initial segment

初節

WordNet

1. occurring at the beginning; "took the initial step toward reconciliation"
2. the first letter of a word (especially a persons name); "he refused to put the initials FRS after his name"
3. mark with ones initials
4. divide or split up; "The cells segmented"
5. one of the parts into which something naturally divides; "a segment of an orange"
6. divide into segments; "segment an orange"; "segment a compound word" (同)section

PrepTutorEJDIC

1. 『最初の』;語頭にある / (語の)最初の文字 / 《複数形で》(姓名の)『かしら文字』,イニシアル / …‘に'かしら文字で署名する(印をつける)
2. 区分,部分 / 切片(円などの一部);(直線の)線分 / …‘を'分ける / 分かれている,分裂する

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/01/18 02:02:48」(JST)

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[Wiki en表示]

The powerset algebra of the set {1,2,3,4} with the upset ↑{1} colored green.

In mathematics, an upper set (also called an upward closed set or just an upset) of a partially ordered set (X,≤) is a subset U with the property that, if x is in U and x≤y, then y is in U.

The dual notion is lower set (alternatively, down set, decreasing set, initial segment; the set is downward closed), which is a subset L with the property that, if x is in L and y≤x, then y is in L.

Properties

• Every partially ordered set is an upper set of itself.
• The intersection and the union of upper sets is again an upper set.
• The complement of any upper set is a lower set, and vice versa.
• Given a partially ordered set (X,≤), the family of lower sets of X ordered with the inclusion relation is a complete lattice, the down-set lattice O(X).
• Given an arbitrary subset Y of an ordered set X, the smallest upper set containing Y is denoted using an up arrow as ↑Y.
  • Dually, the smallest lower set containing Y is denoted using a down arrow as ↓Y.
• A lower set is called principal if it is of the form ↓{x} where x is an element of X.
• Every lower set Y of a finite ordered set X is equal to the smallest lower set containing all maximal elements of Y: Y = ↓Max(Y) where Max(Y) denotes the set containing the maximal elements of Y.
• A directed lower set is called an order ideal.
• The minimal elements of any upper set form an antichain.
  • Conversely any antichain A determines an upper set {x: for some y in A, x ≥ y}. For partial orders satisfying the descending chain condition this correspondence between antichains and upper sets is 1-1, but for more general partial orders this is not true.

Ordinal numbers

An ordinal number is usually identified with the set of all smaller ordinal numbers. Thus each ordinal number forms a lower set in the class of all ordinal numbers, which are totally ordered by set inclusion.

See also

• Cofinal set – a subset U of a partially ordered set (P,≤) that contains for every element x of P an element y such that x ≤ y

References

• Blanck, J. (2000). "Domain representations of topological spaces". Theoretical Computer Science 247: 229–255. 
• Hoffman, K. H. (2001), The low separation axioms (T₀) and (T₁)
• Davey, B.A., and Priestley, H. A. (2002). Introduction to Lattices and Order (2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-78451-4. 

UpToDate Contents

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• 1. ST上昇型心筋梗塞における血栓溶解療法：効果の指標 fibrinolytic thrombolytic agents in acute st elevation myocardial infarction markers of efficacy
• 2. 心電図チュートリアル：心筋虚血および心筋梗塞 ecg tutorial myocardial ischemia and infarction
• 3. 心筋梗塞または不安定狭心症の予後における心電図 electrocardiogram in the prognosis of myocardial infarction or unstable angina
• 4. 急性心筋梗塞の診断基準 criteria for the diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction
• 5. 不安定狭心症および非ST上昇型心筋梗塞の分類 classification of unstable angina and non st elevation myocardial infarction

English Journal

• Mononuclear phagocytes rapidly clear apoptotic epithelial cells in the proximal epididymis.

