- Malleus (Neck of malleus, Superior ligament of malleus, Lateral ligament of malleus, Anterior ligament of malleus)
- Incus (Superior ligament of incus, Posterior ligament of incus)
- Stapes (Anular ligament of stapes)
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Muscles
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Eustachian tube
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- Bony part of pharyngotympanic tube
- Cartilage of pharyngotympanic tube (Torus tubarius)
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Inner ear/
(membranous labyrinth,
bony labyrinth) |
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Auditory system
Cochlear labyrinth
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General cochlea
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- Scala vestibuli
- Helicotrema
- Scala tympani
- Modiolus
- Cochlear cupula
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Perilymphatic space
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- Perilymph
- Cochlear aqueduct
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Cochlear duct /
scala media
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- Reissner's/vestibular membrane
- Basilar membrane
- Reticular membrane
- Endolymph
- Stria vascularis
- Spiral ligament
- Organ of Corti: Stereocilia, Tip links
- Tectorial membrane
- Sulcus spiralis (externus, internus)
- Spiral limbus
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Cells
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- Claudius cell
- Boettcher cell
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Vestibular system/
Vestibular labyrinth
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- Static/translations/vestibule/endolymphatic duct: Utricle (Macula)
- Saccule (Macula, Endolymphatic sac)
- Kinocilium
- Otolith
- Vestibular aqueduct
- Canalis reuniens
- Kinetic/rotations: Semicircular canals (Superior, Posterior, Horizontal)
- Ampullary cupula
- Ampullae (Crista ampullaris)
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UpToDate Contents
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English Journal
- Size-dependent genotoxicity of graphene nanoplatelets in human stem cells.
- Akhavan O, Ghaderi E, Akhavan A.SourceDepartment of Physics, Sharif University of Technology, P.O. Box 11155-9161, Tehran, Iran; Institute for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Sharif University of Technology, P.O. Box 14588-89694, Tehran, Iran.
- Biomaterials.Biomaterials.2012 Nov;33(32):8017-25. Epub 2012 Aug 3.
- Reduced graphene oxide nanoplatelets (rGONPs) were synthesized by sonication of covalently PEGylated GO sheets followed by a chemical reduction using hydrazine and bovine serum albumin. Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs), as a fundamental factor in tissue engineering, were isolated from umbilical
- PMID 22863381
- "Bulky mass": metastasis of poorly differentiated follicular thyroid carcinoma: a case report.
- Nieves-Maldonado S, Pubul-Nuñez V, Argibay-Vazquez S, Cabezas-Agrícola JM, Ruibal-Morell A.SourceFrom the *Nuclear Medicine Department and †Endocrinology Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
- Clinical nuclear medicine.Clin Nucl Med.2012 Nov;37(11):1131-2. doi: 10.1097/RLU.0b013e318266cc0e.
- ABSTRACT: Poorly differentiated follicular thyroid carcinoma (PDFC) is a tumor of follicular cell origin with intermediate attributes between well-differentiated carcinomas and anaplastic carcinomas. The majority of patients presenting with distant metastases have locally advanced tumors, being lung
- PMID 22996244
Japanese Journal
- 4) 腟壁と膀胱・尿道間の微小交感神経束を温存する合成メッシュ骨盤底再建手術(シンポジウム1:女性ヘルスケア「中高年に対する女性医学の展開」,第64回日本産科婦人科学会・学術講演会)
- 古山 将康
- 日本産科婦人科學會雜誌 64(10), 2203-2213, 2012-10-01
- … They locate more than 10mm away from a cluster of nerves found almost along the lateral edge of the vagina and stained with S100 and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) antibody, originated from the cranial part of the pelvic plexus, and appeared to terminate at the urethral smooth muscles. … When performing surgical placation of the anterior vaginal wall for anterior colporrhaphy, nerve injury may contribute to the subsequent development of stress urinary incontinence. …
- NAID 110009518076
- 既存壁式プレキャスト鉄筋コンクリート構造集合住宅建物の解析モデルの改良と比較分析 : 耐震壁に新設開口を有する既存壁式プレキャスト鉄筋コンクリート構造集合住宅建物の耐震性能評価(その2)
Related Links
- The Membranous wall of tympanic cavity, also called the Lateral Wall (outer wall), is formed mainly by the tympanic membrane, partly by the ring of bone into which this membrane is inserted. This ring of bone is incomplete at its upper part, ...
- The right atrial lateral wall is the anterior wall of the right atrium. The majority of the lateral wall is made up of pectinate muscle. The crista terminalis is also located on the right atrial lateral wall.
Related Pictures
★リンクテーブル★
[★]
- 英
- lateral wall、side wall
[★]
側壁
- 関
- lateral wall
[★]
- 関
- aspect、external、externally、flanking、laterale、lateralis、laterally、outer、outside、profile、side、sided、sidedness
[★]