関: Dahl rat、Dahl salt-sensitive rat

WordNet

give (hair) the appearance of being fuller by using a rat
a pad (usually made of hair) worn as part of a womans coiffure
any of various long-tailed rodents similar to but larger than a mouse
catch rats, especially with dogs
desert ones party or group of friends, for example, for ones personal advantage
employ scabs or strike breakers in
standing or position on a scale
produced by inbreeding
a local tax on property (usually used in the plural)

PrepTutorEJDIC

『ネズミ』 / ひきょう者,裏切り者 / ネズミをつかまえる / 《話》(人を)裏切る,密告する《+『on』+『名』〈人〉》
〈C〉〈U〉（品質・技量などによる）格づけ,評価 / 〈C〉（個人・会社の経済的な）信用度 / 〈C〉(トン・馬力による)(船舶・車)の等級 / 〈C〉(テレビ・ラジオの)視聴率
生まれつきの(inborn) / 近親交配による
ばかな,信じられない

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1. 鼠咬症 rat bite fever
2. 遺伝学およびゲノミクスのためのツール：研究用に育種された遺伝子改変マウス tools for genetics and genomics specially bred and genetically engineered mice
3. 遺伝学およびゲノミクスのためのツール：モデルシステム tools for genetics and genomics model systems
4. 犬および猫以外のペットからの人畜共通感染症 zoonoses from pets other than dogs and cats
5. 発疹熱の疫学および臨床症状 the epidemiology and clinical manifestations of murine typhus

English Journal

FMRI and fcMRI phenotypes map the genomic effect of chromosome 13 in Brown Norway and Dahl salt-sensitive rats.

Li Z1, Ward BD2, Dwinell MR3, Lombard JH4, Pawela CP5.Author information 1Department of Plastic Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.2Department of Biophysics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.3Department of Human and Molecular Genetics Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.4Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.5Department of Plastic Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA; Department of Biophysics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA. Electronic address: cpawela@mcw.com.AbstractGenes have been implicated as major contributors to many biological traits and susceptibility to specific diseases. However, the mechanisms of genotype action on central nervous system function have been elusive. It has been previously observed that inbred Brown Norway (BN) rats exhibit a number of quantitative complex traits markedly different from those of inbred Dahl salt-sensitive (SS) rats. These strains have become so important to cardiovascular research that a novel chromosome substitution approach was used to create SS and BN strains that have a single chromosome replaced by the homologous chromosome of the other strain. The present study was conducted in an effort to evaluate whether fMRI neuroimaging measures could be employed as a phenotype of genetic influence on neural biology in SS, BN, and consomic SSBN13 rat strains. Electrical forepaw stimulation evoked robust differential BOLD-fMRI activation along the thalamocortical pathway among the three strains across different stimulus frequencies. Moreover, using the fMRI-guided seeds in thalamus and somatosensory cortex for the analysis of fcMRI, we were able to characterize the strain-specific difference in secondary somatosensory cortex, temporal association cortex, and the CA3 region. We were also able to define the genetic influences of Chr-13 on the projection and integration of sensory information in consomic SS-13(BN) strain. We provided objective imaging evidence supporting the hypothesis that rat strain-specific fMRI and fcMRI combined with consomic strategy can be a useful tool in identifying the complex genetic divergence that is related to neural circuits. These findings prove the concept of neuroimaging-based phenotypes as a novel approach to visualize and fine-map the genetic effects onto brain biology at a systems level.
NeuroImage.Neuroimage.2014 Apr 15;90:403-12. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.09.049. Epub 2013 Sep 29.
Genes have been implicated as major contributors to many biological traits and susceptibility to specific diseases. However, the mechanisms of genotype action on central nervous system function have been elusive. It has been previously observed that inbred Brown Norway (BN) rats exhibit a number of
PMID 24084065

Left ventricular strain and transmural distribution of structural remodeling in hypertensive heart disease.

