- 同
- HVR
WordNet
- the approximate amount of something (usually used prepositionally as in `in the region of' (同)neighborhood
- the extended spatial location of something; "the farming regions of France"; "religions in all parts of the world"; "regions of outer space" (同)part
- a knowledge domain that you are interested in or are communicating about; "it was a limited realm of discourse"; "here we enter the region of opinion"; "the realm of the occult" (同)realm
- a large indefinite location on the surface of the Earth; "penguins inhabit the polar regions"
PrepTutorEJDIC
- (地理的な)『地域』,『地帯』;(特に広大な)地方 / 《複数形で》(宇宙などの)区分,界,属 / (身体の)部分 / (学問などの)分野,領域 / 《複数形で》(都会から離れた)地方
Wikipedia preview
出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)』「2013/08/26 14:34:01」(JST)
[Wiki en表示]
A hypervariable region (HVR) is a location within nuclear DNA or the D-loop of mitochondrial DNA in which base pairs of nucleotides repeat (in the case of nuclear DNA) or have substitutions (in the case of mitochondrial DNA). Changes or repeats in the hypervariable region are highly polymorphic.
Contents
- 1 Nuclear
- 2 Mitochondrial
- 3 Antibodies
- 4 See also
- 5 References
- 6 External links
Nuclear[edit source | edit]
|
This section requires expansion. (September 2011) |
Mitochondrial[edit source | edit]
There are two mitochondrial hypervariable regions used in human mitochondrial genealogical DNA testing. HVR1 is considered a "low resolution" region and HVR2 is considered a "high resolution" region. Getting HVR1 and HVR2 DNA tests can help determine one's haplogroup. HVR1 locations are numbered 16001-16568. HVR2 locations are numbered 001-574.
In some bony fishes, for example certain Protacanthopterygii and Gadidae, the mitochondrial control region evolves remarkably slowly. Even functional mitochondrial genes accumulate mutations faster and more freely. It is not known whether such hypovariable control regions are more widespread. In the Ayu (Plecoglossus altivelis), an East Asian protacanthopterygian, control region mutation rate is not markedly lowered, but sequence differences between subspecies are far lower in the control region than elsewhere. This phenomenon completely defies explanation at present.[1]
Antibodies[edit source | edit]
Main articles: V(D)J recombination and Somatic hypermutation
In antibodies, hypervariable regions form the antigen-binding site and are found on both light and heavy chains.[2] They also contribute to the specificity of each antibody.[2] In a variable region, the 3 HV segments of each heavy or light chain fold together at the N-terminus to form an antigen binding pocket.
See also: Complementarity determining region and Framework region
See also[edit source | edit]
- Cambridge Reference Sequence
- Genealogical DNA test
- Human mitochondrial DNA haplogroup
- mtDNA control region
References[edit source | edit]
- ^ Takeshima, Hirohiko; Iguchi, Kei-ichiro & Nishida, Mutsumi (2005): Unexpected Ceiling of Genetic Differentiation in the Control Region of the Mitochondrial DNA between Different Subspecies of the Ayu Plecoglossus altivelis. Zool. Sci. 22(4): 401–410. doi:10.2108/zsj.22.401 (HTML abstract)
- ^ a b Michael Stein; Paul Zei; Gloria Hwang; Radhika Breaden (2000). Cracking The Boards: USMLE Step 1. The Princeton Review. Retrieved 5 September 2011. "Antibodies are remarkably specific, thanks to hypervariable regions in both light and heavy chains. The hyperbariable regions for the antigen-binding site."
External links[edit source | edit]
- Hypervariable region at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
- DNA: Forensic and Legal Applications, Explanation of Hypervariable Regions
UpToDate Contents
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English Journal
- Genomic analysis of the Chinese genotype 1F rubella virus that disappeared after 2002 in China.
- Zhu Z1, Chen MH, Abernathy E, Zhou S, Wang C, Icenogle J, Xu W.
- Journal of medical virology.J Med Virol.2014 Dec;86(12):2114-21. doi: 10.1002/jmv.23936. Epub 2014 Jun 24.
- Genotype 1F was likely localized geographically to China as it has not been reported elsewhere. In this study, whole genome sequences of two rubella 1F virus isolates were completed. Both viruses contained 9,761 nt with a single nucleotide deletion in the intergenic region, compared to the NCBI rube
- PMID 24962600
- Analysis of the evolution and structure of a complex intrahost viral population in chronic hepatitis C virus mapped by ultradeep pyrosequencing.
