関: CDR、hypervariable region

WordNet

the approximate amount of something (usually used prepositionally as in `in the region of' (同)neighborhood
the extended spatial location of something; "the farming regions of France"; "religions in all parts of the world"; "regions of outer space" (同)part
a knowledge domain that you are interested in or are communicating about; "it was a limited realm of discourse"; "here we enter the region of opinion"; "the realm of the occult" (同)realm
a large indefinite location on the surface of the Earth; "penguins inhabit the polar regions"
a relation between two opposite states or principles that together exhaust the possibilities
the interrelation of reciprocity whereby one thing supplements or depends on the other; "the complementarity of the sexes"

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(地理的な)『地域』,『地帯』;(特に広大な)地方 / 《複数形で》(宇宙などの)区分,界,属 / (身体の)部分 / (学問などの)分野,領域 / 《複数形で》(都会から離れた)地方

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2012/08/22 01:26:10」(JST)

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The "upper" part (Fab region) of an antibody. The complementarity determining regions of the heavy chain are shown in red (PDB 1IGT).

Complementarity determining regions (CDRs) are regions within antibodies (also known as immunoglobulins) or T cell receptors where these proteins complement an antigen's shape. Thus, CDRs determine the protein's affinity and specificity for specific antigens. The CDRs are the most variable part of the molecule, and contribute to the diversity of these molecules, allowing the antibody and the T cell receptor to recognize a vast repertoire of antigens.

Location and structure

Sketch of an antibody with the variable domains shown in blue, and the CDRs (which are part of the variable domains) in light blue

In the amino acid sequence of a variable domain of an antigen receptor there are three CDRs (CDR1, CDR2 and CDR3), arranged non-consecutively. Since the antigen receptors are typically composed of two variable domains (on two different polypeptide chains, heavy and light chain), there are six CDRs for each antigen receptor that can collectively come into contact with the antigen. A single antibody molecule has two antigen receptors, wherefore it contains twelve CDRs. Sixty CDRs can be found on a pentameric IgM molecule.

Within the variable domain, CDR1 and CDR2 are found in the variable (V) region of a polypeptide chain, and CDR3 includes some of V, all of diverse (D, heavy chains only) and joint (J), and some of the constant (C) regions.^{[citation needed]} CDR3 is the most variable.

Since most sequence variation associated with immunoglobulins and T cell receptors are found in the CDRs, these regions are sometimes referred to as hypervariable regions.^[1] Among these, CDR3 shows the greatest variability as it is encoded by a recombination of the VJ in the case of a light chain region and VDJ in the case of heavy chain regions.

The tertiary structure of an antibody is important to analyze and design new antibodies. The three-dimensional structures of the non-H3 CDRs of antibodies have been clustered and classified by Chothia et al.^[2] and more recently by North et al.^[3] Homology modeling is a computational method to build tertiary structures from amino-acid sequences. The so-called H3-rules are empirical rules to build models of CDR3.^[4]

References

^ Abbas AK and Lichtman AH (2003). Cellular and Molecular Immunology (5th ed. ed.). Saunders, Philadelphia. ISBN 0-7216-0008-5.
^ Al-Lazikani, B.; Lesk, A. M.; Chothia, C. (1997). "Standard conformations for the canonical structures of immunoglobulins". Journal of Molecular Biology 273 (4): 927–948. doi:10.1006/jmbi.1997.1354. PMID 9367782. edit
^ North, B.; Lehmann, A.; Dunbrack Jr, R. L. (2011). "A New Clustering of Antibody CDR Loop Conformations". Journal of Molecular Biology 406 (2): 228–256. doi:10.1016/j.jmb.2010.10.030. PMC 3065967. PMID 21035459. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3065967. edit
^ Shirai, H; Kidera, A; Nakamura, H (1999). "H3-rules: identification of CDR-H3 structures in antibodies". FEBS Letters 455 (1-2): 188–97. doi:10.1016/S0014-5793(99)00821-2. PMID 10428499. edit

External links

Complementarity+determining+regions at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)

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