Ishizu T1, Seo Y, Kameda Y, Kawamura R, Kimura T, Shimojo N, Xu D, Murakoshi N, Aonuma K.Author information 1Cardiovascular Division, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Science, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan. yo-seo@md.tsukuba.ac.jp.AbstractLeft ventricular (LV) systolic wall strain is a new candidate for prognostic indicator of hypertensive heart failure. It remains unclear how underlying transmural structural remodeling corresponds to LV wall systolic deformation as hypertensive hypertrophy progresses. We fed 68 Dahl salt-sensitive rats a high-salt (hypertensive group) or low-salt diet (control group) from 6 weeks old. At 10, 14, and 18 weeks, pressure-volume relation, transmural distribution of LV fibrosis, and myocyte hypertrophy were evaluated. LV global longitudinal and circumferential strain was measured with speckle tracking echocardiography. Emax was preserved throughout the study period, whereas τ and end-diastolic pressure-volume relation progressively deteriorated from 14 weeks (diastolic dysfunction stage). Lung weight increased significantly at 18 weeks (decompensated stage). Histological percentage area fibrosis and collagen type I/III, myocyte hypertrophy, and α-myosin heavy chain isoform increased in the subendocardial layer at 14 weeks and progressed into the midlayer at 18 weeks. Longitudinal strain progressively deteriorated in the hypertensive group versus control group at 14 weeks (hypertensive group: -17±3%, control: -27±4%; P<0.001), and circumferential strain decreased at 18 weeks (hypertensive group: -17±2%, control: -27±3%; P=0.002). After adjustment for systolic wall stress, subendocardial percentage area fibrosis was selected as the independent determinant of longitudinal strain. This study showed that LV wall strain alternations were accompanied by fibrosis and myocyte hypertrophy from subendocardium to epicardium, and longitudinal strain related significantly to subendocardial layer fibrosis. Longitudinal strain could be a surrogate of subendocardial fibrotic changes and may be useful for risk stratification of hypertensive heart failure.
Hypertension.Hypertension.2014 Mar;63(3):500-6. doi: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.113.02149. Epub 2014 Jan 6.
Left ventricular (LV) systolic wall strain is a new candidate for prognostic indicator of hypertensive heart failure. It remains unclear how underlying transmural structural remodeling corresponds to LV wall systolic deformation as hypertensive hypertrophy progresses. We fed 68 Dahl salt-sensitive r
PMID 24396022

CD247 modulates blood pressure by altering T-lymphocyte infiltration in the kidney.

Rudemiller N1, Lund H, Jacob HJ, Geurts AM, Mattson DL; PhysGen Knockout Program.Author information 1Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Rd, Milwaukee, WI 53226. dmattson@mcw.edu.AbstractThe CD3 ζ chain (CD247), a gene involved in T-cell signaling, has been shown to associate with blood pressure in human genetic studies. To test the functional role of CD247 in hypertension and renal disease, zinc-finger nucleases targeting CD247 were injected into Dahl salt-sensitive (SS/JrHsdMcwi) embryos. The resulting 11-bp frameshift deletion in exon 1 of CD247 led to a predicted premature stop codon. Western blotting confirmed the absence of CD247 protein in the thymus, and flow cytometry (n=5-9 per group) demonstrated that the mutant rats (CD247(-/-)) have a >99% reduction in circulating CD3(+) T cells compared with littermate controls (CD247(+/+)). Studies were performed on age-matched, littermate male, CD247(+/+) and CD247(-/-) rats fed a 4.0% NaCl diet for 3 weeks. The infiltration of CD3(+) T cells into the kidney after high salt was significantly blunted in CD247(-/-) (1.4±0.4×10(5) cells per kidney) when compared with that in the CD247(+/+) (8.7±2.0×10(5) cells per kidney). Accompanying the reduced infiltration of T cells, mean arterial blood pressure was significantly lower in CD247(-/-) than in CD247(+/+) (134±1 versus 151±2 mm Hg). As an index of kidney disease, urinary albumin and protein excretion rates were significantly reduced in CD247(-/-) (17±1 and 62±2 mg/d, respectively) when compared with that in CD247(+/+) (49±3 and 121±5 mg/d, respectively). Glomerular and renal tubular damage were also attenuated in the CD247(-/-). These studies demonstrate that functional T cells are required for the full development of Dahl salt-sensitive hypertension and indicate that the association between CD247 and hypertension in humans may be related to altered immune cell function.
Hypertension.Hypertension.2014 Mar;63(3):559-64. doi: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.113.02191. Epub 2013 Dec 16.
The CD3 ζ chain (CD247), a gene involved in T-cell signaling, has been shown to associate with blood pressure in human genetic studies. To test the functional role of CD247 in hypertension and renal disease, zinc-finger nucleases targeting CD247 were injected into Dahl salt-sensitive (SS/JrHsdMcwi)
PMID 24343121

Japanese Journal

Identifying Candidate Genes for Blood Pressure Quantitative Trait Loci Using Defferential Gene Expression and a Panel of Congenic Strains

CICILA George T.,LEE Soon Jin
Hypertension research : clinical and experimental : official journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension 21(4), 289-296, 1998-12-01
… Instead of positional cloning, we propose using a panel of congenic strains, where each carries an allele for a different QTL on a similar genetic background, in conjunction with identification of differentially-expressed genes in target organs of inbred strains of contrasting phenotype. … Radiation hybrid mapping of such genes will result in a transcription map of differentially-expressed genes in a target organ of a rat model of genetic hypertension. …
NAID 10009563862

Dahl食塩感受性ラットの高血圧の成因に関わる腎kallikrein-kinin系,prostaglandin系の意義

青山徹,中川基哉,浦信行[他]
札幌医学雑誌 67(3/4), 77-87, 1998-08-01
… The Dahl salt-susceptible rat/John Rapp (SS/Jr) is a widely used animal model of salt-susceptible hypertension. … Independently, Iwai and Heine established new inbred Dahl SS and salt-resistant (SR) rat strains in 1986. …
NAID 110000453420