• Smith TB1, Cortez-Retamozo V, Grigoryeva LS, Hill E, Pittet MJ, Da Silva N.
• Andrology.Andrology.2014 Sep;2(5):755-62. doi: 10.1111/j.2047-2927.2014.00251.x. Epub 2014 Aug 1.
• We have shown previously that a network of mononuclear phagocytes (MPs) expressing macrophage and dendritic cell markers such as CD11c, F4/80 and CX3CR1, lines the base of the epididymal tubule. However, in the initial segment (IS) and only in that particular segment, epididymal MPs establish extrem
• PMID 25082073

• Noise versus signal: the clinical implications of an increasingly sensitive troponin assay for patients with suspected acute coronary syndrome.

• Wolf S1, Kaur R, McKeown WP, Chan H, Dang A, Kuston T, Leung W, Purakal J, O'Neil BJ, Levy P.
• Critical pathways in cardiology.Crit Pathw Cardiol.2014 Sep;13(3):89-95. doi: 10.1097/HPC.0000000000000020.
• OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the clinical impact of a troponin assay switch in suspected acute coronary syndromes (ACS).METHODS: Retrospective analysis of ACS cases in the 3 months before and after changing to a contemporary, higher sensitivity troponin assay. Admitting diagnosis, proportion with a posit
• PMID 25062391

• Outcome of aortic surgery in patients with Loeys-Dietz syndrome primarily treated as having Marfan syndrome†.

• Schoenhoff FS1, Mueller C1, Czerny M1, Matyas G2, Kadner A1, Schmidli J1, Carrel T3.
• European journal of cardio-thoracic surgery : official journal of the European Association for Cardio-thoracic Surgery.Eur J Cardiothorac Surg.2014 Sep;46(3):444-9. doi: 10.1093/ejcts/ezu002. Epub 2014 Feb 4.
• OBJECTIVES: Loeys-Dietz syndrome (LDS) is characterized by acute aortic dissection (AAD) at aortic diameters below thresholds for intervention in patients with Marfan syndrome (MFS). The aim was to evaluate the outcome of LDS patients primarily treated as having MFS.METHODS: We analysed 68 consecuti
• PMID 24499874

Japanese Journal

• Advantages of Response Function Change in a transXend Detector with Various Scintillators as Substrates of Segment Detectors

• KANNO Ikuo,MINAMI Yuko,IMAMURA Ryo,SHIMAZAKI Hironobu,FUKUDA Kentaro,OHTAKA Masahiko,HASHIMOTO Makoto,ARA Kuniaki,ONABE Hideaki
• Journal of nuclear science and technology 48(11), 1377-1384, 2011-11-01
• … The transXend detector requires a spectrum survey method in the unfolding process for measuring the energy distribution of incident X-rays, when the response functions of segment detectors have nearly the same behavior. … When employing various scintillators with different effective atomic numbers and densities as the substrates of the segment detectors, better convergence is obtained in the unfolding process by using only one initial guess spectrum. …
• NAID 10029483271

Related Links

• Initial segment - definition of Initial segment by Medical dictionary

initial at the beginning. initial plan problem-oriented medical record. initial problem list problem-oriented medical record. initial segment the first 50-100 μm of the axon; point of cell body emergence to point of myelin initiation. Patient ...

• Initial segment - definition of Initial segment by The Free ...

initial detail of an illuminated manuscript in·i·tial (ĭ-nĭsh′əl) adj. 1. Of, relating to, or occurring at the beginning; first: took the initial step toward peace. 2. Designating the first letter or letters of a word. n. 1. a. The first letter of a proper ...

Related Pictures

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★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「初節」
関連記事	「initial」「segment」

「初節」

　　[★]

英

initial segment

関

軸索

「initial」

　　[★]

• adj.

• 初期の、最初の、初回の、初発性の

関

archaic、beginning、early、early stage、early-stage、incipient、initially、original、originally

　 　 　 　

「segment」

　　[★]

• n.

• セグメント、区域、分節、体節

関

area、metameric、region、segmental、somite、somitic