- Palmer BA1, Dimitrova Z2, Skums P2, Crosbie O3, Kenny-Walsh E3, Fanning LJ4.
- Journal of virology.J Virol.2014 Dec 1;88(23):13709-21. doi: 10.1128/JVI.01732-14. Epub 2014 Sep 17.
- Hepatitis C virus (HCV) causes chronic infection in up to 50% to 80% of infected individuals. Hypervariable region 1 (HVR1) variability is frequently studied to gain an insight into the mechanisms of HCV adaptation during chronic infection, but the changes to and persistence of HCV subpopulations du
- PMID 25231312
- Evaluation of bifidobacterial community composition in the human gut by means of a targeted amplicon sequencing (ITS) protocol.
- Milani C1, Lugli GA, Turroni F, Mancabelli L, Duranti S, Viappiani A, Mangifesta M, Segata N, van Sinderen D, Ventura M.
- FEMS microbiology ecology.FEMS Microbiol Ecol.2014 Nov;90(2):493-503. doi: 10.1111/1574-6941.12410. Epub 2014 Sep 8.
- The precise appraisal of the composition of the human gut microbiota still represents a challenging task. The advent of next generation sequencing approaches has opened new ways to dissect the microbial biodiversity of this ecosystem through the use of 16S rRNA gene-based microbiota analysis approac
- PMID 25117972
Japanese Journal
- Characterization of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae strains isolated from acute swine erysipelas outbreaks in Eastern China
- , , , ,
- Journal of Veterinary Medical Science advpub(0), 2015
- … The 432-bp hypervariable region in spaA gene of the field and attenuated strains were amplified and sequenced. … rhusiopathiae strains is unrelated with some point mutations in 432-bp hypervariable region of the spaA gene. …
- NAID 130004781086
- JCウイルスゲノムの新しい検出―PMLへの臨床応用
- 中道 一生,林 昌宏,西條 政幸
- 臨床神経学 54(12), 1028-1030, 2014
- 進行性多巣性白質脳症(PML)はJCウイルス(JCV)に起因する中枢神経疾患である.PMLの診断では,脳脊髄液中のJCVのゲノムDNAを標的としたリアルタイムPCR検査が一般的である.しかし,この検査には偽陽性のリスクがあり,その可能性を解析するための新技術が必要である.PML患者において検出されるJCVには,ウイルスゲノムの調節領域に多様な変異が生じる.この特性を応用し,高解像度融解曲線分析をも …
- NAID 130004921193
- ミトコンドリアDNAを用いた東南アジア在来ヤギにおける遺伝的多様性解析
- 加藤 大樹,高橋 絢子,松本 大和 [他],笹崎 晋史,Md. Omar FARUQUE,Joseph S. MASANGKAY,野村 こう,高橋 幸水,天野 卓,山本 義雄,並河 鷹夫,万年 英之
- 日本畜産学会報 84(2), 149-155, 2013
- バングラデシュ在来ヤギ53個体とフィリピン在来ヤギ30個体におけるmtDNA D-loop HVI領域の塩基配列を決定し,DNAデータバンクにあるアジア在来ヤギの情報を加え,A,Bハプログループの起源について考察を行った.バングラデシュとフィリピン在来ヤギではそれぞれ25および5ハプロタイプに分類され,AおよびBハプログループから構成されていた.両国の在来ヤギのBハプログループにおける塩基置換率は …
- NAID 130003383986
Related Links
- hypervariable region regions present on light and heavy chains of immunoglobulins where most of the variation in amino acid sequences occurs. These are also ... All these alleles encode a conserved amino acid sequence (QKRAA ...
- Mitochondrial [edit] There are two mitochondrial hypervariable regions used in human mitochondrial genealogical DNA testing. HVR1 is considered a "low resolution" region and HVR2 is considered a "high resolution" region. Getting ...
Related Pictures
★リンクテーブル★
[★]
- 英
- complementarity determining region, CDR
- 同
- 超可変領域 hypervariable region
- 関
- 相補性
抗体
- 体細胞突然変異
- 体細胞突然変異
- HV3領域で不確実遺伝子組み換えがおこるため、多様性を生じる。
- TdTによるN塩基
- C末から35番目くらい
[★]
- 英
- hypervariable region
- 関
- 超可変領域、相補性決定領域
[★]
相補性決定領域
- 関
- CDR、hypervariable region
[★]
- 関
- area、district、division、domain、local、moiety、part、partial、piece、portion、realm、regional、segment、segmental、territory、universe