WordNet

remove the core or center from; "core an apple"
(computer science) a tiny ferrite toroid formerly used in a random access memory to store one bit of data; now superseded by semiconductor memories; "each core has three wires passing through it, providing the means to select and detect the contents of each bit" (同)magnetic core
a bar of magnetic material (as soft iron) that passes through a coil and serves to increase the inductance of the coil
the chamber of a nuclear reactor containing the fissile material where the reaction takes place
a small group of indispensable persons or things; "five periodicals make up the core of their publishing program" (同)nucleus, core group
a cylindrical sample of soil or rock obtained with a hollow drill
the center of an object; "the ball has a titanium core"
the central part of the Earth
the 2nd letter of the Roman alphabet (同)b
the blood group whose red cells carry the B antigen (同)type_B, group B
any substance (as a toxin or enzyme) that stimulates an immune response in the body (especially the production of antibodies)
inflammation of the liver caused by a virus or a toxin

PrepTutorEJDIC

〈C〉(果物の)『しん』 / 〈U〉(物事の)核心 / 〈C〉(電気の)磁心,磁極鉄心 / …‘の'しんを抜く
抗原(生物の体内にはいって免疫体を作る物質)
肝[臓]炎
(驚いて)わあっ,えっ

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/09/18 14:03:53」(JST)

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A simplified drawing of the HBV particle and surface antigen

The genome organisation of HBV. The genes overlap. (ORF Core, at bottom left, encodes HBcAg.

HBcAg (core antigen) is a hepatitis B viral protein.^[1]^[2] It is an indicator of active viral replication; this means the person infected with Hepatitis B can likely transmit the virus on to another person (i.e. the person is infectious).

HBeAg is the extracellular form of HBcAg, hence why the presence of both are markers of viral replication, and antibodies to these antigens are markers of a decline in replication.

Multiple protein products can be produced from the same DNA sequence. When "ORF Core" and "Pre C" are translated together, the result is "HBeAg".

Whereas HBcAg is considered "particulate", "HBeAg" is considered "nonparticulate" or "secretory".^[3]

Both HBeAg and HBcAg are made from the same reading frame, but HBeAg is secreted from cells and accumulates in serum as an immunologically distinct soluble antigen. HBeAg is secreted and found in the serum of patients and serves as a marker of active replication in chronic hepatitis. Although the function of HBeAg is not clearly understood, one study demonstrated that it downregulated Toll-like receptor 2 expression on hepatocytes and monocytes leading to a decrease in cytokine expression. HBeAg is dispensable for replication, as mutant viruses with defects in the pre-C region are both infectious and pathogenic.^[4]

References[edit source | edit]

^ Kimura T, Rokuhara A, Matsumoto A, et al. (May 2003). "New enzyme immunoassay for detection of hepatitis B virus core antigen (HBcAg) and relation between levels of HBcAg and HBV DNA". J. Clin. Microbiol. 41 (5): 1901–6. doi:10.1128/JCM.41.5.1901-1906.2003. PMC 154683. PMID 12734224.
^ Cao T, Meuleman P, Desombere I, Sällberg M, Leroux-Roels G (December 2001). "In vivo inhibition of anti-hepatitis B virus core antigen (HBcAg) immunoglobulin G production by HBcAg-specific CD4(+) Th1-type T-cell clones in a hu-PBL-NOD/SCID mouse model". J. Virol. 75 (23): 11449–56. doi:10.1128/JVI.75.23.11449-11456.2001. PMC 114731. PMID 11689626.
^ "TSRI - News and Publications". Retrieved 2009-01-03.
^ Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. 7th ed. page 2062

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1. B型肝炎ウイルス感染の診断 diagnosis of hepatitis b virus infection
2. 小児および思春期におけるB型肝炎ウイルス感染の概要 overview of hepatitis b virus infection in children and adolescents
3. HIV感染患者における慢性B型慢性肝炎ウイルス感染の治療前評価 pretreatment evaluation of chronic hepatitis b virus infection in the hiv infected patient
4. 慢性B型肝炎ウイルス感染に対する肝移植 liver transplantation for chronic hepatitis b virus infection
5. 慢性B型肝炎ウイルス感染の試験研究中の治療 investigational treatments of chronic hepatitis b virus infection

English Journal

Hepatitis B virus DNA viral load determination in hepatitis B surface antigen-negative Swiss blood donors.

Stolz M1, Tinguely C, Fontana S, Niederhauser C.
Transfusion.Transfusion.2014 May 8. doi: 10.1111/trf.12694. [Epub ahead of print]
BACKGROUND: Nucleic acid test (NAT) hepatitis B virus (HBV) screening for all blood donations with a sensitivity limit of 25 IU/mL in the individual donation is mandatory in Switzerland since 2009. The aims of the two studies were to define the percentage of antibody to hepatitis B core antige
PMID 24805974

Hepatitis B and C viruses are not risks for pancreatic adenocarcinoma.

Chang MC, Chen CH, Liang JD, Tien YW, Hsu C, Wong JM, Chang YT.
World journal of gastroenterology : WJG.World J Gastroenterol.2014 May 7;20(17):5060-5. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i17.5060.
AIM: To investigate whether hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) increase risk of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC).METHODS: We recruited 585 patients with cytological and/or pathologically confirmed PDAC in National Taiwan University Hospital from September 2000 to September 20
PMID 24803819

Reactivation from Occult HBV Carrier Status is Characterized by Low Genetic Heterogeneity with the Wild-type or G1896A Variant Prevalence.

Inuzuka T1, Ueda Y1, Morimura H2, Fujii Y1, Umeda M3, Kou T4, Osaki Y5, Uemoto S6, Chiba T1, Marusawa H1.
Journal of hepatology.J Hepatol.2014 May 2. pii: S0168-8278(14)00296-7. doi: 10.1016/j.jhep.2014.04.033. [Epub ahead of print]
BACKGROUND & AIMS: Individuals negative for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) but positive for antibodies to hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc) are at risk of hepatitis B virus (HBV) reactivation under immunosuppressive conditions. We investigated clinical features and viral genetics in patie
PMID 24798622

Japanese Journal

High Rates of Hepatitis B Virus (HBV), Hepatitis C Virus (HCV), and Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infections and Uncommon HBV Genotype/Subtype and HCV Subtype Distributions among Transgender Individuals in Surabaya, Indonesia

Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases 69(6), 493-499, 2016
NAID 130005284193

High Rates of Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HBV, HCV, HIV) Infections and Their Uncommon HBV Genotype/Subtype and HCV Subtype Distributions among Transgender Individuals in Surabaya, Indonesia